南沙群岛海域风场特征--卫星散射计观测资料分析

通过对欧空局提供的ERS卫星微波散射计风场资料的再分析，研究了南沙群岛海域的风场特征，主要包括南沙群岛海域的东北季风和西南季风随纬度的变化以及一年中根据风应力特征划分的4个时期的风应力与风应力旋度的分布特征。     

陕西省城固县桔园乡山地坡面观测及低空探测气象资料的分析

本文通过陕西省城囿县山地实际考察资料的分析,旨在找出冬季山地逆温及暖带的分布规律,并为提高坡地柑桔种植上限高度提供依据,研究指出:当地逆温暖带高度为650—750米,坡地柑桔种植上限高度可达800米左右。     

Flow around sunspots from it p-mode frequency shift measurements

We use five-day helioseimic data from the Taiwan Oscillation Network to study the flow around a sunspot, NOAA 7887. The p-mode oscillations in an annular region centered at the sunspot are decomposed into the modes propagating toward and away from the sunspot. We find that the frequency of an outgoing mode is greater than that of the corresponding incoming mode. This indicates that the plasma is flowing outward from the sunspot. The outflow velocity is estimated to be about 40–80 m s^-1.     

SHEBA flux–profile relationships in the stable atmospheric boundary layer

Measurements of atmospheric turbulence made during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean Experiment (SHEBA) are used to examine the profile stability functions of momentum, φ _m , and sensible heat, φ _h , in the stably stratified boundary layer over the Arctic pack ice. Turbulent fluxes and mean meteorological data that cover different surface conditions and a wide range of stability conditions were continuously measured and reported hourly at five levels on a 20-m main tower for 11 months. The comprehensive dataset collected during SHEBA allows studying φ _m and φ _h in detail and includes ample data for the very stable case. New parameterizations for φ _m (ζ) and φ _h (ζ) in stable conditions are proposed to describe the SHEBA data; these cover the entire range of the stability parameter ζ = z/L from neutral to very stable conditions, where L is the Obukhov length and z is the measurement height. In the limit of very strong stability, φ _m follows a ζ ^1/3 dependence, whereas φ _h initially increases with increasing ζ, reaches a maximum at ζ ≈ 10, and then tends to level off with increasing ζ. The effects of self-correlation, which occur in plots of φ _m and φ _h versus ζ, are reduced by using an independent bin-averaging method instead of conventional averaging.     

A TEST OF THREE FITTING CRITERIA FOR MULTIRESPONSE NON-LINEAR MODELING

This work evaluates objective functions for multiresponse non-linear modeling using computersimulations.Tests are performed under a variety of signal-to-noise ratios and noise variance-covariancestructures.The standard error of prediction for the model parameters,computed from 50 trials,is usedfor performance comparisons.The full rank and rank-deficient problems are considered.For the fullrank problem one model was investigated,a first-order two-step consecutive reaction model,and twoobjective functions were considered,the total sum of squares and the determinant criterion.Nodistinction could be made between the two objective functions for this model.For the rank-deficient case two models were investigated,a first-order two-step consecutive reactionas in the full rank case,and a pH titration model described by the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.Three objective functions were investigated for the rank-deficient case,the total sum of squares,aweighted total sum of squares and the determinant criterion.The total sum of squares was found toperform poorly under all conditions tested compared to the weighted total sum of squares and thedeterminant criterion.The determinant criterion was found to perform much better than the other twocriteria when the data have a combination of a low signal-to-noise ratio and high variance-covariancenoise structure.     

The role of the wind-transported dust in slope streaks activity: Evidence from the HRSC data

Slope streaks are gravity-driven albedo features observed on martian slopes since the Viking missions. The debated mechanism of formation could involve alternatively dry granular flow or wet mass wasting. A systematic mapping of slope streaks from the High Resolution Stereo Camera is presented in this paper. Two regions known for their slope streaks activity have been studied, the first one is located close to Cerberus lava flow, and the second one is inside the Olympus Mons Aureole. The statistics of slope streaks shapes measured from orthorectified images confirm previous results from Mars Orbiter Camera surveys. Preferential orientations of slope streaks are reported. Slope streaks occur preferentially on west facing slopes at latitudes lower than 30° N for Olympus and on south-west facing slopes for Cerberus. Wind directions derived from a General Circulation Model during the dusty season correlate with these orientations. Furthermore, west facing slopes at Olympus have a thicker dust cover. These observations indicate that slope streaks are dust avalanches controlled by the preferential accumulation of dust in the downstream side of the wind flow. The paucity of slope streaks at high latitudes and their preferential orientation on south-facing slopes have been presented as an evidence for a potential role of H₂O phase transition in triggering or flow. The potential role of H₂O cannot be ruled out from our observations but the dust avalanche model together with the atmospheric circulation could potentially explain all observations. The role of H₂O might be limited to a stabilizing effect of dust deposits on northward facing slopes at intermediate latitudes (30° N-33° N) and on all slopes further north.     

Stratigraphy of the Caloris basin,Mercury

The 1300-km-diameter Caloris impact basin is surrounded by well-defined ejecta units that can be recognized from more than 1000 km, radially outward from the basin edge. A formal rock stratigraphic nomenclature is proposed for the Caloris ejecta units, which are collectively called the Caloris Group. Each of the individual formations within the Group are described and compared to similar rock units associated with the lunar Imbrium and Orientale basins. A crater degradation chronology, linked the the Caloris event, is also proposed to assist in stratigraphic correlation on a Mercury-wide basis.     

含金毒砂中晶格金的确定及其形成机理研究

利用电子探针(EPMA)和高分辨透射电子图像(HRTEM)分析技术,对湖南黄金洞金矿含金毒砂进行了背散射电子图像、X-射线面扫描、定量微区分析、线分析以及高分辨晶体结构观测等综合研究。结果表明,含金毒砂中没有发现纳米级乃至更小粒级的超显微包体金,毒砂晶格完整,无任何“异构体”,Au散布于整个毒砂颗粒中,以晶格金形式存在。此外,金含量在不同的生长环带中有显著变化,表明Au是在毒砂形成过程中进入其晶格的。金的加入导致毒砂晶体结构中(100)面网间距局部变宽,晶胞参数也发生了微弱变化,a轴变长。详细分析认为,Au主要是以Au~(3+)替代Fe~(3+)进入AsS~(3-)八面体空位中的,Eh值变化可能是控制毒砂中晶格金形成的主要因素。     

韧性剪切构造成岩成矿作用及对金矿化的控制--以内蒙古武川县后石花金矿为例

本文以内蒙古中部后石花金矿为例,简述了"韧性剪切构造成岩成矿作用"的新观点.研究表明,韧性剪切成岩过程包括细粒化作用、热流体作用、酸碱交代作用;韧性剪切带这种深层次断裂构造形成过程中,其推覆演化是逐渐减压过程,降压效应和剪切带本身的膨胀渗透作用,引起了剪切带内部积累的能量梯度(压力、温度、物质),导致弥漫于大面积围岩中和下地壳的液体进入韧性剪切带中."节流阀"作用形成韧性剪切成岩成矿热液系统.韧性剪切构造对金矿的控制核心是成岩成矿为统一的热动力系统,早期以成岩为主,中晚期以蚀变和矿化为主.