Mango轻烃参数在塔里木原油分类中的应用

根据Ｍａｎｇｏ稳态催化动力学轻烃成因模式所得到的参数可作为塔里木盆地原油分类的有效指标。不同成因原油之间Ｋ２［Ｐ３／（Ｐ２＋Ｎ２）］值有明显的变化,在海相油中其平均值（０．２０～０．２３）较低,陆相油中（０．２９～０．３６）较高,表明该参数与源岩的有机质类型及沉积环境性质有关。Ｎ１６／Ｎ１５和（Ｎ１６＋Ｎ１５）／（Ｐ２＋Ｐ３＋Ｎ２）等不同结构类型轻烃化合物的比值能区分海、陆原油。不同成因原油的Ｃ７轻烃组成反映出不同的碳环优势（ＲＰ）,海相原油轻烃富含二甲基环戊烷（５ＲＰ）,而陆相原油以甲基环已烷占优势（６ＲＰ）。     

探地雷达在吉林西部地区探测土壤碱化层

吉林西部盐碱地区的探地雷达调查表明,盐碱地与耕地土的雷达回波具有明显差别,根据振幅的衰减特征可以精确区分耕地与盐碱地,根据频谱中高频峰值与土壤有机质含量的相关性可定性评价土壤的盐碱化程度.在雷达瞬时振幅图上,可将盐碱地纵向剖面分为盐分积累带和过渡带.采用探地雷达方法可快速了解盐碱化程度在深度方向上的变化,适宜开展大面积地面调查.     

Sequence Stratigraphy of the Jurassic Coal Measures in Northwestern China

The sequence stratigraphy of the Jurassic coal measures of northwestern China has been studied based on data from outcrop and borehole sections. Because of the geological background and the diversity of basin types, such as isochronisms of coal seams and recognition of key sequence boundaries, it is rare to summarize and correlate sequence structure and framework. The types and recognition characteristics of the sequence boundaries of the Jurassic coal measures are revealed by comparing climatic characteristics, structural styles and the base level cycle. A total of five third-order sequences and 15 systems tracts have been subdivided and the sequence stratigraphic framework has been reconstructed confirming that the thick coals accumulated in the late stage of transgression system tracts of sequence I (SQ I) and sequence III (SQ III). This idea is of important academic significance for instructing coal resources exploration, and enhancing geological effects of prospecting engineering. It is also of practical significance for guaranteeing construction of the large-scale coal production base in northwestern China, accelerating the westward development of the coal industry stratagem.     

A Combined-Power Model for the Distribution of Axial Force in Shaft Anchor along Its Length

INTRODUCTIONThe anchorage of geomaterial , including shaftanchors and prestressed tendons ,is usually used ingeotechnical engineering. Owing to various advanta-ges ,these two anchorage types are widely used instructures in China ( Cao et al ., 2003 ; Fu et al .,1999 ;Lu et al .,1998 ; Li et al .,1995) . Shaft an-chors can be classifiedinto three kinds by the forceinthe shaft and cement grout :tensile ,press ,and sheartype (Lu et al .,1998) . The tensile type is the mostpopular in China…     

沧参1井石炭,二叠纪地层粘土矿物年代学研究

笔者对沧参1井石炭、二叠纪地层中的粘土矿物特征进行研究,并对不同深度的粘土矿物进行了K－Ar、40Ar－39Ar及Rb－Sr法同位素地质年龄测定,得出至少存在三期伊利石的结论;碎屑伊利石,年龄为400Ma左右,在235—243Ma时受到热扰动;海西期末一印支早期形成的高温伊利石,其年龄为214—234Ma,在145Ma时经受一次热扰动;早侏罗世时期形成的伊利石,年龄为180Ma左右,分布比较普遍。这一研究结果无疑将有助于深入探讨区域地热场的演化,以及进一步研究有关地层的生、储油气能力。     

柴达木盆地西北古近系-新近系异常高压形成机制分析

柴达木盆地西北(以下简称“柴西北区”)古近系-新近系异常超压普遍存在。对超压的空间分布特征和形成机制的研究是评价该地区油气成藏条件与资源潜力的关键。依据柴西北区钻井实测压力数据及基于等效深度法计算的地层压力结果,对研究区异常高压的平面和剖面分布特征进行分析。在此基础上,结合柴西北区典型钻井泥岩声波时差曲线特征、不同时期沉积速率、各地层岩性特征、有机质生烃潜力及柴西北地区遭受的构造挤压作用,对研究区超压的形成机制进行分析,并对各控制要素在超压形成过程中的贡献进行定量评价。研究结果表明：柴西北区地层超压起始深度位于大约1 500 m,主要发育在古始新统路乐河组-中新统上干柴沟组内,总体上异常高压随深度加深逐渐增大。研究区超压的形成是多种因素综合作用的结果,其中欠压实作用、有机质生烃和构造挤压作用是该区超压形成演化的重要原因。对控制超压形成的各要素定量评价结果显示：欠压实作用是柴西北区超压形成的最重要控制因素,其贡献率高达60%;构造挤压作用次之,其贡献率在20%～30%左右;有机质生烃演化作用对超压形成也有影响,但贡献率相对较小。此外对柴西北区咸湖环境下的盐度分布特征研究初步表明,地层孔隙流体盐度和咸水半咸水环境下沉积的含盐塑性地层对超压的形成和保存也有一定的影响。     

Zircon U–Pb ages and O–Nd isotopic composition of basement rocks in the North Qinling Terrain, central China: evidence for provenance and evolution

The Qinling Group was previously interpreted as the oldest Precambrian basement unit of the North Qinling Terrain, recording its formation and early crustal evolution. The Qinling Group consists predominantly of gneisses, amphibolites, and marbles, which underwent multi-phase deformation and metamorphism. In order to better constrain the provenance and tectonic setting of this group and the evolution of the North Qinling orogenic belt, in situ U–Pb dating and oxygen isotopic analysis of zircons in combination with whole-rock geochemistry and Sr–Nd isotope analysis was performed on the two dominant rock types, amphibolite and felsic gneiss. Felsic gneisses exhibit enrichment of LREEs and LILEs (Rb, Ba, Th, K, Pb), negative Eu anomalies and depletion of HFSEs (Nb, Ta, P, Ti). The rocks have slightly elevated δ¹⁸O values (6.5–9.3 ‰) and initial ε _Nd values of ?4.6 corresponding to two-stage Nd model age of 1.99 Ga. Amphibolites are also enriched in LILEs and LREEs and depleted in Nb and Ta and have homogeneous δ¹⁸O values (5.0–6.0 ‰), but higher initial ε _Nd values (2.8–3.3) and younger two-stage Nd model ages (1.29–1.24 Ga) compared to the gneisses. The zircon age record indicates that the gneisses and amphibolites were formed in a ~960 Ma volcanic arc environment rather than in a rift setting as previously suggested. A major metamorphic event took place during the Early Paleozoic. Based on the age spectrum of detrital zircons, the Qinling Group is interpreted as an autonomous geological unit, which was mainly derived mostly from 1,000 to 900 Ma old granitoid rocks. The North Qinling Terrain can be regarded as a remnant of the Grenville orogenic belt with an early Neoproterozoic evolution different from that of the North and South China blocks.     

大兴安岭中南段中生代成矿物质的深部来源与背景

大兴安岭是我国北方一个重要的多金属成矿带。本文从成矿的物质来源和构造作用两方面讨论大兴安岭的成矿系统。Sr、Nd、O、Pb同位素的研究显示大兴安岭成矿物质的深部来源,大兴安岭晚中生代壳幔混熔花岗质岩石组成及其构造环境的研究,表明它们是在板内非造山的伸展环境下形成的A型花岗岩。与南岭花岗岩及其成矿作用的对比研究,将加深对大兴安岭中生代成矿特征的认识。深部构造特征也进一步印证了大兴安岭的成岩-成矿的背景。     

黄土地区公路崩塌危险性简易快速评价方法探讨马保成,范丽晓,田伟平

公路黄土崩塌灾害在陕北黄土地区多发、易发,给当地公路交通建设和运营造成严重危害。结合陕北$302（榆林至佳县）沿线典型路段黄土边坡的现场调研,研究公路崩塌灾害简易快速评价方法,对灾害科学评判及减灾具有重要的工程意义。首先,分析了影响黄土崩塌灾害的因素,并通过专家咨询法和相对比较评分法提取了4个关键因子作为识别指标,即破坏阶段、坡度、崩塌规模和坡高;其次,给各个识别指标赋以相应权重,对公路黄土崩塌危险性进行初步综合评价,并以K66＋100～K66＋650路段为例进行实例检验,为快速识别评价公路黄土崩塌提供了一种方法。     

陆相断陷盆地深部碎屑岩成岩演化及控制因素:以东营断陷盆地古近系孔店组为例

通过岩石薄片、扫描电镜、镜质体反射率、X衍射、物性分析等资料,对东营断陷盆地古近系孔店组成岩演化及控制因素进行详细研究。研究结果表明:东营断陷盆地孔店组典型成岩现象有强烈压实作用、硬石膏胶结、多期次碳酸盐胶结、多期次粘土矿物胶结、硅质强烈胶结、矿物强烈穿插交代、碎屑颗粒和胶结物的溶解作用;其中,压实作用是引起深部碎屑岩强烈致密化的主要原因;硬石膏胶结、碳酸盐胶结、硅质胶结是引起致密化的又一重要原因;长石、碳酸盐胶结物的溶解作用是引起该地区储层改善的主要成岩因素;成岩演化经历了准同生期-中成岩B期,部分达到晚成岩期的演化过程,成岩演化过程控制了深部碎屑岩孔隙演化;并推断原始干旱-半干旱沉积环境、基准面变化、深埋藏环境、构造-岩浆活动是控制成岩及孔隙演化的主要因素。