模糊层次综合评价在深埋隧道围岩质量分级中的应用

针对现行隧道围岩分类中存在的"模糊性"问题,引进模糊层次分析模型,实现了围岩定性分类向定量分类的转变,经过工程实践取得了良好的效果.首先确定了影响隧道围岩质量的主要因素,如岩块坚硬程度、结构面发育程度、岩石质量指标以及地下水出水特征,然后建立了模糊评价模型,并采用层次分析法确定了各因素的权重,最后针对堡镇铁路隧道围岩采用模糊层次综合评价决策的数学模型所得到的结果对隧道各段岩体质量的级别进行了划分.     

浙东南石平川花岗岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学及构造意义

石平川钾长花岗岩体位于浙江沿海火山岩带的中南部,LA-ICPMS锆石UPb定年结果为102.5±1.2 Ma（MSDW=2.1）,形成于早白垩世末期。岩相学及化学成分显示其属高钾钙碱性岩系,具有高硅富钾和铝低铁、镁、磷和钛特征,SiO2含量为74.79%～77.79%,K2O为4.26%～7.97%,铝指数A/CNK=0.98～1.10,属准铝质—弱过铝质岩石。富集Rb、Th、U和K,亏损Sr、Ba、Nb、P和Ti,REE具有中等负Eu异常（Eu/Eu*=0.33～0.50）,总体呈现LREE富集的右倾“V”型配分模式。岩石\[n（87Sr）/n（86Sr）\]i值为0.70801～0.71012（t=102.5Ma）,εNd（t）值为-8.63～-8.76,显示壳—幔混合成因特征。矿物组成及地球化学特征显示石平川岩体为高演化I型花岗岩。微量元素显示石平川岩体具有后碰撞花岗岩的特征,侵位于早白垩世末期的张性构造环境,其形成可能与印度板块北向漂移所导致的古太平洋板块碰撞弧后引张构造有关。     

双酶法制备低黏度辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠的工艺条件

对双酶法制备用作微胶囊壁材的低黏度辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠的工艺路线与工艺条件进行了研究。正交实验结果表明 ,在酯化淀粉乳质量浓度 2 0 %、每 g淀粉α 淀粉酶的用量为 6SKBU的条件下 ,影响产品性能的各因素中 ,糖化酶的用量对产品的DE值和流度的影响最大 ,各因素的重要性依次是 :糖化酶的用量、糖化酶作用时间、α 淀粉酶保温作用时间。最佳工艺条件是 :α 淀粉酶保温作用时间 4min ,每 g淀粉糖化酶用量 0 .2GAU ,糖化酶作用时间 2 .5h ,此时产品的DE值为 30 ,流度为 80左右     

Deep-seated large-scale toppling failure in metamorphic rocks: a case study of the Erguxi slope in southwest China

Deep-seated large-scale toppling failure presents unique challenges in the study of natural slope deformation process in mountainous regions.An active deep-seated toppling process was identified in the Erguxi slope located in southwest China,which affected a large area and damaged critical transportation infrastructure with the volume of the deforming rock mass exceeding 24×10~6 m~3.It poses significant risks to the downstream Shiziping Hydropower Station by damming the Zagunao River.Field investigation and monitoring results indicate that the deformation of the Erguxi slope is in the advanced stage of deep-seated toppling process,with the formation of a disturbed belt but no identifiable master failure surface.It was postulated that the alternating tensile and shear strength associated with the hard/soft laminated rock strata of metasandstone and phyllite layers preclude the development of either a tensile or shear failure surface,which resulted in the continuous deformation and displacement without a catastrophic mass movement.The slope movement is in close association with the unfavorable geological conditions of the study area in addition to the construction of transportation infrastructure and the increase of the reservoir level.On the basis of the mechanism and intensity of the ongoing toppling deformation,a qualitative grading system was proposed to describe the toppling process and toevaluate the slope stability.This paper summarized the field observation and monitoring data on the toppling deformation for better characterizing its effect on the stability of the Erguxi slope.The qualitative grading system intends to provide a basis for quantitative study of large-scale deep-seated toppling process in metamorphic rocks.     

一种顾及GNSS系统间偏差的伪距单点定位方法

对系统间偏差的成分和影响因素进行分析,发现各项改正后残余误差对系统间偏差估值的影响可归结为与卫星编号和广播星历更新相关。提出一种新的顾及参与解算卫星构成的系统间偏差估计方案,新方案能够在仅有4颗多模GNSS卫星可见时提供可靠的位置服务。     

面向中国洪涝灾害应急监测的无人机空港布局

当前洪涝灾害对社会的经济发展和人民生命财产安全构成严重威胁。无人机机动、灵活,安全性高,可迅捷甚至实时获取灾区影像,对灾情的快速评估和应急救援决策意义重大。遥感无人机在洪涝灾害救援中能够发挥的重要作用已得到广泛共识,但是由于灾害的突发性,缺乏就近部署的资源制约了无人机遥感观测和救援作用的发挥。针对突发灾害,在区域和全国范围内建立起一定的无人机遥感应急体系成为国家面向未来正在考虑的选项。基于此,本研究提出了基于中国科学院的野外台站构建全国无人机遥感观测网的设想。本研究以中国防范洪涝灾害等级分布数据、行政区划数据、中国科学院野外台站分布数据和当前无人机性能数据库为数据源;以行政区划离散并提取的中心点作为需求点,台站作为设施点,不同洪涝等级区域内需要无人机进行应急观测的重要程度作为权重,利用最大覆盖选址模型进行空港选址布局;利用成本-效益曲线确定台站的最佳数量,最终从268个台站中选取出81个作为支撑全国洪涝灾害无人机遥感观测网络的无人机空港。无人机空港布局结果在理论上能够实现对中国绝大数突发洪涝灾害在2 h内初步完成洪涝观测,这对于构建中国空天地一体化的洪涝灾害监测体系具有重要意义。同时,本研究中的方法和成果对于进一步构建行业和综合性的全国无人机遥感观测网也具有一定借鉴和参照意义。     

胶东半岛海产养殖地下咸水分布特征及开发利用现状

胶东半岛位于山东省胶莱河以东,区内海岸线全长约1 700km,沿海滩涂面积约500km2。由于该区特殊的自然地理和地质环境条件,赋存有适宜海产养殖的地下咸水。该文依据大量的基础资料,阐述了胶东半岛区内海产养殖地下咸水的分布特征、富水地段资源量及开发利用现状,并针对开发利用中引发的地质环境问题提出了相应的保护建议,对于指导该区海产养殖地下咸水资源科学合理开发利用具有重要的意义。     

OMS平台模型的服务化封装方法研究

以OMS平台模型为研究对象,提出了一种地理分析模型服务化封装策略,以减少在模型提供者和模型使用者之间共享模型时遇到的障碍。通过设计模型描述接口、模型执行接口和模型部署接口,实现OMS平台模型的封装策略,形成标准化部署包。相关部署包可以部署到模型服务容器上,并发布为网络空间可重用共享的服务,以支撑分布式模型集成与模拟。本文以OMS平台下的AgES-W模型为案例,验证了模型封装策略的可行性和实用性,为网络环境下模型共享与集成奠定了基础。     

Ronge-Kutta法在计算复杂构造区域地震波旅行时中的应用

采用Ronge-Kutta射线追踪法对地震勘探中几个典型地质模型的地震波射线路径和旅行时计算的实例和效果进行分析。将Ronge-Kutta射线追踪模拟的结果与程函方程计算的时距曲线结果进行对比,验证了Ronge-Kutta射线追踪法的易实现性和程函方程有限差分旅行时算法的强稳定性,表明Ronge-Kutta射线追踪法在复杂构造区域进行地震射线路径和旅行时计算时能得到较好的模拟效果。     

Iron Regulation of Wetland Vegetation Performance Through Synchronous Effects on Phosphorus Acquisition Efficiency

Iron-rich groundwater flowing into wetlands is a worldwide environmental pollution phenomenon that is closely associated with the stability of wetland ecosystems. Combined with high phosphorus(P) loading from agricultural runoff, the prediction of the evolution of wetland vegetation affected by compound contamination is particularly urgent. We tested the effects of anaerobic iron-rich groundwater discharge in a freshwater marsh by simulating the effect of three levels of eutrophic water on native plants(Glyceria spiculosa(Fr. Schmidt.) Rosh.). The management of wetland vegetation with 1–20 mg/L Fe input is an efficient method to promote the growth of plants, which showed an optimum response under a 0.10 mg/L P surface water environment. Iron-rich groundwater strongly affects the changes in ecological niches of some wetland plant species and the dominant species. In addition, when the P concentration in a natural body of water is too high, the governance effect of eutrophication might not be as expected. Under iron-rich groundwater conditions, the δ~(13)C values of organs were more depleted, which can partially explain the differences in δ~(13)C in the soil profile. Conversely, the carbon isotope composition of soil organic carbon is indicative of past changes in vegetation. The results of our experiments confirm that iron-rich groundwater discharge has the potential to affect vegetation composition through toxicity modification in eutrophic environments.