《海洋工程》2019年37卷总目录

《海洋工程》2019年第37卷,全年共刊出6期,总论文102篇,内容包括海洋平台、海洋立管、海上风电、防波堤、混凝土耐久性、海岸泥沙、海岸波浪、铺管船、系泊系统、孤立波传播、河口治理、潮流能利用、吸力式沉箱、海冰、海床液化、深海玄武岩、多金属硫化物、霍尔锚、群桩效应、水下航行器、船舶操纵等。     

Analysis on Buckling Performance of Submarine Pipelines During Deepwater Pipe-Laying Operation

Pipes inevitably encounter high ambient pressure and bending moment during the deepwater pipe-laying process,which can lead to elliptical buckling and even deterioration failure.For the safety of pipe-laying operation,available formalas for the pipe stability are established on the basis of the assumption of uniform deformation along the tube length and symmetrical buckling.This method can predict the nonlinear rcsponse of elliptical collapse of steel circular tubes for different ratios of diameter to thickness (D/t) under pure bending or combined bending and external pressure.In these formulas,the strain-displacement relationship is deduced from the nonlinear ring theory,and the Ramberg-Osgood constitutive model is applied to simulate the inelastic material behavior.Meanwhile,the principle of virtual work is adopted to derive the equilibrium equations.A set of equations is solved by the Newton-Raphson method,and the iterative scheme contains nested iteration for the constitutive relation.In order to check the effectiveness of this theoretical method,illustrative examples are presented in this paper.Besides,the numerical simulation is carried out by use of ANSYS.A comparison of the results shows that the theoretical method can provide reasonable prediction for engineering practice.     

Snap Tension in Mooring Lines of Deepwater Platform

Based on the theory of impact dynamics, the motion equations for a mooring line-floating body system before and after impact loading are established with consideration of the viscoelastic property of mooring lines. The factors that influence the taut-slack conditions of a mooring system are analyzed through classifying the taut-slack regions, which are defined by non-dimensional ratios of displacement, frequency, and damping of the system. The mooring system of Jip spar platform is analyzed, and the snap te...     

Distribution of Time-Averaged Suspended Sediment Concentration Due to Waves

According to the mechanism of sediment suspension under waves,namely,the main reason of sediment suspension changes from the turbulent mixing in the bottom boundary layer to the periodic motion of the water particle near the free water surface,a three-hyer model d sediment concentration distribution due to waves is presented along the whole water depth based on the concept of the finite mixing |ength.The determination of the parameters in the model is discussed and an empirical formula is suggested.Comparisons between the calculated results and the measurements indicate that the resuits of the model agree well with the data from both the large and small scale flume experiments.     

用INSAR作地面沉降监测的试验研究

介绍了合成孔径雷达干涉测量进行天津市地区地面沉降监测的试验。对于试验区域，原始资料选取的原则，剪裁出的试验区域的影像进行InSAR处理都作了简要的说明，最后将利用D－InSAR得到的天津市区的地面沉降监测结果与水准测量的监测结果进行了对比，并据此得到一些初步认识。     

西藏冈底斯中部淡色花岗岩锆石U—Pb年龄及其地质意义

对冈底斯花岗岩带中段罗扎岩体淡色花岗岩进行的锆石U—Pb同位素定年和岩石地球化学研究表明，淡色花岗岩锆石U—Pb年龄为133．9Ma 0．9Ma，为早白垩世岩浆活动的产物，岩石属于钙碱性系列，具有强过铝质花岗岩的特征，暗示着本区在早白垩世时期发生过同碰撞事件。这一研究成果为冈底斯地区早白垩世时期发生地壳缩短增厚提供了新证据。     

西秦岭天水地区关子镇中基性岩浆杂岩体锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

西秦岭天水关子镇地区新确定的流水沟变质中基性岩浆杂岩体主要由变质辉长岩-辉长闪长岩-闪长岩组成,地球化学特征显示其形成于岛弧构造环境。变质中基性岩浆杂岩的TIMS法锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为(507.5±3.0)Ma,表明西秦岭北带岛弧型岩浆岩的形成时代为晚寒武世,反映以关子镇蛇绿岩为代表的古洋盆的俯冲作用和形成火山-岩浆岛弧的时限可能为晚寒武世或稍早。     

瓮安生物群中海绵化石的新证据

近年来笔者依据现存的瓮安生物群中一些海绵及动物胚胎化石标本的研究，对那些可能的球形海绵体及有争议的海绵幼虫标本进行了简略的评述。本文提供的保存完好的具单轴骨针的球形海绵体化石及可能的海绵幼虫标本，对于陡山沱期出现海绵动物的推测提出了新的证据。     

Simulation of Turbulent Flow Inside and Above Wind Farms: Model Validation and Layout Effects

A recently-developed large-eddy simulation framework is validated and used to investigate turbulent flow within and above wind farms under neutral conditions. Two different layouts are considered, consisting of thirty wind turbines occupying the same total area and arranged in aligned and staggered configurations, respectively. The subgrid-scale (SGS) turbulent stress is parametrized using a tuning-free Lagrangian scale-dependent dynamic SGS model. The turbine-induced forces are modelled using two types of actuator-disk models: (a) the ‘standard’ actuator-disk model (ADM-NR), which calculates only the thrust force based on one-dimensional momentum theory and distributes it uniformly over the rotor area; and (b) the actuator-disk model with rotation (ADM-R), which uses blade-element momentum theory to calculate the lift and drag forces (that produce both thrust and rotation), and distributes them over the rotor disk based on the local blade and flow characteristics. Validation is performed by comparing simulation results with turbulence measurements collected with hot-wire anemometry inside and above an aligned model wind farm placed in a boundary-layer wind tunnel. In general, the ADM-R model yields improved predictions compared with the ADM-NR in the wakes of all the wind turbines, where including turbine-induced flow rotation and accounting for the non-uniformity of the turbine-induced forces in the ADM-R appear to be important. Another advantage of the ADM-R model is that, unlike the ADM-NR, it does not require a priori specification of the thrust coefficient (which varies within a wind farm). Finally, comparison of simulations of flow through both aligned and staggered wind farms shows important effects of farm layout on the flow structure and wind-turbine performance. For the limited-size wind farms considered in this study, the lateral interaction between cumulated wakes is stronger in the staggered case, which results in a farm wake that is more homogeneous in the spanwise direction, thus resembling more an internal boundary layer. Inside the staggered farm, the relatively longer separation between consecutive downwind turbines allows the wakes to recover more, exposing the turbines to higher local wind speeds (leading to higher turbine efficiency) and lower turbulence intensity levels (leading to lower fatigue loads), compared with the aligned farm. Above the wind farms, the area-averaged velocity profile is found to be logarithmic, with an effective wind-farm aerodynamic roughness that is larger for the staggered case.     

Velocity and Surface Shear Stress Distributions Behind a Rough-to-Smooth Surface Transition: A Simple New Model

A simple new model is proposed to predict the distribution of wind velocity and surface shear stress downwind of a rough-to-smooth surface transition. The wind velocity is estimated as a weighted average between two limiting logarithmic profiles: the first log law, which is recovered above the internal boundary-layer height, corresponds to the upwind velocity profile; the second log law is adjusted to the downwind aerodynamic roughness and local surface shear stress, and it is recovered near the surface, in the equilibrium sublayer. The proposed non-linear form of the weighting factor is equal to ln(z/z ₀₁)/ln(δ _i /z ₀₁), where z, δ _i and z ₀₁ are the elevation of the prediction location, the internal boundary-layer height at that downwind distance, and the upwind surface roughness, respectively. Unlike other simple analytical models, the new model does not rely on the assumption of a constant or linear distribution for the turbulent shear stress within the internal boundary layer. The performance of the new model is tested with wind-tunnel measurements and also with the field data of Bradley. Compared with other existing analytical models, the proposed model shows improved predictions of both surface shear stress and velocity distributions at different positions downwind of the transition.