The environmental impacts of pollutants generated by routine shipping operations on ports

The environmental impacts generated by shipping operations have increasingly become an important research topic, where its pollutants often pose negative externalities to natural habitats and economic losses to coastal areas. While the environmental impact costs generated by shipping disasters, notably large scale accidental oil spills, have been widely studied, hitherto, works dedicated to the assessment of environmental impact costs of pollutants generated by routine shipping operations remain scarce due to their relatively implicit nature and thus delays of consequential risks. Hence, by proposing an economic model and calibrating it to Port of Rotterdam, this paper assesses the environmental impact costs generated by routine shipping operations on ports. By shedding light on this important, but under-researched, issue critical to the well-being of the global shipping industry, this paper provides a decent framework for further research in sustainable shipping and port management for future generations.     

渭河盆地的水系与现代构造运动

通过卫星象片解释、实地调查测量和查阅历史文献,本文较全面地研究了渭河盆地的水系及其所反映的现代构造运动特征。水系平面组合形态、渭河河型、水系转折及冲沟错位、河流密度、渭河河床的迁移、历史水涝灾害都一致地反映本区现代构造运动继承了第四纪以来的特点。水系历史演变又表明现代构造运动具有周期性。据水系错位和河流流向的统计分析确定本区现代构造应力场主压应力方向为N50°～60°E。本文最后还讨论了根据水系研究现代构造运动的意义以及应注意的问题。     

Assessment of phytoplankton class abundance using fluorescence excitation-emission matrix by parallel factor analysis and nonnegative least squares

The feasibility of using fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) along with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and nonnegative least squares (NNLS) method for the differentiation of phytoplankton taxonomic groups was investigated. Forty-one phytoplankton species belonging to 28 genera of five divisions were studied. First, the PARAFAC model was applied to EEMs, and 15 fluorescence components were generated. Second, 15 fluorescence components were found to have a strong discriminating capability based on Bayesian discriminant analysis (BDA). Third, all spectra of the fluorescence component compositions for the 41 phytoplankton species were spectrographically sorted into 61 reference spectra using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and then, the reference spectra were used to establish a database. Finally, the phytoplankton taxonomic groups was differentiated by the reference spectra database using the NNLS method. The five phytoplankton groups were differentiated with the correct discrimination ratios (CDRs) of 100% for single-species samples at the division level. The CDRs for the mixtures were above 91% for the dominant phytoplankton species and above 73% for the subdominant phytoplankton species. Sixteen of the 85 field samples collected from the Changjiang River estuary were analyzed by both HPLC-CHEMTAX and the fluorometric technique developed. The results of both methods reveal that Bacillariophyta was the dominant algal group in these 16 samples and that the subdominant algal groups comprised Dinophyta, Chlorophyta and Cryptophyta. The differentiation results by the fluorometric technique were in good agreement with those from HPLC-CHEMTAX. The results indicate that the fluorometric technique could differentiate algal taxonomic groups accurately at the division level.     

2022年9月5日泸定M6.8地震预警分析

2022年9月5日,四川省泸定县发生M6.8地震。针对四川地震预警台网部署的EEW和JEEW地震预警处理软件产出的地震预警信息进行分析,从观测数据质量、预警参数测定、减灾效能等方面对地震预警处理过程进行系统性分析,检验预警软件处理结果的可靠性。结果表明,EEW和JEEW分别在震后 4.4、8.2 s产出了首报预警信息,震级偏差分别为−1.6、−0.8,震中位置偏差分别为11.2、0.8 km,随着时间的延长和触发台站的增多,预警处理结果最终与正式目录结果趋于一致;本次地震预警盲区半径为14.7 km,预警盲区以外,烈度Ⅵ度以上区域的预警时间为0～21 s,预警有效获益区内减灾效能显著。     

Safety Assessment of Buried Pipeline during Pile Driving Vibration in Offshore Engineering

To assess the impact of pile driving on adjacent submarine pipelines during the reconstruction of a pier berth, the local damage model of submarine pipelines is established to explore the safety thresholds of the particle peak velocity and horizontal displacement. The results are analyzed and adjusted by the existing standards and the corresponding literatures. Then, a three-dimensional numerical model is presented to assess the feasibility of the construction of piles by the obtained safety limits, in which the nonlinear behavior of the soil and stress–seepage coupling analysis are considered. After the construction, the safety of submarine pipelines is rechecked by the measured value of the particle peak velocity and horizontal displacement. Meanwhile, the propagation law of vibration, the horizontal displacement of underground soil, and the pore pressure during pile driving are explored. The results indicate that the construction of piles of 2# mooring pier did not cause damage to adjacent submarine pipelines. However, the construction of piles of 1# mooring pier which is nearer may cause damage to submarine pipelines.     

测绘生产管理信息化建设应用研究

国家测绘地理信息局在2007年开展了信息化测绘体系研究,测绘地理信息领域的信息化获得长足进步。信息化测绘时代的到来,对测绘生产管理提出了更高的要求。本文设计了以测绘生产管理为核心内容的信息系统,经过近三年时间的应用,其管理功能模块能够满足测绘生产信息化管理需要。     

应用高分辨CT（HRCT）扫描弥补腔隙诊断之不足

目的:应用高分辨CT^*(HRCT)扫描方法,增加对头颅腔隙梗塞诊断的可靠性。材料和方法:对临床疑有腔隙的病人,在基底节区及可疑部位加用HRCT扫描,遇到腔隙病灶与像素颗粒难以区分时在相同层面或上下1~2mm处做HRCT扫描。结果:有489例常规CT正常的病例中发现了腔隙灶,在遇到的502例不易诊断的可疑病灶中,经HRCT确诊的真正腔隙灶300例,伪腔隙(像素)202例,同时发现HRCT对正常脑组织结构的显示要较常规CT优越得多。结论:HRCT不仅能提高腔隙性梗塞的检出率,还能辨伪腔隙,是弥补常规CT对腔隙诊断不足的较好手段。     

水分胁迫/复水对谷子光合特性及产量影响

以谷子品种大金苗为研究对象,采用遮雨棚控水的大田试验方法,比较孕穗开花期和灌浆期水分胁迫/复水对叶片光合特性及产量影响,分析光合速率的限制因素,阐述光合速率、水分利用效率与产量的协同关系。结果表明：水分胁迫会导致谷子光合速率和产量下降,水分利用效率提高,随胁迫增强和持续时间延长,光合速率和产量下降幅度增大;水分胁迫后复水后,光合性能有所恢复,光合作用可产生补偿效应,水分胁迫越强和持续时间越长,补偿效应越低;轻度和持续时间短的水分胁迫,光合速率降低主要由气孔因素决定,随胁迫增强和持续时间延长,非气孔限制逐渐成为光合速率下降的主要原因;与孕穗开花期相比较,灌浆期水分胁迫对光合速率的影响更大且复水后光合性能恢复能力更低,光合速率与产量的协同关系更明显,产量对灌浆期水分胁迫更敏感。     

基于GIS的证据权重法矿产预测系统(EWM)

探讨了ＧＩＳ的主要功能、ＧＩＳ在矿产预测中的应用、证据权重法的理论基础,并在Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ９５环境下,建立了基于ＧＩＳ的证据权重法矿产预测系统———ＥＷＭ。     

相空间反演方法在表层水温预报中的应用

利用相空间理论及方法对渤、黄、东海共4个站位近十几年的旬平均SST进行分析。结果表明：表层水温具有混饨特性,其吸引子关联维数平均约为1．23、嵌入相空间维数为6（渤、黄海）和7（东海178号站位）、二阶Renyi熵平均约为3．7×10-4（1／d）及平均可预报时间尺度平均为27个点;基于以上分析结果运用相空间反演方法建立了旬平均SST的反演模型,并且在试预报的前5旬的最大相对误差约为4．2％。