石灰华的生物成因研究——以四川九寨沟和贵州黄果树等地石灰华为例

通过考察与实验室显微观察研究,发现四川九寨沟和贵州黄果树等岩溶区的石地表面及表层以及尚水完全固结的部位,都附生有生长中的微生物（蓝藻等）种类及尚处在活动期的微生物（蓝藻等）藻席;以以下完全固结的部位,则发育了成层加积的微生物（蓝藻等）层纹结构。由此认为这种石灰华是生物成因的,其发生和形成过程受微生物（蓝藻等）作用控制,即微生物（蓝藻等）的“裂点”附生及沉积。文中还初步提出研究区微生物（蓝藻等）起控     

High-temperature phase transition and local structure of a hydrous anorthoclase

The in situ Raman spectra of a hydrous anorthoclase at temperatures of 20–800 °C have been measured using a LABRAM-HR spectrometer and Linkam TS 1500 heating stage. The frequencies of modes at 54, 99, 130 and 162 cm^?1 related to M–O vibrations decrease sharply and then increase drastically or keep steady at temperatures above 200 °C. A knee point can be clearly seen at about 200 °C for those modes. The frequency of the mode at 282 cm^?1 shows little temperature dependence. However, for the two strongest modes at 471 and 512 cm^?1, the frequencies decrease linearly with increasing temperature. From evolution of the frequencies of modes at 54, 99, 130 and 162 cm^?1 with temperature, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) The distance of the local M–O bond shortens rather than lengthens at temperatures above 200 °C; (2) The abrupt changes of the local structure of M site induce a collapse of the framework structure and displacive phase transition at 200 °C; and (3) The H atoms incorporated in anorthoclase are located at the M site. These results are indicative for the structure and properties of anorthoclase at deep earth conditions.     

Dating Methods of Cold-water Corals and Their Application in Reconstructing Carbon-reservoir Ages of Intermediate and Deep Oceans

Establishing a precise chorology is a critical issue when employing cold-water coral as paleoenvironmental archives. Currently, U-Th, ¹⁴C and ²¹⁰Pb dating techniques are the most frequently used methods. The high-magnesium calcite skeleton of bamboo coral has clear growth bands, which is appropriate for ¹⁴C and ²¹⁰Pb dating methods and holds a great potential to be high-resolution archives of mid-to-deep ocean evolution. Aragonitic stony coral is appropriate for both U-Th and ¹⁴C dating methods, which is valuable in paleoceanographic research. Because the U-Th method can provide the absolute chronology of coral samples, it can further be used to calculate the ¹⁴C age of ocean carbon reservoirs. Therefore, U-Th and ¹⁴C dating results of stony coral are currently the most reliable data for exploring the evolution of ocean carbon reservoirs through the Last Glacial Maximum to the present. It has been found that the ¹⁴C ventilation ages of intermediate water masses of the equatorial Atlantic and Southern Ocean significantly decreased at the end of the Heinrich Stadial 1. This suggests a massive carbon transfer from deep oceans to the atmosphere, or the Atlantic intermediate depths were ventilated by the southern- and the northern-sourced water masses, respectively, before and after the Heinrich Stadial 1.     

我国首次发现方锑金矿

方锑金矿在我国湖南平江杨山庄金矿床中首次发现。共生矿物有:自然金、辉锑矿、自然锑、毒砂、黄铁矿、车轮矿等。颗粒极细小,直径为0.02—0.05mm,灰黑色,暗淡光泽,不透明,无解理,显微硬度211—246kg/mm~2(20g)。反射色为白色,均质,反射率:63.29(405nm),63.04(480nm),63.00(546nm),62.57(589nm),61.86(656nm)。三个不同颗粒方锑金矿电子探针分析结果:Au 43.04,43.01,42.96;Sb 56.96,56.99,57.04。化学式;Au_(0.93)Sb_2。X射线粉晶分析主要谱线:3.34(60),2.99(70),2.722(60),2.362(70),2.010(100)。     

地下水水质实时预报系统开发及应用——以下辽河平原为例

地下水数值模拟需要大量的监测数据作为支撑,数据的录入耗时耗力,存在出错的可能,且不能第一时间进行实时快速预报。采用VB语言编程技术,以识别和验证后的下辽河平原地下水流数值模型和地下水溶质运移数值模型为基础,重新编译后的MF2K和MT3DMS为内核计算程序,Microsoft SQL Server 2000为数据库,开发了模型与地下水实时监测系统的接口,集成建立了下辽河平原地下水水质实时预报模型,并开发了操作界面下的操作系统,实现了下辽河平原地下水水质的实时预报功能。该系统将地下水实时监控技术与地下水数值模拟技术结合,操作简便、时效性强、出错概率小,能够实时获取地下水水位、水质监测数据,对地下水流场和地下水溶质浓度场的演化进行快速预报。同时,本系统预留了更新接口,可根据逐步积累的地下水监测数据和系统计算数据进行进一步验证,不断提高系统预报的精度。     

成武县节约集约用地破解用地难题

成武县土地总面积988．21km^2,总人口63万,耕地面积70683．72hm^2,近年来,随着招商引资力度的加大,土地需求量直线上升,土地供需矛盾日益突出。为此,成武县国土资源局党组多次召开会议进行研究,加强政策学习,不断更新用地观念,科学决策,着力盘活存量,内涵挖潜,走节约集约用地之路,努力寻找破解制约经济发展“瓶颈”的良策妙方,积极拓宽经济发展空间,保障了建设用地需求,走出了一条节约、集约用地,促进经济发展的新路子。     

内蒙古林西地区上二叠统林西组沉积环境与演变

内蒙古东部林西地区上二叠统林西组沉积环境存在争议。鉴于此,笔者在前人研究基础上,通过详实的野外观测与室内鉴定,依据古生物、沉积构造与岩相、地球化学等资料,对林西组沉积环境进行研究;从钙藻、苔藓虫、海绵等海相生物化石、B/Ga值、碳氧同位素和沉积结构构造等方面,认为林西组主体为海相,存在海陆过渡相。林西组沉积环境可划分为三角洲前缘、滨海、浅海和半深海。生物礁主要为蓝绿藻粘结礁和藻粘结骨架礁,指示滨海—浅海环境。林西组沉积环境主要经历了滨海、半深海、三角洲前缘、浅海和滨海的演变,沉积盆地演化分为抬升—断陷—快速充填—稳定沉陷—稳定充填5个阶段。     

东昆仑造山带东段下中三叠统研究进展

东昆仑造山带东段下中三叠统包括下三叠统洪水川群和中三叠统闹仓坚沟组.根据实体化石和遗迹化石的研究, 结合区域上的岩性对比, 将洪水川群划分为3个岩性单元, 即底部砂砾岩段、中部灰岩夹砂岩段和上部砂板岩段, 属于下三叠统印度阶和奥伦尼克阶.闹仓坚沟组包括闹一段砂砾岩和闹二段砂板岩, 从中三叠统早安尼锡期延续到中安尼锡期.砂岩的常量元素分析结果表明, 大部分砂岩为杂砂岩, 属于复理石盆地的浊积岩范畴; 砂岩稀土元素的特征值接近于活动大陆边缘和大陆岛弧元素的参数值.      

藏东南冰湖溃决泥石流形成的气候因素与发展趋势

冰湖溃决泥石流是高山冰湖溃决洪水引起的突发性泥石流,是一种自然灾害现象,对藏东南社会、经济危害严重。文中根据实地调查及相关资料,分析了气温和降水对冰湖溃决和冰湖溃决泥石流的影响以及冰湖溃决泥石流年内和年际的形成规律,并认为冰湖的溃决往往是由于异常气候条件造成的,冷湿的气候环境有利于冰川的积累。当气候转为湿热或干热,特别是气候突变异常年代,最易引起冰湖溃决泥石流。受西藏气候变化的影响,未来40年藏东南冰湖溃决泥石流的发展趋势呈抛物线"∩"型。     

右江盆地二叠纪生物礁层序地层学研究

通过右江盆地二叠纪生物礁层序地层研究表明,在海平面升降旋回的各个时期,均有生物礁的发育,并呈现各自特征的层序内部构型及成因格架。低水位礁仅发育于台盆背景,以加积丘礁或点礁为特色,常与混屑浊积岩、硅灰岩、硅泥岩共生;陆棚边缘礁发育于台盆和斜坡背景,与低水位期的相比,礁体较大,数量较多,因为该期相对稳定的底质和水动力条件对生物礁的萌生更具诱导作用;海侵期表现为伴随海平面向陆超覆而形成的向陆年轻化的海侵型台盆礁、斜坡礁、台缘礁、台内礁组合,具加积-退积型堆积序列,礁顶发育硬底、生物挠动面、海底熔蚀面、淹没面、水下中止面等,礁盖包括硅岩、火山碎屑浊积岩、放射虫岩、骨针岩、深水遗迹相、生物密集层、浮游相灰岩、含锰磷酸盐灰泥岩等,生长方式主要是追补式和中止式,以宝塔礁、链状礁、点礁为主;高水位礁以进积礁、加积礁和混积礁组合为特征,广泛发育于台内、台缘、斜坡、台盆等环境,具向上变浅序列,礁顶发育暴露面、岩溶面、冲刷侵蚀面、钙化壳、白云岩帽等,礁盖主要有残积相、潮坪相、浊积相、丘滩相等,规模大、分布广,以堤礁、环礁、马蹄形礁为主。