大陆科学钻探先导孔（CCSD—P1）橄榄岩地幔属性及动力学意义

早中生代的扬子大陆向华北大陆的深俯冲碰撞作用以及中、新生代的华北东部岩石圈减薄作用是国际大陆动力学问题研究的两个热点。然而，把它们有机联系起来，探讨深部岩石圈演化动力学过程的研究还很少。报道了中国大陆科学钻探先导孔（CCSD-PP1）橄榄岩的矿物岩石化学分析结果。这些橄榄岩亏损玄武质组分（如低w（CaO＋Al2O3）、高Mg^#等），并经历了中元古代来自软流圈的碳酸岩熔体的交代作用和早中生代的超高压再平衡过程。结合已发表的华北捕虏体橄榄岩资料，对这一橄榄岩的原始地幔属性进行了分析。发现CCSD-PP1橄榄岩与华北古老岩石圈地幔组成相似，是早中生代来自华北岩石圈的构造侵入体。早中生代华北岩石圈的伸展减薄与苏鲁超高压变质岩石的折返提供了早期软流圈物质上涌的构造体制。     

SHRIMP U-Pb zircon age,geochemistry and Nd-Hf isotope of Neoproterozoic mafic dyke swarms in western Sichuan:Petrogenesis and tectonic significance

Neoproterozoic magmatic rocks are widespread in the western margin of the Yangtze block, and their origin and genesis have significant implications for understanding the evolution of the Rodinia super- continent. However, there are currently two opposing interpretations for their petrogenesis and tectonic setting: mantle plume-related and island arc origin. To further verify these two competing models, SHRIMP U-Pb zircon age determinations and geochemical and Nd-Hf isotopic analyses are conducted on the mafic dykes in the Kangdian Rift, western Sichuan. U-Pb dating suggests that these mafic dykes were emplaced at 780―760 Ma, spatially and temporally coeval with the Kangding granitoid complex. The parental magmas of these dykes were derived from a depleted asthenosphere mantle source likely triggered by an anomalously-hot mantle plume. Despite some arc-geochemical features caused by variable degrees of contamination of young island arc crust during magma ascending and emplace- ment, they show general geochemical and Nd-Hf isotopic features similar to those of the intraplate basalts. Our results support the reconstruction model of Rodinia in which the South China block was located between Australia and Laurentia.     

Characteristics of landscape information Tupu of the Yellow River swings and its subdeltas during 1855―2000

Based on the theories and methods of cartography on spatial pattern and temporal evolution in Geo-information Tupu (Carto-methodology in Geo-information, CMGI) and the quantitative measurements of pattern and process in landscape ecology, the methodology of landscape information Tupu in studying the swing process of the Yellow River (YR) over the Yellow River Delta (YRD) during 1855―2000 has been demonstrated. The main content includes (1) methodology of landscape information Tupu; (2) evolution process Tupu of YR rump channels; (3) evolution process Tupu of the 7 pieces of subdeltas in YRD during 1855―2000; (4) landscape information Tupu of the modern YRD and the current YRD; (5) landscape information Tupu of YR rump channels on the 7 pieces of subdeltas during 1855―2000; and (6) corridor-matrix landscape information Tupu by YR swings. The methodology of landscape information Tupu here is still primary but we hope that it could provide a new tool for exploring an integrated research on spatiotemporal approaches for landscape "pattern and process".     

陕西旬阳地区志留系铅锌矿的地质特征及找矿方向

陕西旬阳地区志留系铅锌矿位于南秦岭-大别构造带中部,镇(安)旬(阳)古生代沉积盆地的南缘。铅锌矿带东西长约100km,南北宽10～50km。已初步查明区内铅锌矿含矿层位为中志留统双河镇组和下志留统梅子垭组,圈出了泗人沟-南沙沟、杨柳-任家沟-小沟和长沙-西营-黄石板铅锌(铜)矿带。在矿带内发现20余处铅锌(铜)矿床(点),已获铅锌资源量1Mt以上。矿床(点)单个矿体长75～1400m,平均厚度0.50～14.00m,平均铅品位0.14%～3.69%,平均锌品位0.96%～36.00%。铅锌矿主要受地层、岩性、岩相、构造等诸多因素控制。经预测,本区铅锌资源量在2Mt以上,安康—白河、平利等地区有较好的找矿远景。     

成都经济区农业生态系统土壤镉通量研究

以四川成都经济区农业生态系统中的重金属Cd为对象,对其在土壤中的输入输出通量进行初步探索。综合各方面的因素,确定以大气干湿沉降、灌溉水、化肥为输入途径和农作物为输出途径进行研究。经过计算,经济区大气干湿沉降通量平均值为17.76g/hm2·a,灌溉水和化肥通量明显较低,三者对土壤Cd污染的贡献率分别为86%、10%和4%。对于6个不同的地区,三者比例略有差别,大气干湿沉降所占比例最高达94%,最低也达到了77%。Cd通过农作物收割输出的量相对较小。土壤Cd年净增量主要受大气干湿沉降的制约,因此大气环境质量应是重点监控的对象。以耕作土体为研究介质,经估算,当前的Cd年平均通量可引起土壤Cd的质量分数升高0.006mg/kg。     

三峡库区塌岸预测新方法——岸坡结构法

水库塌岸是三峡库区重大地质灾害之一。通过三峡库区数百段库岸的塌岸地质现场调查和预测分析的基础上,提出了类似三峡这种山区河道型水库的塌岸预测新方法——岸坡结构法(RBSM),并给出了详细的图解方法和预测步骤。同时,开展了二滩、宝珠寺和龚咀三个运行中的类比水库和三峡水库(139m蓄水)的塌岸预测检验,验证结果表明该方法适宜于三峡水库以及类似的山区河道型水库塌岸预测,从而为水库塌岸预测与防治工程提供重要依据。     

CCSD HP-UHP变质岩中磷灰石稀土元素(REE)地球化学及其示踪意义

磷灰石是一种能在UHP变质峰期稳定存在并富含稀土元素(REE)的常见副矿物,其REE组成变化可以对变质过程进行地球化学示踪。本文利用激光剥蚀等离子光谱仪(LA-ICP-MS)对中国大陆科学钻探(CCSD)钻井中及其附近出露的不同变质程度的HP-UHP变质岩(榴辉岩、角闪(片)岩和片麻岩)中的磷灰石进行了REE组成原位测定,结果显示不同围岩中磷灰石的REE组成特征及其相关系数变化很大,其球粒陨石标准化配分曲线可以分为3大类:Ⅰ.轻稀土(LREE)富集型,其REE总量(∑REE)很高,可达n×1000×10~(-6);Ⅱ.中稀土(MREE)富集型,其(La/Sm)_N<1,Eu异常变化较大;Ⅲ.重稀土(HREE)富集型,其配分曲线呈明显的左倾形式,∑REE总量很低,仅为9.228×10~(-6),且具明显的Eu负异常。磷灰石颗粒原位分析显示从边部到中心∑LREE有逐渐升高的趋势,表明了在俯冲折返的过程发生过短时增温作用,并极有可能发生过部分熔融。部分熔融过程中磷灰石中的LREE将与其它大离子半径元素一起优先释放。     

四川省丹巴县滑坡地质灾害分布特征浅析

丹巴县滑坡地质灾害具有①集中分布在断裂带两侧的人口密集区;②在河谷两岸的分布数量相当;③主要集中分布于中等海拔的中等坡度区等特征。滑坡地质灾害的发生主要受控于区域独特的地形地貌(尤其是地形坡度)、强烈的构造运动及日益加剧的人类工程经济活动等因素。     

复杂地质地貌区地球化学异常识别非线性研究

应用现代数学非线性理论与方法对西南地区三江北段恒星错测区1：50000水系沉积物测量数据进行了异常识别的非线性研究。率先尝试用人工免疫算法对地球化学数据降噪，并采用分形含量面积法对降噪数据寻求异常下限，从而弥补传统方法确定异常下限出现的缺陷。在此基础上构造了测区地球化学元素分布的分形插值曲面，做出异常等值线图和异常分形插值图。处理结果令人满意。     

贮存环境对气球升空高度的影响初探

施放高度是高空气象探测五项业务考核指标之一，研究气球贮存环境对探测高度的影响，对提高探测高度服有直接的关系。