Hard X-ray emission from the solar corona

This review surveys hard X-ray emissions of non-thermal electrons in the solar corona. These electrons originate in flares and flare-related processes. Hard X-ray emission is the most direct diagnostic of electron presence in the corona, and such observations provide quantitative determinations of the total energy in the non-thermal electrons. The most intense flare emissions are generally observed from the chromosphere at footpoints of magnetic loops. Over the years, however, many observations of hard X-ray and even γ-ray emission directly from the corona have also been reported. These coronal sources are of particular interest as they occur closest to where the electron acceleration is thought to occur. Prior to the actual direct imaging observations, disk occultation was usually required to study coronal sources, resulting in limited physical information. Now RHESSI has given us a systematic view of coronal sources that combines high spatial and spectral resolution with broad energy coverage and high sensitivity. Despite the low density and hence low bremsstrahlung efficiency of the corona, we now detect coronal hard X-ray emissions from sources in all phases of solar flares. Because the physical conditions in such sources may differ substantially from those of the usual “footpoint” emission regions, we take the opportunity to revisit the physics of hard X-radiation and relevant theories of particle acceleration.     

湖泊水位对三角洲前缘主要砂体类型的影响:以鄂尔多斯盆地神木地区侏罗系延安组剖面为例*

通过露头剖面研究,能够从二维或三维角度直观地了解沉积实体物质组成、结构构造及岩层间接触关系等地质信息,对于三角洲砂体展布规律预测以及地下储集层地质模型的建立具有重要意义。本文以鄂尔多斯盆地神木地区侏罗系延安组湖相浅水三角洲露头剖面为例,在沉积微相的研究基础上,主要针对水下分流河道、河口砂坝、席状砂等微相,统计单砂体宽度及厚度,分析砂体间接触关系,总结砂体展布规律。研究认为,对于席状砂、水下分流河道两类砂体而言,与湖泊低水位期相比,高水位期砂体宽厚比较大;在湖泊水位一定的条件下,随着距物源变远,A/S值增加,砂体宽厚比增大。受湖泊水位及距物源远近不同A/S值影响,剖面中发育拼接式、切叠式和孤立式3种砂体叠置样式,从拼接式向孤立式A/S值变大,砂体间连通性变差。     

论临海社会转型背景下的临海家庭贫困现象——基于湛江临海村落的研究

临海社会转型性家庭贫困现象在临海社会转型过程中出现,主要表现为因海洋资源枯竭及海洋市场洗牌所导致的家庭贫困、因临海经济开发而衍生的家庭贫困等类型。临海社会转型性家庭贫困是临海家庭的社会适应能力与临海社会急剧变迁之间的矛盾产物,富有浓郁的社会公平性问题色彩,它制约了临海社会的顺利转型。在消除临海社会转型性家庭贫困生成的某些宏观社会原因的前提下,发展临海地区文化教育与职业教育,进而提高临海家庭社会适应能力,是消除临海社会转型性家庭贫困现象的关键。     

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Automatic change detection of geo-spatial data from imagery

The problems and diffi-culty of current change detection tech-niques are presented. Then, according to whether image registration is done before change detection algorithms,the authors classify the change detec-tion into two categories:the change de-tection after image registration and the change detection simultaneous with image registration. For the former,four topics including the change detec-tion between new image and old im-age, the change detection between new image and old map, the change detec-tion between new image/old image and old map, and the change detection be-tween new multi-source images and old map/image are introduced. For the latter, three categories, i. e. the change detection between old DEM,DOM and new non-rectification image,the change detection between old DLG, DRG and new non-rectification image, and the 3D change detection between old 4D products and new multi-overlapped photos, are dis-cussed.     

Ore fluid of the Tieluping silver deposit of Henan Province and its illustration of the tectonic model for collisional petrogenesis,metallogenesis and fluidization

The Tieluping silver deposit, located in the NE-trending faults within the metamorphic basement of the Xiong'er Mountain, is a typical altered fracture type deposit. Its ore-forming process includes three stages with temperatures concentrated at 373°C, 223°C and 165°C respectively. With δD=90‰,\(\delta ^{13} C_{CO_2 } \)=2.0‰ and δ{si18}O=8094‰, the early stage fluid was generated from reworking and metamorphism of the carbonate rich formation; the late one, with δD=−70‰,\(\delta ^{13} C_{CO_2 } \)=-1.2‰, δ¹⁸O=1.89‰, was meteoric hydrothermal solution; and the middle. δD=−109‰,\(\delta ^{13} C_{CO_2 } \)=0.1‰, δ¹⁸O=1.79‰, might be a hybrid mixed by reworking-metamorphic fluid and meteoric hydrothermal solution. Crystallized rapidly in the condition of fluid-boiling and fluid-mixing, the middle stage minerals have far more fluid inclusions with higher content of ions, higher ratios of H₂O/CO₂ and KN/MC. Consequently, they have much more ore elements such as gold compared with those of the early and late stages. It was the northward intracontinental subduction along the Machaoying fault during the Mesozoic collision between the South China and North China paleocontinents that intrigued large-scale fluidization and magmatism and led to the appearance of more than 10 large and medium hydrothermal deposits, including the Tieluping silver deposit. The study on ore-forming fluidization of the Tieluping silver deposit proves the CPMF model.

     

陕西大茅坪铜矿床找矿综合模型研究

陕西大茅坪铜矿床赋存于中元古代碧口群火山岩中,是陕西勉略宁三角区西部较典型的铜矿之一,对该矿床的研究有助于有效地指导在本区寻找同类型矿床。文中对原生晕分析数据,物探测量数据进行了不同方法的处理,在此基础上提出了综合找矿模型。其中对原生晕,通过不同方法建立了地球化学背景与异常的概率筛分模型,因子分析及元素组合模型、标准化丰度法及轴向分带模型;对物探数据进行线性加权组合建立了综合物探异常并运用该模型进行了初步预测。     

构造分形在砂岩含水层富水性预测中的应用

预测、评价煤层顶底板砂岩含水层的富水性对保证煤矿安全、高效生产具有重要意义.砂岩含水层富水性受构造裂隙发育程度的影响,而地质构造的分维值可以作为地质构造空间分布复杂性及其发育、演化成熟度的测度.采用相似维研究了济阳煤矿二采区构造网络的复杂程度.根据紧闭程度对褶皱的分维值进行了修正.将构造分维值原始数据标准化后按一定标准对7煤层顶底板砂岩含水层的富水性进行了分区,为煤矿安全开采提供了依据.     

贵州松桃锰矿床地质条件及资源开采技术探索

本文总结研究了贵州松桃县锰矿床地质资源状况,分析了锰矿矿床的开采技术特点及条件。针对倾斜薄矿脉此类矿床,设计和探索了五种采矿工艺,并通过未确知理论优选方法,定性分析了五类采矿工艺的优劣,最终确定了高强度支架掩护作业伪倾斜壁式崩落法采矿方法。优选的高强度掩护支架作业伪倾斜壁式崩落法是针对复杂软破矿床开采进行的工艺探索,具有生产能力大、生产成本低等突出优点。该采矿方法为此类金属矿山的生产提供了一种安全、高效、可操作的新采矿思路,具有重要的理论和指导意义,具有试点推广价值。