中国地球物理学研究面临的机遇、发展空间和时代的挑战

在21世纪的今天,中国正处于快速工业化、经济腾飞和科学技术突飞猛进的进程中,地球物理学面临巨大的机遇,展现出多维的发展空间,同时也面临着严峻的挑战.为此,国家战略需求和自主创新已成为中华民族能否独立于世界民族之林的最强音！在这前提下,地球物理学家就必须超越已有的框架,穿过地平线,全方位的研究、探索、揭示、发现地球内部的奥秘.必须清晰地认识到新世纪里地球物理学的发展导向,即地球物理学的前沿领域和深化研究与现代科学技术进步的制约;地球物理学必须牢牢地把握住向高层次的综合研究脉络方能有所发现与突破;地球物理学所面临的机遇、多元发展空间和挑战;地球内部圈层结构与大陆动力学研究的主体内涵和导向.     

Direct constraint on cosmic neutrino mass using observational Hubble parameter data

In order to explore the properties of cosmic neutrinos, i.e. sum of the neutrino mass(∑m_ν) and the effective number of neutrino species(N_(eff)), which affects the Hubble expansion rate H(z)and the power of observational Hubble parameter data(OHD) in constraining cosmological parameters under the ΛCDM model, we utilize OHD to constrain the properties of cosmic neutrinos and apply an accurate H(z) function with mνand Neff. First, we simulate new OHD beyond the existing 43 OHD. According to the predictions of measurements of H_0(the current H(z) value), baryon acoustic oscillations(BAO) peaks, Sandage-Loeb(SL) test and cosmic microwave background(CMB), we assume observational accuracy up to 2% and redshift 0 z ≤5. With simulated H(z) data obtained from the fiducial model, we constrain the parameters including mνand Neff. When all parameters are set free, mν 0.196 eV(95%) and N_(eff)= 2.984 ± 0.826(68%) are obtained, and when fixing Neff as the standard baseline 3.046, we attain ∑m_ν 0.240 eV(95%). These constrained results are much tighter than the ones obtained by the current OHD, which makes the prospect of OHD in constraining cosmological parameters more promising as its accuracy and quantity grow.     

Research on the Application of Fast-steering Mirror in Stellar Interferometers

In stellar interferometers, the fast-steering mirror (FSM) is widely utilized to correct the wavefront tilt caused by the atmospheric turbulence and internal instrumental vibration, because of its high resolution and fast response frequency. In this study, the non-coplanar error between the FSM and the actuator deflection axis introduced by the manufacturing, assembly, and adjustment is analyzed systematically. Via a numerical method, the additional optical path difference (OPD) caused by the above factors is studied, and its effect on the fringe tracking accuracy of a stellar interferometer is also discussed. On the other hand, the starlight parallelism between the beams of two arms is one of the main factors for the loss of fringe visibility. By analyzing the influence of wavefront tilt caused by the atmospheric turbulence on fringe visibility, a simple and efficient real-time correction scheme of starlight parallelism is proposed based on a single array detector. The feasibility of this scheme is demonstrated by a laboratory experiment. The results show that after the correction of fast-steering mirror, the starlight parallelism meets preliminarily the requirement of a stellar interferometer on the wavefront tilt.     

Effect of slow-solvent-vapour treatment on performance of polymer photovoltaic devices

In this work, enhanced poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) bulk-heterojunction photovoltaic devices are achieved via slow-solvent-vapour treatment. The correlations between the morphology of the active layer and the photovoltaic performance of polymer-based solar cell are investigated. The active layers are characterized by atomic force microscopy and optical absorption. The results show that slow-solvent-vapour treatment can induce P3HT self-organization into an ordered structure, leading to the enhanced absorption and efficient charge transport.     

Structural, curvature and electronic properties of Rh adsorption on armchair single-walled carbon nanotube

This paper systematically studies the rolling effects of the (n, n) single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) with different curvatures on Rh adsorption behaviours by using density functional theory. The outside charge densities of SWCNTs are found to be higher than those inside, and the differences decrease with the increase of the tube radius. This electronic property led to the discovery that the outside adsorption energies are higher than the inside ones, and that the differences are reduced with the increase of the tube radius. Partial density of states and charge density difference indicate that these strong interactions induce electron transfer between Rh atoms and SWCNTs.     

Fully Coupled Effects of Hull, Mooring and Risers Model in Time Domain Based on An Innovative Deep Draft Multi-Spar

The coupled hull, mooring and riser analysis techniques in time domain are widely recognized as the unique approach to predict the accurate global motions. However, these complex issues have not been perfectly solved due to a large number of nonlinear factors, e.g. forces nonlinearity, mooring nonlinearity, motion nonlinearity and so on. This paper investigates the coupled effects through the numerical uncoupled model, mooring coupled model and fully coupled model accounting mooring and risers based on a novel deep draft multi-spar which is especially designed for deepwater in 2009. The numerical static-offset, free-decay, wind-action tests are executed, and finally three hours simulations are conducted under 100-year return period of GOM conditions involving wave, wind and current actions. The damping contributions, response characteristics and mooring line tensions are emphatically studied.     

深吃水多立柱平台稳性与水动力分析

在深水平台的设计与分析中,调整某一结构参数提高某一性能的同时,常常受到其他功能或性能上的约束,因此引起了平台各项功能及性能之间的相互竞争。以一种创新的深吃水多立柱平台(Deep Draft Multi-Spar)为目标,探讨平台结构特征参数如立柱直径、立柱高度、立柱间距和压载舱位置与平台稳定性能、水动力及运动性能、结构要求和功能要求之间的关系。水动力分析和响应计算结果显示,随着DDMS平台吃水深度的降低,垂荡、纵摇和纵荡RAOs均逐渐增大,运动性能降低,并与典型的Spar和半潜平台的RAOs进行了比较。     

预修正快速傅里叶变换方法在波浪绕射和辐射问题中应用

在波浪对海上建筑物绕射和辐射问题的计算中,面元法被广泛使用,但由于传统面元法的存储量和计算量均为未知量的平方量级,很难满足大范围多未知量问题的计算需要。采用预修正快速傅里叶变换方法(pFFT方法),使计算量与存储量都降低到未知量的线性量级。以淹没圆球与漂浮圆柱两个典型算例为基础,通过不同未知量时pFFT方法与传统面元法的计算量与存储量的对比,以及pFFT方法自身各步骤计算时间的对比,研究了不同网格方案的选取对pFFT方法计算量和存储量的影响,推荐根据未知量个数采用计算时间最小化原则选取pFFT网格参数。     

多溴联苯醚在海洋生物中的富集及毒性效应评述

多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)作为一种新型的持久性有机污染物,在海洋环境中广泛存在,对海洋生物的影响也日趋加大,因此评价PBDEs的海洋生态效应十分必要.本文在简介海水中PBDEs化学行为的基础上,依次阐述PBDEs在海洋浮游生物、底栖动物、游泳生物体内的富集,其沿海洋生态食物链(网)的传递规律与毒性效应,还展望了PBDEs海洋生态效应今后需加强的研究内容.     

基于分析法经典溢油蒸发模型的改进

针对经典的分析法溢油蒸发模型,对溢油初始沸点温度T0参数和蒸馏曲线梯度TG参数进行了修正,建立了考虑溢油粘度、蜡含量、沥青质等属性的修正公式;基于渤海"冀东32-6"和"绥中36-1"2种油样,对无风速情况下传质系数K2的修正常数R给出了估计范围。初步检验结果表明,改进模型数值结果更接近实验值。