临沂市地质灾害预警预报与指挥系统的设计与实现

本文结合国内外有关地质灾害预警预报的相关理论研究,论述了临沂市地质灾害预警预报与指挥系统的总体框架和功能设计,介绍了本系统的预警预报、应急指挥、态势标绘等功能。系统旨在逐步提高临沂市的地质灾害预警预报技术水平,为各级政府制定国民发展计划和城镇规划提供重要的科学依据,为减灾防灾提供技术支撑。     

山东中新世山旺组生物群的古生态

山东临朐产出的中新世山旺组化石群,保存精美、属种分异度高。50多年来,经发掘和研究,目前已从约30余米的硅藻页岩沉积中报导了真菌、硅藻、介形虫、孢粉、昆虫、鱼类、两栖动物、爬行类、鸟类、哺乳动物及遗迹化石等十几个门类的化石,共计400余属700多种。本文总结了化石与周围无机界的关系、化石的埋藏特征、形成原因以及相关古生态学问题――古气候、古温度、古纬度、古地形、山旺湖的水文性质、湖水的季节性变化与硅藻页岩的纹层、动植物群的营养结构以及山旺盆地的沉积历史。     

在矿产储量管理上应改革沿用的静态工业指标初探

50年代引进前苏联在地勘工作中用静态法制订工业指标、计算矿产储量,为矿山建设提交可供设计利用的矿产储量方面,曾经起到巨大的推动作用。然而,随着改革、开放,上述方法就不能适应市场经济发展的要求,本文试图在剖析静态法制订工业指标、计算矿产储量的四个弊端的基础上,探讨用贸易指标计算矿产储量来取代以往那种用静态法制订工业指标计算矿产储量的管理方法。     

Effects of climate change on annual streamflow using climate elasticity in Poyang Lake Basin, China

Hydrological processes depend directly on climate conditions [e.g., precipitation, potential evapotranspiration (PE)] based on the water balance. This paper examines streamflow datasets at four hydrological stations and meteorological observations at 79 weather stations to reveal the streamflow changes and underlying drivers in four typical watersheds (Meigang, Saitang, Gaosha, and Xiashan) within Poyang Lake Basin from 1961 to 2000. Most of the less than 90th percentile of daily streamflow in each watershed increases significantly at different rates. As an important indicator of the seasonal changes in the streamflow, CT (the timing of the mass center of the streamflow) in each watershed shows a negligible change. The annual streamflow in each watershed increases at different rates, with a statistically significant trend (at the 5 % level) of 9.87 and 7.72 mm year^?1, respectively, in Meigang and Gaosha watersheds. Given the existence of interactions between precipitation and PE, the original climate elasticity of streamflow can not reflect the relationship of streamflow with precipitation and PE effectively. We modify this method and find the modified climate elasticity to be more accurate and reasonable using the correlation analysis. The analyses from the modified climate elasticity in the four watersheds show that a 10 % increase (decrease) in precipitation will increase (decrease) the annual streamflow by 14.1–16.3 %, while a 10 % increase (decrease) in PE will decrease (increase) the annual streamflow by ?10.2 to ?2.1 %. In addition, the modified climate elasticity is applied to estimate the contribution of annual precipitation and PE to the increasing annual streamflow in each watershed over the past 40 years. Our result suggests that the percentage attribution of the increasing precipitation is more than 59 % and the decreasing in PE is less than 41 %, indicating that the increasing precipitation is the major driving factor for the annual streamflow increase for each watershed.     

1996年包头西6.4级地震震兆特征的特殊性

１９９６年包头西６．４级地震是一次十分重要的地震,又是一个非常特殊的地震。集二十多年对强震前主要震兆特征和地震活动图像演化的认识,无论在６．４级地震前看到的,还是震后震例总结的,种种震兆异常基本集中在临河地区,而不是包头地区。     

云南省食用菌产业物流网络研究

构建合理高效的农产品物流网络,是实现农产品流通与增值并促进区域农业发展的重要基础。为构建云南省食用菌物流网络,分析了2004—2015年食用菌产业数据,揭示了食用菌产业的分散化、边缘化、不均衡的空间分布特征。从资源状况、社会经济、交通区位3个方面提出了物流节点等级的评价指标体系。依据货运联系强度模型确定轴心城市辐射范围,构建了以昆明市、曲靖市、楚雄州为中心城市圈,辐射带动滇东北、滇南的滇中食用菌物流圈和以大理州为物流核心、辐射带动滇西北地区的滇西食用菌物流圈。并以此形成云南省食用菌轴辐式物流网络。     

Isolation and Characterization of Collagen from Squid(Ommastreoges bartrami) Skin

Collagen of squid (Ommastrephes bartrami) skin was examined in the present study. Histology showed that collagen fiber in the skin was partially cross-linked with muscle fiber. Acid-solubilized collagen (ASC) and pepsin-solubilized collagen (PSC) were extracted from the skin and characterized. The results of amino acid composition and electrophoretic patterns revealed that ASC and PSC were both type Ⅰ collagen, containing α1 and α2 chains. FTIR (fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) investigations con-firmed the existence of helical arrangements in PSC of squid skin. The denaturation temperature (Td) and shrinkage temperature (Ts)of PSC were 29.4℃ and 52.8℃, respectively.     

Impact of surface variations on the momentum flux above the urban canopy

Based on the momentum flux–wind profile relationship of the Monin–Obukhov Similarity (MOS) theory, the observational data from the urban boundary layer field campaign in Nanjing are used to calculate the friction velocity ( $ {u_*} $ ) at the top of the urban canopy and the calculated results are evaluated. The urban surface roughness parameters (the roughness length z ₀ and zero-plane displacement height z _d) are estimated with the Ba method (Bottema’s morphological method). Two different regimes are employed for the calculations. In the homogeneous approach, z ₀ and z _d are averagely derived from the surface elements in the whole study area; while in the heterogeneous approach, z ₀ and z _d are locally derived from the surface elements in the corresponding upwind fetches (or source areas). The calculated friction velocities are compared to the measurement data. The results show that the calculated friction velocities from the heterogeneous approach are in better agreement with the observed values than those from the homogeneous approach are. This study implies that the local roughness parameters can properly represent the dynamical heterogeneity of urban surface, and its application can significantly improve the performance of parameterizations based on the MOS theory in the urban roughness sublayer.     

广西小平阳岩溶区地裂缝形成因素分析

８０年代以来，广西小平阳岩溶区出现了大量的地裂缝。通过调查研究．这些地裂缝的形成是受多种因素控制的．其中包括构造、土体性质、水的作用、地形地貌、气候及植被等因素。在上述因素中．构造是主导因素，上体性质是基础因素．其它则为诱发因素，也是因地质环境要素变化所引起的因素。主导因素是通过诱发因素起作用的．并最终通过土体性质因素导致产土地裂缝。     

不同氮磷比值下浒苔与石莼的竞争作用研究

近年来,海水富营养化导致近海海域大型海藻过量繁殖,成为世界性的环境问题。自2007年以来,浒苔绿潮在黄海海域连续暴发,造成巨大经济损失。为探究浒苔大规模暴发与氮磷比值(N/P)的关系,及其与其他大型绿藻在不同N/P下的竞争机制,研究了浒苔(Ulva prolifera)与石莼(Ulva lactuca)在不同N/P下单独培养和共培养时的生长情况,探究了浒苔及石莼生长的变化;结合苏北浅滩海域现场N/P的调查结果,分析了浒苔绿潮暴发的可能机制。研究结果表明：(1)浒苔单独培养时,在一定范围内高N/P能促进浒苔的生长,氮对于浒苔的影响大于磷。(2)石莼单独培养时,低N/P下石莼长势最好,但改变N/P对石莼的影响并不显著。(3)浒苔和石莼共培养时,浒苔生长受到了一定限制,低N/P下浒苔生长受限更显著。(4)苏北浅滩海域高N/P更适合浒苔的生长,可能是浒苔绿潮能够大规模暴发的原因之一。