山地制度建设试验与思考

本试验针对怀化地区山地制度建设问题,通过建立山地档案制度,使山地产权制度、使用权流转制度和山地开发管理制度更趋规范化、科学化,消除由于流转不规范而影响山地开发的隐患,对促进山地的集中,规模开发和利用,提高山地生产力取得了明显的成效。     

武汉市碳排放的测算及影响因素分解研究

研究基于14个主要方面碳源,测算了武汉市1996—2009年碳排放量。发现自1996年以来武汉市碳排放呈现"平稳—上升—平稳"的三阶段特征。进一步基于LMDI模型分解碳排放的影响因素,结果表明,能源结构、能源效率因素对碳排放量具有一定抑制作用,但效果不够显著且波动性较强,1997—2009年与基期相比,能源结构、能源效率因素分别累计实现了0.95%,11.30%的碳减排;而经济因素与人口规模因素则对碳排放具有较强推动作用,分别累计产生了64.65%,19.65%的碳增量。最后,据此提出推进武汉市碳减排的对策建议。     

区域旅游发展的生态安全系统分析——-以内蒙古自治区四子王旗为例

旅游发展有时会给目的地带来负面影响, 为了诊断其整体发展水平, 采用“压力―状态―响应”框架模型, 以内蒙古自治区四子王旗为例, 来分析区域旅游生态系统的安全状态。从旅游生态环境压力、旅游生态环境质量和 旅游生态环境保护整治及建设能力3 个方面来考虑, 根据层次分析法原理及各评价指标间的相互关系, 构建层次 结构模型, 和23 个指标。经过对评价指标不安全指数值的计算和标准值的确定以及指标权重值的确定, 再利用各 指标的不安全度公式和总体生态系统不安全度公式计算出旅游生态系统处于较不安全状态, 并讨论了甄别各因子 对生态系统的限制程度的方法, 对区域旅游发展的生态系统安全分析具有现实意义。     

宁夏闽宁镇生态移民社区空间动态演化类型、特征与影响因素研究

社区空间演化是近年来学术界持续关注的热点问题之一。利用社区动态演化集团渗透法（Clique Percolation Method）及叠置分析法,探究了宁夏闽宁镇生态移民社区空间动态演化类型、特征及影响因素,结果表明：① 生态移民社区主要存在增长、融合、延续、新生等空间动态演化类型;② 社区空间演化特征总体表现为由零散到集中,由不规则到规则几何图形,演化过程处于正向演化状态且符合中国民族分布特点;③ 社区空间动态演化影响因素主要有政策、自然环境、产业发展状况和地缘关系。     

Influencing factors for formation of urban and rural spatial structure in metropolis fringe area—Taking Shuangliu County of Chengdu in China as a case

With rapid urbanization process, the pace of urban sprawl has been quickened and most metropolises have experienced expansions in leaps and bounds in suburbanization, which has greatly changed the urban and rural spatial structure of the metropolis fringe area. In this paper, Shuangliu County is taken as a case, since it is a typical fringe area of Chengdu Metropolis. Based on Landsat TM images of Chengdu City and Shuangliu County obtained in 1985, 2000 and 2004, characteristics of urban and rural spatial structure in Shuangliu County were analyzed, such as core-periphery spatial structure and some obvious integration trends. Then the influencing factors for the formation of urban and rural spatial structure were identified, including some natural, social, economic and political factors. According to the discussion of this paper, Shuangliu County is undergoing a key transition and reform period. Its formation of urban and rural spatial structure was affected not only by such common factors as the location, natural background, industrial transition, migration, etc., but also by some unique factors such as city planning and policy guidance, which played an important role in accelerating its uneven spatial structure. The understanding of the role of the influencing factors would be useful for carrying out spatial management and development planning of metropolis fringe area.     

Properties and organic activation of ocean clay in the East Pacific

In order to make use of ocean clay reasonably and excavate its potential applications the properties of ocean clay in Chinese investigating area of the East Pacific have been tested with the chemical analysis, XRFS, ICP/MAS, granulometry and SSA, etc. The results show that the clay sediments of this area are rich in clay minerals, fine granularity, bigger SSA, bigger water absorbability and lower ion changing ability etc. To improve the adaptability of ocean clay and macromolecule materials, using the dry milling method with silane, aluminate, stearic acid coupling agents etc the properties of ocean clay are improved. The effect has been evaluated by testing the water absorbing of the modified ocean clay and their dispersing in paraffin liquid. The result is that KH550 is better than any other active reagents, and the best activation technics is that 1.5% (volume) of KH550 quantity, 20min of milling time. The DTA, XRD, SEM and IR analyses and SSA testing show that the organic activation can not change the mineral structure but can densify the structure of clay, and activation mechanism is chemical covered mainly and chemical combined secondly.     

药品管理程序设计

为使药品管理摆脱繁琐的手工操作,减少差错,提高效率,用微机替代手工操作,实现药品管理系统化、程序化、自动化。本设计较好地实现了上述目标。     

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我国全新世泥炭α纤维素稳定碳同位素记录的对比与分析

泥炭是古气候研究的宝贵材料,α纤维素稳定碳同位素（δ¹³C_cell）是泥炭古气候研究的常用代用指标。我国已有数个地点报道了全新世泥炭全样或单种植物δ¹³C_cell记录,对这些记录的古气候解译存在明显冲突。结合相应的孢粉和植物残体证据,对这些记录进行综合对比,结果发现：高山草地植被带和内陆干旱区荒漠草原植被带当中的泥炭地,全新世期间的原地植物种属构成相对稳定且未发生显著变化,因此其δ¹³C_cell记录具有较为明显的长期变化趋势,其古气候解译也更为可靠;森林植被带和林草交互带当中的泥炭地,全新世期间的原地植物种属构成发生过显著变化（如木本植物入侵）,这可能是造成其全新世δ¹³C_cell记录长期趋势不明显或其古气候指示意义复杂难解的主要原因。这些结果显示了泥炭地的原地植物种属构成,对相应δ¹³C_cell记录的古气候解译的重要影响。同时也表明,无论是泥炭δ¹³C_cell研究地点的选择,还是泥炭δ¹³C_cell记录的古气候解译,都需重视其来源植物种属构成和变化。对于全新世泥炭δ¹³C_cell古气候研究,建议开展针对性的现代过程研究,尤其是优势泥炭植物种属的δ¹³C_cell在时间序列上的现代过程研究,以提供可靠的古气候解译基础。

     

张家界水环境演变与旅游发展关系

通过实地监测并全面分析张家界国家森林公园水环境演变趋势，发现金鞭溪水质下降最为明显，而且随着游客的逐年增多，呈现出加速恶化的趋势。金鞭溪水质恶化主要表现为蓝藻，绿藻迅速繁殖，感官质量下降，主要原因是上游接待区锣鼓塔排出的污水中总磷超标，通过建立基于环境脆弱因子的动态阈值模型，计算得出：在不超出张家界景区最为脆弱的环境因子－金鞭溪水质标准：总磷≤0．02前提下，金鞭溪上游接待区住宿设施生态阈值，春季临界床位数1186，夏季为3057，冬季为545，秋季为333。