Sulfate Attack on Concrete in an Inland Salt Lake Environment

INTRODUCTIONSulfate attack is one of the reasons for concretestructures deteriorating earlier than usual,thusshowing poor durability.The SO42-from the sur-rounding environment such as ocean,saline,groundwater,and even the concrete itself,reacts with thehydration products of cement,whichleads to the de-terioration of the concrete(Li et al.,2000;Kang,1995;Neville,1983;Samarai,1976).The deteriora-tionincludes three processes:the external swelling,cracking,peeling,and disjointing caused by …     

青藏高原羌塘北部托和平错一带二叠系展金组火山岩的特征及构造环境

西藏改则县托和平错地区展金组中发育一套早—中二叠世以玄武岩类为主、玄武安山岩次之、安山岩少量的海相火山岩组合。该火山岩中玄武岩、玄武安山岩的SiO2含量为44.43%～54.87%,TiO2含量多在4%以上,K2O+Na2O平均为4.57%,玄武岩类富K,玄武安山岩富Na。区内火山岩富集K、Ba、Th、Ta、Ce、P、Zr、Sm、Ti、Cr,亏损Rb、Nb、Hf、Sc,Y/Nb在0.322～0.499之间。综合常量元素和微量元素特征,可将该火山岩归入碱性玄武岩系列。区内火山岩从基性到中性稀土元素总量基本没有变化,REE平均为402.31×10-6,LREE/HREE为8.17～12.69,为轻稀土强烈富集型,δEu为0.93～1.04,平均为0.99,无Eu异常,玄武岩的Th/Ta值多数大于1.6。火山岩的地质特征和地球化学特征表明,本区火山岩产出的大地构造环境为冈瓦纳大陆北缘裂谷环境。     

中国煤层气选区评价标准探讨

煤层气选区评价关系到勘探的成功与否,是煤层气勘探研究最基础的工作。近年国内外煤层气成藏理论、开发技术的快速发展,使得低煤阶气藏、连续薄层气藏、高煤阶低渗气藏等都获得成功开发,大大拓宽了煤层气的开发领域。此前国内在中煤阶成藏优势论基础上建立的选区标准已不适合当前的要求。根据当前存在的问题,结合煤层气成藏类型、地质特点和技术现状,对中国煤层气勘探选区评价标准进行了研究,试图建立一套煤层气选区评价标准,以期对国内煤层气选区评价工作提供借鉴。     

近28a河南主要农业气象灾害及其影响

利用河南1978-2005年农作物受灾面积资料和新中国成立以来的产量资料，分析了河南主要农业气象灾害的变化特征和对农业生产的影响，结果表明，28a来河南农作物受灾面积呈上升趋势，其阶段性变化为20世纪70年代后期至80年代前期较少，80年代中后期至21世纪初明显增多，最近几年又明显减少。气候条件对农业生产的影响以50年代最有利，80年代次之，70年代较差，60年代最差。     

不同播期的优质小麦产量结构分析

对不同优质小麦品种不同播期的产量结构分析结果表明：河北-8901的各种产量结构表现出最为稳定的变化规律，即不同的播期处理对最后产量的影响度相对较小；郑麦-9405和郑麦-9023的产量结构在不同的播期表现出较大的波动。     

施秉县牛大场太子参种植栽培的气候条件分析

利用施秉县牛大场中药材种植基地2004-08—2006-12两要素气象自动观测站所观测的气温和降雨资料,根据太子参种植生产所需的关键气象因素以及近10 a来的生产实践经验,详细分析研究了施秉牛大场太子参生产种植基地太子参生产的气候条件的优劣,得出了基地的光温水条件适宜于太子参的种植生产,自然的阴湿条件,有效地降低了太子参种植生产的产出投入比的结论。     

基于Hyperion影像的涩北气田油气信息提取

 对柴达木地区涩北气田地质地理环境下的蚀变矿物进行分析，结合卫星高光谱遥感数据Hyperion的图谱，对已知气田区与背景区光谱特征进行相关分析，确定了932.64~1 346.25 nm与2 002.06~2 385.5 nm为油气信息识别的有利波长范围； 利用光谱角制图（SAM）技术提取了涩北气田油气的空间分布信息和台吉乃尔含气构造等远景区，为高光谱遥感油气勘探提供了有效技术方法与途径。     

Galileo和GPS的几点比较

利用GSSF 2.0软件模拟出Galileo系统全球范围的卫星可见性、GDOP、TDOP、PDOP、HDOP、VDOP值,并与GPS进行了比较。     

Trophic Assessment in Chinese coastal systems-review of methods and application to the Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary and Jiaozhou Bay

Coastal eutrophication has become one of the main threats to Chinese coastal areas during the last two decades. High nutrient loads from human activities have modified the natural background water quality in coastal water bodies, resulting in a range of undesirable effects. There is a need to assess the eutrophic level in coastal systems and to identify the extent of this impact to guide development of appropriate management efforts. Traditional Chinese assessment methods are discussed and compared with other currently-used methods, such as the Oslo-Paris Convention for the Protection of the North Sea (OSPAR) Comprehensive Procedure and Assessment of Estuarine Trophic Status (ASSETS). The ASSETS method and two Chinese methods were tested on two Chinese systems: the Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary and Jiaozhou Bay. ASSETS is process based, and uses a pressure-state-response model based on three main indices: Influencing Factors, Overall Eutrophic Condition, and Future Outlook. The traditional methods are based on a nutrient index. ASSETS was successfully applied to both systems, classifying the Changjiang Estuary as Bad (high eutrophication) and Jiaozhou Bay as High (low eutrophication). The traditional methods led to ambiguous results, particularly for Jiaozhou Bay, due to the high spatial variability of data and a failure to assess the role of shellfish aquaculture in nutrient control. An overview of the Chinese coastal zone identifies 50 estuaries and bays that should form part of a national assessment. A comparison of methods and results suggests that ASSETS is a promising tool for evaluating the eutrophication status of these systems.     

The strength and fractal dimension characteristics of alum–kaolin flocs

Flocs generated by various shear forces exhibit different characteristics of size, strength and structure. These properties were investigated by employing a continuous optical monitoring and a microscope with CCD camera to directly monitor aggregation under six different shear intensities. The floc structure was characterized by the fractal dimension. The results showed that the flocculation index (FI) decreased from 1.16 at 20 rpm to 0.25 at 250 rpm and the floc size decreased from 550 μm to 150 μm, meantime, the FI value showed a good correlation with floc size. In order to determine the floc strength, two methods were used. One was the strength factor, ranging from 18.3% to 62.5%, calculated from FI curve, and the other was a theoretical value between 0.005 N/m² and 0.240 N/m², estimated by calculation. The floc strength increased with the G value in both cases. Furthermore, the fractal dimension increased with G and its value was between 1.30 and 1.63. The relation between fractal dimension and strength was also obtained.