Initial yield to depth relation for water wells drilled into crystalline bedrock--Pinardville quadrangle, New Hampshire

A model is proposed to explain the statistical relations between the mean initial water well yields from eight time increments from 1984 to 1998 for wells drilled into the crystalline bedrock aquifer system in the Pinardville area of southern New Hampshire and the type of bedrock, mean well depth, and mean well elevation. Statistical analyses show that the mean total yield of drilling increments is positively correlated with mean total well depth and mean well elevation. In addition, the mean total well yield varies with rock type from a minimum of 46.9 L/min (12.4 gpm) in the Damon Pond granite to a maximum of 74.5 L/min (19.7 gpm) in the Permian pegmatite and granite unit. Across the eight drilling increments that comprise 211 wells each, the percentages of very low-yield wells (1.9 L/min [0.5 gpm] or less) and high-yield wells (151.4 L/min [40 gpm] or more) increased, and those of intermediate-yield wells decreased. As housing development progressed during the 1984 to 1998 interval, the mean depth of the wells and their elevations increased, and the mix of percentages of the bedrock types drilled changed markedly. The proposed model uses a feed-forward mechanism to explain the interaction between the increasing mean elevation, mean well depth, and percentages of very low-yielding wells and the mean well yield. The increasing percentages of very low-yielding wells through time and the economics of the housing market may control the system that forces the mean well depths, percentages of high-yield wells, and mean well yields to increase. The reason for the increasing percentages of very low-yield wells is uncertain, but the explanation is believed to involve the complex structural geology and tectonic history of the Pinardville quadrangle.     

《国土空间优化利用与管理》评介

优化国土空间管理是生态文明和"美丽中国"建设的主要任务之一.实施国家生态文明建设战略,要求促进国土空间布局优化和现代空间治理体系的构建.中国地质大学(武汉)金贵教授长期聚焦服务生态文明建设的国土空间优化利用与管理议题,在技术方法和实证应用中取得了一系列有特色的成果.《国土空间优化利用与管理》(科学出版社,2020年)一书紧紧围绕新时期国土空间治理的总体要求,从资源管理、区域经济和人文地理等多领域、交叉融合视角探讨了国土空间优化管理的理论框架、技术方法和实践应用.总体而言,该书主要具有以下特点: 第一,研究主题明确.全书整体论述始终围绕国土空间优化利用与管理内容展开,通过对国土资源评价、布局优化、综合分区和管理决策等多个方面进行详细论述,科学揭示城镇发展、农地保护和生态保育之间的权衡与竞争关系,为国土空间优化"三元悖论"难题提供了自己的解决方案.例如作者提出了国土空间地域单元划定理论方法,拓展了知识与数据驱动一体化的评估方法,实现了国土空间综合功能分区的多尺度集成和多主题融合,综合功能分区更是对主体功能区划体系形成了有效补充.     

《中国城镇化与农业农村发展论》评介

城乡关系是经济社会关系中最重要的关系之一.中国是全球最大的发展中国家,特殊的地理国情、经济基础和制度特点,使得中国城镇化与城乡关系演进更具综合性、复杂性.党的"十九大"报告指出农业农村农民问题是关系国计民生的根本性问题.城乡发展不平衡、乡村发展不充分问题成为当今社会主要矛盾的集中体现.因此,如何处理好现代化进程中的工农...     

Oil well produced water discharges to the North Sea. Part I: comparison of deployed mussels (Mytilus edulis), semi-permeable membrane devices, and the DREAM model predictions to estimate the dispersion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

The oil companies operating in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea have conducted field studies since the mid-1990s to monitor produced water discharges to the ocean. These studies have been used to refine monitoring methods, and to develop and validate a dispersion and impact assessment model. This paper summarizes monitoring data from surveys conducted in two major oil and gas production areas, and compares the results to concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in surface waters predicted by the dose-related risk and effect assessment model (DREAM). Blue mussels and semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were deployed in the Ekofisk and Tampen Regions and analyzed for more than 50 PAH. PAH concentrations in ambient seawater were estimated based on the mussels and SPMD concentrations, and compared to model predictions. Surface water total PAH concentrations ranged from 25 to 350 ng/L within 1 km of the platform discharges and reached background levels of 4-8 ng/L within 5-10 km of the discharge; a 100,000-fold dilution of the PAH in the discharge water. The PAH concentrations in surface water, predicted by three methods, compared well for the Ekofisk Region. The model predicted higher concentrations than the field-based methods for parts of the Tampen Region; particularly the most tidally influenced areas. Tidally-mediated fluctuations in PAH concentrations in surface water must be considered because they affect the estimation of PAH concentrations from mussel and SPMD residue data, and the predictions by the DREAM model. Predictions using mussels, SPMDs, and modeling support and complement each other; all are valuable tools for estimating the fate and impact of chemical contaminants in produced water that are discharged to the ocean.     

黄河流域的综合治理与可持续发展

黄河流域与黄河所经地区在国家发展中具有极为重要的战略地位。2019年9月习近平总书记在郑州主持召开黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展座谈会上发表了重要讲话,具有重大战略意义。本文对黄河流域的综合治理与可持续发展形成了初步认识,指出新时代黄河流域全面深刻转型发展的任务仍然艰巨,需转变理念,持续推进能源清洁高效利用,因地制宜重点推进产业发展,不搞粗放式大开发,搞好资源耕地保护等方面应是推进黄河流域综合治理及保障可持续发展的重要举措,认为“黄河经济带”在全国经济层面上不存在,目前不适宜将“黄河三角洲”确定为国家战略。     

地缘结构:理论基础、概念及其分析框架

借鉴哲学及相关学科、学者对结构主义研究的最新进展,特别是社会理论对社会结构、国际关系学对国际社会结构和地理学对空间结构的研究,探讨了地缘结构的理论基础、概念和分析框架。地缘结构的分析框架包括5部分,即作为构成物的结构、作为过程的结构、结构系统、2个层次和2种作用机制;对地缘结构的每部分及不同部分之间的联系以及如何形成单一的整体结构进行阐述;最后对使用地缘结构存在的一些问题和当前的国际形势进行了简单讨论。     

我国区域政策实施效果与区域发展的基本态势

改革开放以来,在国民经济发展取得巨大汲社会主义市场经济逐步确立的宏观背景下,区域开发与发展问题愈来愈成为各级政府规划决策和学术界关注的重大问题。科学院地理研究所针对区域发展问题开展研究,并每两年编制《中国区域发展报告》,上全国及各地区为国土资源开发与经济发展的重大举措和动态;分析各地区实施的区域发展战略和政策对经济增长,结构改善及生态环境产生的效果,揭示地区经济增长水平和地区间差异的形成机制与变化     

中国城市化水平的综合测度及其动力因子分析

从城市化内涵的人口、经济、社会、土地四个方面,构建中国城市化水平的综合评价指标体系.基于熵值法,对1981-2006年的中国城市化进行综合测度,结果表明中国城市化综合水平持续提高,以经济增长和地域景观的快速演进为主要特征,其次是人口城市化,最后是社会城市化中的医疗水平,其中各子系统有不同的演变特点.多元回归模型分析表明,城市化动力因子呈现多元化特征,市场力是最主要的驱动力,后而依次是内源力、行政力和外向力.从城市化发展阶段上看,市场力、外向力和行政力对城中化综合水平的影响呈上升趋势,而内源力呈明显下降趋势.本文认为,中国城市化主要是内生过程,应强化市场经济体制改革,统筹城乡发展.     

关于“点-轴”空间结构系统的形成机理分析

“点－轴系统”理论建立在“中心地理论”基础之上，但二的理论内容和应用目标是不同的。“点－轴系统”理论在我国国土开发和区域发展实践中取得了巨大的成效。在分析空间聚集和空间扩散导致“点－轴系统”空间结构形成机理的基础上，阐述了“点－轴系统”理论与增长极理论及网络开发模式之间的关系。