A New Interpretation of the Corallian (Upper Jurassic) Cycles of the Dorset Coast,Southern England

The Corallian Group of the Dorset coast is reinterpreted as representing four regressive–transgressive cycles in contrast to previous interpretations which recognized four asymmetric regressive cycles. Each regressive sequence is separated at its top from each transgressive sequence by a sharp erosional contact. Overall, the regressive, coarsening-up sequences are characterized by relatively low faunal diversity, dominantly vertical burrows, relatively coarse sediments with cross-bedding and swaley cross-stratification, and the diagenesis predominantly influenced by meteoric water. In comparison, the transgressive, fining-up sequences are generally characterized by relatively high faunal diversity, dominantly horizontal burrows, basal lag deposits (1–2m in thickness) overlying a sharp, erosional surface, followed by clay or nodular wackestone and dominantly deep burial diagenesis. The consistence of the four regressive-transgressive cycles with the eustatic sea-level curve suggests that the sedimentary cycles of the Corallian outcrops may have been mainly produced by the eustatic sea-level changes. Tectonic movements may have been important in generating localized unconformity, relatively coarse clastic sediment influxes and rapid lateral facies variations. The recognition of storm- and tidally-related sedimentary features suggests that the Corallian Group of the Dorset coast may have been deposited in a storm- and tidally-influenced shallow epicontinental shelf.     

塔里木盆地库车坳陷西秋古隆起的形成及其演化

重力异常资料显示, 库车坳陷南缘西秋构造带深层发育有基底隆起。本文通过地震资料解释确认了西秋构造带深层古隆起的结构, 分析了古隆起的形成和演化过程。西秋构造带南侧边缘存在一条区域性基底断裂, 断裂北侧新生界下伏中生界、古生界明显减薄或地层缺失, 总体上表现为断背斜形态的古隆起构造。结合区域构造演化分析认为, 泥盆纪—石炭纪(D—C)塔里木克拉通边缘隆升、二叠纪—三叠纪(P—T)受南天山负荷影响产生的克拉通边缘压陷的构造演化过程中, 西秋构造带处于"跷跷板"式地壳升降运动的"支点"部位, 发育古隆起和基底卷入高角度断层, 晚期南天山隆升向南斜向推挤的挤压剪切应力场使古隆起边界断层复活, 基底断裂活动并在新生界之下形成冲断隆起。     

GeoPW: Laying Blocks for the Geospatial Processing Web

Recent advances in Web‐related technologies have significantly promoted the wide sharing and integrated analysis of distributed geospatial data. Geospatial applications often involve diverse sources of data and complex geoprocessing functions. Existing Web‐based GIS focuses more on access to distributed geospatial data. In scientific problem solving, the ability to carry out geospatial analysis is essential to geoscientific discovery. This article presents the design and implementation of GeoPW, a set of services providing geoprocessing functions over the Web. The concept of the Geospatial Processing Web is discussed to address the geoprocessing demands in the emerging information infrastructure, and the role of GeoPW in establishing the Geospatial Processing Web is identified. The services in GeoPW are implemented by developing middleware that wraps legacy GIS analysis components to provide a large number of geoprocessing utilities over the Web. These services are open and accessible to the public, and they support integrated geoprocessing on the Web.     

都市区空间结构与经济发展的互动关系研究

文章采用结构方程模型实证检验空间结构与经济发展的互动关系。研究发现,中国都市区已经进入多中心分散阶段,空间结构与经济发展存在因果关系,即经济发展水平的提高会扩大人口规模,规模增加则导致集聚不经济上升,并促进空间结构多中心化。多中心化后的空间结构由于降低了集聚不经济而进一步提高生产率。因而,传统地理学中关于两者互动发展的描述得到实证支持;同时明确了多中心化的直接动力是人口规模的增加,而不是经济发展水平的提高。这些发现对于优化当前中国的城市与区域空间战略具有重要的启示。     

Mineralization and Evolution of the Early Proterozoic Copper Deposits in the Zhongtiao Mountains

In the Zhongtiao Mountains, all of the most significant copper deposits occur in the early Proterozoic mobile belt. They are the meta-sedimentary copper deposit in meta-pelite semi-pelite formation and the meta-volcanic porphyry copper deposit in meta-potassic volcano-sedimentary formation, belonging respectively to the lower and middle-upper Jiang-xian Group(2, 500--2, 300 Ma); and the meta-sedimentary-remoulded copper deposit in metacarbonate-black shale formation of the Zhongtiao Group(2, 300--1, 830 Ma). The Zhongtiao Movement(about 1, 800 Ma B. P.) had caused regional metamorphism and hydrothermal action added to the early Proterozoic mobile belt, thus reformedthe original ore deposits of different genetic types to give similar hydrothermal and geochemical characters. However, primary features of the ore deposits as controlled by the original sedimentary or volcano-sedimentary formation are basically unaltered.     

Changes in soil organic carbon stocks as affected by cropping systems and cropping duration in China’s paddy fields: a meta-analysis

Great uncertainties remain in the impact of cropping systems on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in paddy fields that hold a large potential for carbon (C) sequestration. In this study, a meta-analysis was performed to examine trends on SOC stocks in unfertilized and fertilized fields from three of the most common rice cropping systems in China. Results showed that rice cropping without any nutrient application (Control) significantly increased SOC stocks by 9% compared to the initial level in double rice cropping systems (DR), whereas no significant effects were observed in single rice cropping systems (SR) and rice-upland crop rotation systems (RU). Paddy soils sequestered C in all the three cropping systems under inorganic NPK fertilization, and the magnitude of the increase in SOC stocks was in the order DR > RU > SR. Soil C stocks increased with the increasing cropping duration. Continuous rice cropping for more than 20?years led to average SOC gains of 15% and 23% in the control and NPK treatments, respectively. Furthermore, it seems that C sequestration was still occurring in the longest fields from the included studies. Thus, no SOC saturation trend was found over the investigated cropping duration. However, the negative relationship between SOC changes and their initial C stocks suggests indirectly the possibility of SOC saturation in paddy fields.     

天然气水合物开采过程甲烷气泄漏海床基高密度电阻率法监测效果模拟与分析

为实现天然气水合物开采过程沉积物内甲烷气泄漏过程有效监测,设计了一种海床基原位电学监测方法。为界定该方法对不同模式泄露甲烷气的探测能力,以南海神狐海域天然气水合物试采区为研究区,构建相应地质及电阻率模型,模拟利用设计电学系统对其进行监测,计算得到不同采集参数的电阻率剖面,并对其进行对比分析。研究结果表明：海水层会在探测剖面上某深度区间内形成层状低阻异常带,对该深度区间有效电信号形成压制。将该异常带顶界深度定义为系统有效探测深度后,发现该深度受电极距直接影响,10 m极距偶极装置有效探测深度约为50 m。电学探测剖面对有效探测深度内分布的层状和团状甲烷气聚集区、慢速甲烷气泄露区、沿断层泄露的甲烷气区具有良好反映能力,数据处理得到的相对电阻率剖面与电学探测剖面相比能更好地反映甲烷气聚集区边界。该监测方法能够实时监测含气区空间变化。     

盾构法开挖地铁联络通道对地表沉降的影响研究

世界首条盾构法联络通道一宁波地铁联络通道已经将盾构法挖掘地铁联络通道变为现实,但对于盾构法联络通道挖掘对地表沉降的影响还缺乏足够的认识和积累。以宁波地铁3号线某区间的地铁联络通道开挖为例,对盾构法联络通道施工过程进行了试验测试及CAE(Computer Aided Engineering)仿真,并成功地完成了施工过程中各个工况地表沉降仿真与测试的标定分析,得到了沉降幅值在各工况下的变化规律,指出盾构地铁联络通道施工过程中需要关注的危险工况,据此形成了一套真实、可靠、先进的仿真流程,可为联络通道后续沉降监控及其它联络通道施工过程的沉降预测提供支持。     

南海波高熵和风速熵

根据风速的统计分布，给出了有因次风速熵和无因次风速熵的定义及其计算方法，使用ＧＥＯＳＡＴ高度计１９８６年１１月－１９８９年２月的有效波高和风速的资料，计算，分析了南海海域上的波高熵，风速熵，给出它们的时间变化特征和空间变化特征，并对不同随机量的无因次熵，即随机度进行了比较。