������ʽԼ���ļ��ƽ��ģ�͵����ֽ��㷽���Ƚ�

????????????????????????????????????Lemke?????????????????????????????????????????K-T?????????????????????K-T???????????????????????????????????Щ???y????     

Establishment and characterization of a new cell line from the kidney of spotted halibut <Emphasis Type="Italic">Verasper variegates</Emphasis>

A cell line,SHK,was derived from the kidney of spotted halibut Verasper variegates.The cell line was subcultured more than 40 passages in minimum essential medium(MEM)supplemented with fetal bovine serum(FBS)and 10 ng ml-1 basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF).Cell morphology from primary culture and subculture was observed continuously by microscopy.The SHK cell line consisted predominantly of fibroblast-like cells.The cell line was able to grow between 20℃ and 30℃ with the optimum growth at 24℃ and with a reduced growth between 12℃ and 20℃.The growth rate of the cells increased as the proportion of FBS increased from 10% to 20% at 28℃ with optimum growth at the concentration of 20%.The doubling time of the cells was determined to be 44.8 h.Chromosome analysis revealed that 52% of the SHK cells maintained a normal diploid chromosome number (2n=46).The cells were successfully transfected with green fluorescent protein(GFP)reporter plasmids and the expression of GFP gene in the cells indicated the possible utility of the cells in gene expression studies.The cells were infected by lymphosystis disease virus(LCDV)and found to be susceptible to the virus in cytopathic effect(CPE)observation.The infection was confirmed by PCR and electron microscopy experiments,which proved the existence of the viral particles in the cytoplasm of the virus-infected cells.     

全球背景下台商投资大陆对两岸经济发展的影响研究

基于宏观经济增长理论,选取投资、消费、进出口贸易等测度指标作为外生变量,使用1991-2014年16个样本国家/地区台商投资流入与流出的面板数据,分别构建大陆不同源地FDI（外商直接投资）与台湾OFDI（对外直接投资）不同目的地的向量自回归模型（VAR）框架,对台商投资大陆（TDI）对两岸经济发展的贡献进行全方面对比与国际比较。研究表明：① TDI对大陆经济增长存在短期负向,长期正向作用,对台湾经济增长则保持长期正向促进作用且影响幅度较大。② TDI在两岸经济发展中的作用存在明显的不对称性：TDI在大陆经济发展中的贡献位居第5,即小于日本、美国、韩国和中国香港的FDI对中国大陆经济增长作用;台湾对大陆投资对台湾本地的经济增长贡献程度最大,即大于美国和东盟位居第1。     

Crustal structure of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau from the Songpan-Ganzi terrane to the Ordos basin

The 1000-km-long Darlag–Lanzhou–Jingbian seismic refraction profile is located in the NE margin of the Tibetan plateau. This profile crosses the northern Songpan-Ganzi terrane, the Qinling-Qilian fold system, the Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region, and the stable Ordos basin. The P-wave and S-wave velocity structure and Poisson's ratios reveal many significant characteristics in the profile. The crustal thickness increases from northeast to southwest. The average crustal thickness observed increases from 42 km in the Ordos basin to 63 km in the Songpan-Ganzi terrane. The crust becomes obviously thicker south of the Haiyuan fault and beneath the West-Qinlin Shan. The crustal velocities have significant variations along the profile. The average P-wave velocities for the crystalline crust vary between 6.3 and 6.4 km/s. Beneath the Songpan-Ganzi terrane, West-Qinling Shan, and Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region P-wave velocities of 6.3 km/s are 0.15 km/s lower than the worldwide average of 6.45 km/s. North of the Kunlun fault, with exclusion of the Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region, the average P-wave velocity is 6.4 km/s and only 0.5 km/s lower than the worldwide average. A combination of the P-wave velocity and Poisson's ratio suggests that the crust is dominantly felsic in composition with an intermediate composition at the base. A mafic lower crust is absent in the NE margin of the Tibetan plateau from the Songpan-Ganzi terrane to the Ordos basin. There are low velocity zones in the West-Qinling Shan and the Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region. The low velocity zones have low S-wave velocities and high Poisson's ratios, so it is possible these zones are due to partial melting. The crust is divided into two layers, the upper and the lower crust, with crustal thickening mainly in the lower crust as the NE Tibetan plateau is approached. The results in the study show that the thickness of the lower crust increases from 22 to 38 km as the crustal thickness increases from 42 km in the Ordos basin to 63 km in the Songpan-Ganzi terrane south of the Kunlun fault. Both the Conrad discontinuity and Moho in the West-Qinling Shan and in the Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region are laminated interfaces, implying intense tectonic activity. The arcuate faults and large earthquakes in the Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region are the result of interaction between the Tibetan plateau and the Sino–Korean and Gobi Ala Shan platforms.     

塔里木盆地塔北地区中-下奥陶统顶面多期剥蚀过程与油气关系

剥蚀量恢复是古构造演化恢复的基础,对于恢复盆地沉积地层格架,研究盆地隆坳格局迁移、油气分布聚集关系等具有重要意义。我国最大沉积盆地塔里木盆地的塔北地区中-下奥陶统地层油气资源丰富,在经历多次构造运动后,抬升剥蚀严重。本文按照“同层多期”的思想识别了对塔北地区油气勘探举足轻重的中-下奥陶统顶面经历剥蚀的5个主要构造期,采用“地震地层综合法”,在精细地震资料解释的基础上计算了其在5个主要构造期的剥蚀量。通过分析剥蚀过程,认为中-下奥陶统顶面从加里东中期到喜山期剥蚀范围依次减小,剥蚀厚度在加里东中期最大剥蚀可达915 m,位于现在的英买1井附近。海西早期剥蚀最大厚度达892 m,位于现今两北地区北部一带;海西晚期最大剥蚀厚度位于现今的齐古1井附近,剥蚀量可达690 m;印支—燕山期最大剥蚀厚度可达546 m,位于现今阿北1井附近;喜山期对中-下奥陶统顶面的影响已经不如前几期,最大剥蚀厚度仅338 m,位于现今的沙雅6井附近。就5期总剥蚀厚度而言,最大可达936 m,位于顺13井附近。油气运聚的总体趋势是在塔北地区北部不断抬升遭受广泛剥蚀的前提下,油气沿着以中-下奥陶统顶面为核心辐射出的立体复杂疏导体系向高部位的塔北隆起运移成藏。油气有利勘探区应在阿克库勒凸起和“两北”地区的古斜坡位置,正如塔北地区满深1井（沙雅县境内）获得高产油气流的勘探实践所印证。     

经贸视角下中国台湾“新南向政策”分析——基于SNA和VAR方法

中国台湾“新南向政策”倍受社会关注。基于经贸视角及2001~2015年贸易数据,在分析经济依赖度及国际竞争力基础上,通过社会网络分析（SNA）方法探讨中国大陆在贸易网络中的地位及其对中国台湾的影响,利用VAR脉冲响应函数对比分析中国台湾与中国大陆、新南向国家的对外贸易对中国台湾经济发展的影响。研究结果表明：新南向国家对中国大陆的经济依赖度远高于其对中国台湾的经济依赖度,中国大陆对其的贸易地位是中国台湾难以替代的;中国台湾对中国大陆的经济依赖度明显高于其对新南向国家的经济依赖度,中国大陆对其的贸易地位是新南向国家难以替代的;中国大陆在贸易网络格局中处于核心地位,对于提升中国台湾贸易网络地位起着重要促进作用;中国大陆与中国台湾的对外贸易对中国台湾经济发展的正向效应明显高于新南向国家。中国台湾当局应秉承“九二共识”,抓住机遇,积极推进“新南向政策”与“一带一路”倡议融合,加强同中国大陆的经贸合作与交流,促进其经济稳定持续发展。     

Divergence of the potential invasion range of emerald ash borer and its host distribution in North America under climate change

Climate change is likely to induce range divergence of invasive herbivore insects and native host trees given their different response rates to temperature increase. In this study we used the invasion of emerald ash borer (EAB, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire), which is host-specific to ash (Fraxinus spp.), to demonstrate the significant implications of this climate change induced insect-host divergence for management of invasive species. The least constrained climatic limits of EAB were derived from its native range in East Asia, then projected to North America under the current and future climate conditions, and finally compared with the assumedly static ash distribution. Results suggest that the divergence between the invasion range of EAB and the distribution of ash in North America is likely to enlarge as climate change proceeds. In this case, many original ash stands could remain intact in the southern range, possibly forming refugia of the host species. The realization of this prediction, however, requires that the spread of EAB be reduced by continued management effort to allow climate change to take effect in time. Our study highlights the important role climate change has in the course of biological invasion and herbivore-host dynamics, which provides key information for continental scale pest risk prediction and strategic planning.     

Northward migration under a changing climate: a case study of blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica)

Species are predicted to shift their distribution ranges in response to climate change. Region-wide, empirically-based studies, however, are still limited to support these predictions. We used a model tree species, blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica), to study climate-induced range shift. Data collected from two separate sampling periods (1980s and 2007) by the USDA’s Forestry and Inventory Analysis (FIA) Program were used to investigate changes in abundance and dominance, and shifts in distribution, of blackgum in four ecoregions of the eastern United States. Our results indicated new recruitment of blackgum in the northern portion of its range, along with increases in both density and annual rates of change in importance value (IV). Conversely, declines in recruitment were found in the southern portion of blackgum’s range, along with decreases in density and IV. The center portion of blackgum’s range had mixed patterns of change (i.e., both increases and decreases) throughout. A northward range expansion was also detected by comparing blackgum’s historic range to where it was detected during our two more-recent sampling periods. Our findings suggest that blackgum is migrating north in response to climate change. Our study also suggests two broader implications about tree migration patterns in response to climate change: (1) species can respond to changing climate in relatively short time periods, at least for generalist species such as blackgum, and (2) climate-induced vegetation dynamic patterns can be detected at the regional level, but are inherently complex.     

厄尔尼诺事件对黑龙江省低温洪涝灾害的影响及其预报

在研究厄尔尼诺（拉尼娜）事件对黑龙江省低温洪涝灾害影响的基础上，提出一种表征厄尔尼诺的指数（ENI）。根据ENI谱分析结果，提出了一种厄尔尼诺事件和拉尼娜事件的统计预测方法。经1997年对强厄尔尼诺和1998年对拉尼娜事件预报检验证明，该方法可行，可在区域和省级短期气候预测中应用。     

基于改进线性光谱分离模型的植被覆盖度反演

线性光谱分离技术可以有效地提取像元水平上植被或其他端元(影像中的地物)的相对百分比,但是目前该技术在多光谱宽波段影像数据应用中,由于波段数量、波段宽度等的限制,估算精度离定量研究的水平仍有一定差距。鉴于此,本文提出了一种改进的线性光谱分离方法,该方法在对影像进行土地覆盖分类基础上进行分离,一方面同类土地覆盖类型内同种地物的光谱变异相对较小,更有利于端元选取;另一方面,分影像的地物种类数量明显少于整幅影像,更容易满足模型的适用条件,从而突破了波段数量限制,同时使地物光谱分离更具针对性,经过验证,该方法较传统分离方法相比植被覆盖度的反演精度可提高6.4%,用该方法实现了研究区的植被覆盖度的定量反演并对研究区植被覆盖度的空间结构进行了分析。