使用DOS批处理文件备份自动气象站数据

从备份自动站数据文件的实际需要出发,通过实例由浅及深地介绍了用DOS批处理文件多目的地、多方式备份自动站数据的方法,包括本机备份、备份到局域网、备份到网络服务器以及自动备份等。     

基于共生理论的中国沿海省市海洋经济生态协调模式研究

建立海洋生态与海洋经济的共生演化Logistic模型,通过压力-状态-影响-响应（PSIR）模型对Logistic模型中的基本指数进行求解,进一步计算海洋生态与海洋经济之间的共生系数,结果表明：天津和上海两市发展模式已摆脱资源索取模式,其海洋经济生态共生模式的探讨意义较小;其余沿海九省中,河北、江苏、广西和海南4省处于反向共生水平,辽宁和山东两省呈现并生模式,浙江和广东呈现出生态受益的偏利共生模式,福建则呈现出经济受害的偏利共生模式。根据沿海各省市海洋经济生态共生模式,提出相关的政策建议,以期对沿海省市今后的经济和生态发展模式提供理论依据。     

张宣幔枝构造的成矿作用研究

地幔热柱具有多级演化特征。河淮亚热柱顶部地幔物质以薄板状斜插至燕山造山带之下，燕山造山带轴部东西向尚义－赤城韧性剪切带与太行山构造岩浆带轴部北北东向乌龙沟－上黄旗韧性剪切带交汇叠加，使深部中下地壳应变软化岩石及深部幔源物质减压释荷产生深熔岩浆并上侵，从而加速了造山带的上隆速度，并可形成地幔热柱的第三级构造单元——幔枝构造。其中隆升较快的地段发育成为典型的变质核杂岩构造。幔枝构造控制着构造变形－岩浆活动－蚀变变质－成矿作用统一体系，并形成与幔枝构造密切相关的内带为金（铜钼）、外带为银（铅锌）多金属的成矿系列。论述了不同构造部位的成矿特征及其相关性、统一性。据此提出了在有利构造部位（参照已有矿点分布）扩大找矿和向深部扩大找矿的认识。     

西南印度洋中脊表层沉积物非碳酸盐组分的粒度特征及其地质意义

The carbonate-free fraction of 20 surface sediments collected from the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge(SWIR) was studied by grain size analysis and mineralogical analysis with X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),stereo microscopy and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The characteristics of the carbonate-free fraction of the sediments were obtained, and related influential factors were discussed. The results show that the mean grain size of this fraction is in 1.96Φ–8.19Φ, with poorly sorting and unimodal, bimodal or irregular bimodal distribution patterns. Four grain size end members of the fraction are derived with the End Member Model method. The finest end member EM1 shows a significant contribution of terrigenous materials of the aeolian input and sediment carried by the bottom current. End member EM2 with medium size mainly reflects sediment of a siliceous bioclast origin. EM3 and EM4 are interpreted as representing the coarser volcanic materials related to bedrock weathering or volcanic activities. Multi-provenance is the dominant factor controlling the grain size pattern of the carbonate-free fraction of the sediments in that area. In addition, sediment transport processes such as the bottom current and wind are the minor factors that influence the grain size distribution of the carbonate-free fraction sediments.     

哈尔滨宾县砂砾石剖面沉积物组成及碎屑锆石U-Pb测年：对沉积环境和区域构造演化的指示

黑龙江宾县宁远镇中阳村剖面的砂砾石堆积过去被认为是哈尔滨地区第四纪下限的罗家窝棚组地层,对于其地层属性和沉积环境方面的研究较为薄弱。本文在野外考察的基础上,利用沉积学、矿物学、地球化学和碎屑锆石U-Pb测年对这套砂砾石堆积剖面进行研究,对其化学风化特征、源岩性质、沉积环境以及构造背景进行讨论。结果表明,这套砾石地层分选和磨圆较差,风化程度较低,无定向性排列,砾石以花岗岩（63%）、石英砂岩（22%）为主;钛铁矿（22.5%）是最主要重矿物,其次是锆石（17.4%）、赤褐铁矿（13.4%）,其它重矿物含量较少。元素地球化学揭示,沉积物中的细颗粒组分经历了中-低等的化学风化过程,大部分沉积物经历了首次循环。砾石岩性和地球化学组成共同揭示了沉积物主要来源于长英质母岩。元素地球化学的迁移与富集以及古气候判别图解指示沉积物是干热气候条件下的近距离搬运的冲洪积物。碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄分布在较窄的范围（208~129 Ma,峰值年龄~180 Ma）,与周围潜在源区锆石年龄对比,结合地貌位置,确定其物源区位于张广才岭余脉哈尔滨东南部低山丘陵带。早侏罗世源区受到古太平洋板块俯冲作用的影响,形成大陆边缘的构造背景,哈尔滨东南低山丘陵带经历了隆升和岩浆活动。与罗家窝棚组标准地层的沉积学特征对比存在明显差异,推测宁远剖面形成时间要晚于罗家窝棚组,与白土山组大致相当。这项研究对于哈尔滨地区第四纪地层的划分具有重要意义。

     

合肥地震台钻孔体应变干扰分析

分析合肥地震台钻孔体应变观测资料干扰因素及特征,发现水位和气压等因素对TJ-Ⅱ型钻孔应变仪影响显著.在该地震台观测优化改造期间,钻孔体应变受到临近钻孔灌水的影响,而降雨和灌水导致的水位变化,对体应变干扰程度不同.     

Damage Constitutive and Failure Prediction of Artificial Single-Joint Sandstone Based on Acoustic Emission

The effect law of deformation and failure of a jointed rock mass is essential for underground engineering safety and stability evaluation. In order to study the evolution mechanism and precursory characteristics of instability and failure of jointed rock masses, uniaxial compression and acoustic emission (AE) tests are conducted on sandstones with different joint dip angles. To simulate the mechanical behavior of the rock, a jointed rock mass damage constitutive model with AE characteristic parameters is created based on damage mechanics theory and taking into account the effect of rock mass structure and load coupling. To quantify the mechanism of rock instability, a cusp catastrophe model with AE characteristic parameters is created based on catastrophe theory. The results indicate that when the joint dip angle increases from 0° to 90°, the failure mechanism of sandstone shifts from tensile to shear, with 45° being the critical failure mode. Sandstone's compressive strength reduces initially and subsequently increases, resulting in a U-shaped distribution. The developed damage constitutive model's theoretical curve closely matches the test curve, indicating that the model can reasonably describe the damage evolution of sandstone. The cusp catastrophe model has a high forecast accuracy, and when combined with the damage constitutive model, the prediction accuracy can be increased further. The research results can provide theoretical guidance for the safety and stability evaluation of underground engineering.

     

Application of short-wave infrared spectroscopy to define alteration zones associated with the Elura zinc–lead–silver deposit, NSW, Australia

Short-wave infrared reflectance spectra obtained from a Portable Infrared Mineral Analyser (PIMA) have been used to define alteration zones adjacent to base metal sulfide ore bodies at the Elura Mine, Cobar, Australia. The spectroscopic work identified white mica (sericite), chlorite and carbonates of hydrothermal origin in the alteration zones associated with the ore bodies. Weathering, alteration and ore zones can be discriminated by variations in the intensity and wavelength of relevant absorption features. Hydrothermal alteration is classified into four principal types, namely sericitic, silicic, chloritic and carbonate alteration. The first three types comprise overprinting hydrothermal assemblages of quartz, sericite, chlorite, ankerite, siderite, calcite and sulfides developed in strongly altered metasiltstone and slate of Early Devonian age, adjacent to the zinc–lead–silver mineralisation. An extensive zone of carbonate alteration, manifested as porphyroblasts of siderite in the host metasediments, is recognised beyond the zones of strong alteration. Spectral analysis is consistent with the mineralogical data obtained from XRD and XRF analyses and defines the limits of the alteration zones to distances of about 80 m around the ore bodies. The study demonstrates the potential for spectral analysis to assist with drill hole logging and the identification of alteration zones as part of mineral exploration and development programs.     

GeoPW: Laying Blocks for the Geospatial Processing Web

Recent advances in Web‐related technologies have significantly promoted the wide sharing and integrated analysis of distributed geospatial data. Geospatial applications often involve diverse sources of data and complex geoprocessing functions. Existing Web‐based GIS focuses more on access to distributed geospatial data. In scientific problem solving, the ability to carry out geospatial analysis is essential to geoscientific discovery. This article presents the design and implementation of GeoPW, a set of services providing geoprocessing functions over the Web. The concept of the Geospatial Processing Web is discussed to address the geoprocessing demands in the emerging information infrastructure, and the role of GeoPW in establishing the Geospatial Processing Web is identified. The services in GeoPW are implemented by developing middleware that wraps legacy GIS analysis components to provide a large number of geoprocessing utilities over the Web. These services are open and accessible to the public, and they support integrated geoprocessing on the Web.     

极地冰盖物质平衡的最新进展与未来挑战

准确地探明冰盖物质平衡状况,对于研究全球变暖背景下海平面变化具有重要的意义,自IPCC AR4(政府间气候变化专门委员会第四次报告)以来,极地冰盖物质平衡的研究取得了很大进展。本文总结并对比了用卫星测高(雷达测高和激光测高)、物质收支测量和重力测量等方法得到的冰盖物质平衡评估结果,综述了冰盖数值模拟研究在预测冰盖未来的变化趋势以及由此对海平面造成的影响等方面取得的进展,并立足于中国当前的极地冰盖物质平衡研究现状,提出了该研究所面临的挑战。