黑潮延伸体邻近区域中尺度涡特征统计分析

本文利用20年的卫星高度计资料,对黑潮延伸体邻近海区(25°—45°N,135°E—175°W)中尺度涡的统计特征以及季节变化进行了统计研究。基于涡旋自动识别方法,共识别出本区域3006个气旋涡轨迹和2887个反气旋涡轨迹,其平均周期分别为9.99周和11.00周,平均半径分别为69.5km和71.8km。长生命周期涡旋的平均半径、涡度、涡动能(EKE)和涡旋能量密度(EI)在生命周期内大致都经历了增大-基本保持不变-减小这三个阶段。绝大多数涡旋沿纬线向西移动,经向移动距离较小,气旋涡和反气旋涡在西向传播过程中都具有明显的向南(赤道)偏离趋势。涡旋的生成数量与总数量均在春夏季达到最多,且这一时期涡旋的平均涡度、EKE、EI处于较高水平。     

海洋发达国家海洋空间规划体系概述

海洋空间规划是重要的海洋空间管理工具,建构海洋空间规划体系是海洋生态文明建设的重要组成部分。文章对英国、比利时、荷兰、德国、挪威、美国、澳大利亚和智利等世界主要海洋发达国家的海洋空间规划体系发展状况进行概述,结果表明:各国已逐步形成基于各自国情、适应海洋行政管理体制的海洋空间规划体系,其中既存在"国家-区域-地方"的层级控制体系,也存在"战略-结构-使用"的内容控制体系,还存在"国家管辖与地方管辖并行"的独立自由型控制体系。可为我国生态文明建设下的海洋空间规划体系研究实践以及开展区域海洋管理工作提供参考。     

东海区国家级海洋保护区环境现状及影响因素分析

文章根据2015—2016年东海区海洋保护区的调查研究资料,对东海区18个国家级海洋保护区环境现状进行分析。结果表明:东海区国家级海洋保护区环境状况总体较好,所有的保护区沉积物质量均符合第一类沉积物质量标准。浙江南麂列岛、福建深沪湾、浙江洞头、福建福瑶列岛、福建长乐、福建崇武、福建湄洲岛、福建厦门和城洲岛等9个保护区水质指标均符合相应的水质要求,其他保护区水质部分指标存在超标现象,超标因子主要是无机氮和活性磷酸盐,自然保护区中二者超标率均为50%,特别保护区中二者超标比率分别为50%和21.4%。水体营养物质过剩和人类活动加剧是东海区海洋保护区面临的主要环境问题。     

深水半潜式平台张拉锚泊系统失效分析

针对深水半潜式平台在极端工况下张拉锚泊系统失效情况,基于板锚失效上拔过程中位移与承载力的关系曲线,提出在AQWA软件中用非线性锚缆模拟板锚走锚过程的方法,对深水半潜式平台张拉锚泊系统在百年一遇工况下断锚、走锚情况的平台响应、锚缆拉锚力及最大缆张力进行分析。研究表明:断锚时各锚链拉力瞬变,平台迅速发生大距离偏移;走锚时随着板锚的拔出各锚链上的拉力逐渐增大,平台位置逐渐偏移,最后达到平衡状态。单缆断锚时,迎浪向5号锚缆拉力最大;单缆断锚且单锚走锚时,3、6号锚缆拉锚力最大。失效缆超过一根时,平台偏移和单缆最大缆张力均超出规范要求,同时其它锚缆最大拉锚力极有可能出现超过板锚极限承载力的情况,最终造成整个锚泊系统破坏。     

辽阳石洞沟水管倾斜短期异常分析

辽阳石洞沟DSQ型水管倾斜仪NS分量自2017年2月19日开始出现N倾短期加速、EW分量自2017年3月27日后出现E倾短期加速、NE分量在2017年4月5日后出现E倾短期加速异常变化。从仪器观测稳定性、降雨资料和周边干扰调查等方面对资料异常变化进行分析研究,排除人为干扰、降雨干扰、山洞附近环境干扰、仪器主机、数据采集器和放大器等问题,认定NS向为2017年2月19日更换N端防雷设备造成短期加速影响,而EW向和NE向为前兆异常,但由于仪器脚底螺丝生锈较为严重,导致该仪器的异常信度较低。     

Spatial Variability of Nitrate and Ammonium in Pleistocene Aquifer of Central Yangtze River Basin

It becomes increasingly important and challenging for nitrogen pollution prevention to identify key controls for spatial variability of nitrogen in groundwater that could be affected by multiple factors, including anthropogenic input, groundwater flow, and local geochemistry. This study characterized spatial variability of both nitrate and ammonium in the Pleistocene aquifer of central Yangtze River Basin and assessed the effect of various factors in controlling nitrate and ammonium levels based on multiple statistical approaches (correlation, geostatistics, multiple liner regression). The results indicate that nitrate is mostly influenced by Cl⁻ that represents anthropogenic input, while Eh representing local redox state is a secondary variable influencing nitrate concentrations. The groundwater with elevated nitrate concentrations are estimated to occur mainly in areas with higher-permeability near-surface sediments which can facilitate more anthropogenic nitrate transport and less nitrate removal owing to more oxidized state. Ammonium is mostly correlated to Eh, followed by dissolved organic carbon (DOC), but only DOC improves significantly the accuracy of co-kriging prediction model. The groundwater with elevated ammonium concentrations are estimated to occur mainly in areas with more organic-rich sediments within or around the aquifer which can facilitate more ammonium release owing to natural organic matter consumption accompanying strong reducing conditions. The regional groundwater flow is not a factor significantly controlling nitrate or ammonium levels owing to flat topography and sluggish lateral flow.     

含小断层煤层Rayleigh型槽波波场和频散分析

煤层隐伏小断层在煤田地质勘探期间能否查明,是影响煤矿安全生产的主要地质因素.煤层中传播的地震槽波,非常适用于探测煤田异常构造.本文利用谱元法模拟计算了含断层模型Rayleigh型地震槽波的产生、传播过程,对于直达槽波、反射槽波、透射槽波进行了波场特征分析,频散特征分析,频谱特征分析.根据不同小落差断层模型（垂直断距分别为1/4、1/2、3/4、1个煤厚;断层倾角分别为90°、60°、45°）,分析了Rayleigh型槽波传播过程中断层对反射槽波、透射槽波能量、频谱的影响效应.基于以上分析,对于小断层模型中的Rayleigh型地震槽波取得了一些规律性认识,并对Rayleigh型地震槽波的勘探应用做了一些探讨.     

基于GPS的人工地震测深零时仪研制

在人工地震测深野外数据观测系统中,通过人工爆破激发地震波,利用布设在测线观测点位上的地震仪采集来自地壳上地幔的地震波震相信息来进行地震成像,获得研究区地壳上地幔精细结构、深浅部构造关系和发震构造的空间展布特征,进而研究岩石圈演化和动力学过程。为进行后期地震波资料信息的精确处理,需获得人工爆破地震波激发时刻的高精度时间和地理坐标信息。设计一种基于AT89C5115微处理器的GPS同步零时仪装置,介绍其硬件结构设计和固件程序实现方法,授时精度达微秒级,具有人机交互控制和信息数据通信功能。经室内测试和野外实验,零时仪装置运行稳定可靠,能完全满足野外测深工作的需要。     

Hydrogeochemical Evolution of Interaction Between Surface Water and Groundwater Affected by Exploitation

Hydrogeochemical evolution of interactions between surface water and groundwater is crucial for guaranteeing water supply quality in a riverside water source area. This study focuses on the seasonal and spatial characteristics of hydrogeochemical evolution affected by groundwater exploitation in the Hulan water source area using hydrochemical analyses and stable isotope tracers. Results show that the concentrations of major ions and total dissolved solids (TDS) increase considerably during the dry season. A bicarbonate water type is primarily produced by the dissolution of calcite, dolomite and gypsum, as well as the cation exchange and human activities. Along the typical infiltration path, the proportions of surface water increase with proximity to the river from 8%-63% during the wet season to 11%-84% during the dry season, which are attributed to an increased hydraulic gradient by exploitation. The typical path is classified into two zones. The first is the intensive mixing zone (within 1 km) with increasing concentrations of major ions and TDS due to mixing effect. The second is the exploitation influence zone (1-3.3 km) with increased concentrations of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, SO₄²⁻, and HCO₃⁻ during the dry season due to two reasons of seasonal variations in evaporation, stronger water-rock interactions and mixing effects with increased surface water by exploitation.     

鸳鸯镇-凤凰山断裂的断层泥粒度分布与断层活动特征

本文研究断层泥的粒度分布与断层活动特征的关系。断层泥取自西秦岭北缘断裂带的鸳鸯镇-凤凰山断裂。根据分析结果得出该断裂的运动方式以粘滑为主,兼有蠕滑。文中还对该断裂的活动度进行了探讨。