用高精度小型CT测定骨密度

骨质疏松症是一种常见的代谢性骨病，其诊断的主要依据为骨密度降低。目前的测量骨密度方法在精度、剂量方面不很理想．本文介绍一种外周型高精度小型ＣＴ，精度高、剂量低是一种较理想的测定骨密度的仪器。文中介绍了提高精度和降低剂量的措施，以及仪器在临床应用试验的情况和结果，此仪器并可扩展应用于骨结构分析。     

裂纹端部的力学研究

本文计算并讨论了忽视旋转的传统理论所不能给出的裂纹端部场与场源的相互作用，首先利用弹性力学方法计算了共线裂纹组端部的应力场及位移场，然后应用旋转理论给出共线裂纹组端部的扭转力通解，对单裂纹和双裂纹情形做了重点讨论．     

Age of the Laschamp paleomagnetic excursion revisited

The reverse paleomagnetism of the lava flows of Laschamp and Olby, already discovered by Bonhommet and Babkine, is confirmed. The ages of these flows, measured by¹⁴C, thermoluminescence and K-Ar dating are respectively36,000 ± 4000 and42,000 ± 5000years. VGP's comparison of the “Laschamp event” with those of the 30,000-year Lake Mungo excursion does not show evidence of coincidence between these two events.     

Eurocode 8-compatible synthetic time-series as input to dynamic analysis

Nonlinear dynamic analysis of existing or planned structures often requires the use of accelerograms that match a target design spectrum. Here, our main concern is to generate a set of motions with a good level of fit to the Eurocode 8 design spectra for France. Synthetic time series are generated by means of a non-stationary stochastic method. To calibrate the input parameters in the stochastic approach, we select a reference set of accelerograms for a Eurocode 8 type B site category from the PEER Ground-Motion Database, which are then adjusted to the target spectrum through wavelet addition. Then, we compute nonlinear seismic responses of a soil column, including pore pressure effects, and brittle and ductile structures to the stochastic time-series, the natural accelerograms and time-series generated using stationary stochastic approaches. The results of these calculations reveal considerable variability in response despite the similarities in terms of spectral acceleration.     

1999年以来地震生命损失评估研究新进展

地震后造成人员伤亡的影响因素有很多,包括震级、烈度、人口、房屋破坏程度、与断层的距离、经济发展状况等.本文总结了1999年以来国内外地震生命损失研究中的若干方法和模型,介绍了这些评估方法在地震后的应用情况,并进行了适当的总结.最后提出了人员伤亡评估的发展趋势.     

南黄海中古生代残留沉积地层的地震成像

文中展示了南黄海中古生代沉积地层的成像结果,显示南黄海隆起区存在较稳定的中古生代沉积地层残留区.南黄海中古生代残留沉积地层的成像问题一直是地震资料处理的难点,主要原因是以海底鸣震为主的层间多次波和与中古生界顶界面相关的长程多次波非常发育,致使有效反射波无法准确识别.本文利用平面波域层间多次波的可预测性,对地震数据平面波分解之后进行预测反褶积,较好地消除了层间多次波.利用速度差异分离长程多次波,在有效波速度无法确定的条件下,先从低速的、可以确认的多次波开始进行分离,逐步确认并分离多次波,同时逐步进行有效波的确认和成像速度的尝试,最终得到合适的成像速度场和多次波被充分分离的数据.成像结果对南黄海残留盆地研究有一定借鉴意义.     

华北地区第四活动期两次地震活动过程的相似性研究

着重分析研究华北地区第四活动期以来M_S≥5.0地震时空分布特征。结果表明,该地区第四活动期从1820年至1976年期间,地震活动出现了前后两次基本相似的强弱起伏活动过程,分别历时69年和66年。前后两个活动过程不但时序结构类似,进程一致,且空间演化格局相似,都是先从华北地区的中南部开始,再迁移至东北部辽东半岛及附近海域,最终在华北地区北部集中出现一系列强震活动,而完成整个活动过程。进一步分析表明,前后两活动过程的第一阶段6级以上强震,在空间分布上除南黄海地区外,基本上互不重复。这一现象的发现,有助于该地区今后地震活动主体区域的分析判断。     

关于辽宁地区b值方法定量预测的研究

本文利用地震学分析预报方法程式指南和“八五”攻关成果中提出的地震b值定量预测方法,对辽宁及邻区1969年以来发生的8次地震震例作了回顾性检验研究。在此基础上,根据震前b值的变化特征,总结出了可能适用于辽宁地区半年左右尺度的b值预测方法的异常羊别指标及预报规则。     

A new inverse method and application to ocean data

A new method is proposed to inverse normalization data of hidden variables in a dynamical system by embedding a time series in multidimensional spaces and applying a normalization analysis to the conditional probability density of points in the reconstructed phase spaces. The method is robust in the application to Lorenz system and 4-dimensional R?ssler system by testing quantitatively and qualitatively the correlation coefficient between inverse data and original data in time domain and in frequency domain, respectively. By applying the method to analyzing the South China Sea data, the normalization data of wind speed is extracted from the sea surface temperature time series.     

Analytical Model for Permeability Evolution in Microcracking Rock

— Analytical expressions to predict the enhancement of permeability due to stress-induced microcracking in initially low porosity rock are presented. A fracture mechanical microcrack model is employed to derive integrated effective hydraulic variables as a function of stress, which are then used to calculate the evolution of permeability using the statistically-based Dienes model. The model enables determination of permeability enhancement as a function of two loading parameters and three material parameters. Results are in reasonable agreement with experimental measurements and indicate that appreciable increases in permeability can be anticipated during brittle failure. The analytical nature of the model makes it easily incorporatable into numerical models that require quantification of the permeability evolution as a function of stress, for which there is currently no law.