Hydrological projections of future climate change over the source region of Yellow River and Yangtze River in the Tibetan Plateau: A comprehensive assessment by coupling RegCM4 and VIC model

Understanding climate change impacts on hydrological regime and assessing future water supplies are essential to effective water resources management and planning, which is particularly true for the Tibetan Plateau (TP), one of the most vulnerable areas to climate change. In this study, future climate change in the TP was projected for 2041–2060 by a high‐resolution regional climate model, RegCM4, under 3 representative concentration pathways (RCPs): 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5. Response of all key hydrological elements, that is, evapotranspiration, surface run‐off, baseflow, and snowmelt, to future climate in 2 typical catchments, the source regions of Yellow and Yangtze rivers, was further investigated by the variable infiltration capacity microscale hydrological model incorporated with a 2‐layer energy balance snow model and a frozen soil/permafrost algorithm at a 0.25°×0.25° spatial scale. The results reveal that (a) spatial patterns of precipitation and temperature from RegCM4 agree fairly well with the data from China Meteorological Forcing Dataset, indicating that RegCM4 well reproduces historical climatic information and thus is reliable to support future projection; (b) precipitation increase by 0–70% and temperature rise by 1–4 °C would occur in the TP under 3 RCPs. A clear south‐eastern–north‐western spatial increasing gradient in precipitation would be seen. Besides, under RCP8.5, the peak increase in temperature would approach to 4 °C in spring and autumn in the east of the TP; (c) evapotranspiration would increase by 10–60% in 2 source regions due to the temperature rise, surface run‐off and baseflow in higher elevation region would experience larger increase dominantly due to the precipitation increase, and streamflow would display general increases by more than 3% and 5% in the source regions of Yellow and Yangtze rivers, respectively; (d) snowmelt contributes 11.1% and 16.2% to total run‐off in the source regions of Yellow and Yangtze rivers, respectively, during the baseline period. In the source region of Yangtze River, snowmelt run‐off would become more important with increase of 17.5% and 18.3%, respectively, under RCP2.6 and RCP4.5 but decrease of 15.0% under RCP8.5.     

Tectono-thermal evolution of middle-south section of the Da Hinggan Mountains

The tectonic settings of the different stages of the magmatic activity in the middle-south section of the Da Hinggan Mts. are analyzed through measuring the isotopic ages of the Mesozoic volcano-plutonic rocks from this area, and thus the tectono-magmatic evolution series are consequently determined as the initial mantle upwelling marked by the Late Triassic invasion of basic-ultrabasic rocks containing mantle-source enclaves, middle-upper crust extension marked by intrusion of the Early-Middle Jurassic diobase dike swarms, dramatic ruption of the Late Jurassic trachitic volcanic rocks, the Early Cretaceous nonorogenic alkalic-subalkalic granite invasion and the formation of the basic dike swarms and basalts. It is thus inferred that the uprise of the Da Hinggan Mts. in the Mesozoic is closely reiated to the upwelling of the deep magma in the mantle upwarping settings. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 249472143).     

Research Progress on the Problem of Fluid,Heat and Energy Distribution near the Earthquake Source Area

As the basic problems in seismology, fluid, heat and energy distribution near earthquake sources during earthquake generation have been the leading subjects of concern to seismologists. Currently, more and more research shows fluid around earthquake source areas, which plays an important role in the process of earthquake preparation and generation. However, there is considerable controversy over the source of fluid in the deep crust. As for the problem of heat around earthquake source areas, different models have been proposed to explain the stress heat flow paradox. Among them, the dynamic weakening model has been thought to be the key to solving the heat flow paradox issue. After large earthquakes, energy distribution is directly related to friction heat. It is of timely and important practical significance to immediately implement deep drilling in-site surveying to gain understanding of fluid, friction heat and energy distribution during earthquake generation. The latest international progress in fluid, heat and energy distribution research has been reviewed in this paper which will bring important inspiration for the understanding of earthquake preparation and occurrence.     

DETERMINATION OF TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF A SEDIMENTARY BASIN FROM SANDSTONE COMPONENTS

1 INTRODUCnONThe comPonents of terrigenous sedimenop rocks indicate not only provenance information, but alsotoctOnic evolution of basin. The chdrical composition of the soure rOCks is probaby the major conttDon the chendstry of sedimentny rocks although this can be greaily modified by subsequent Processes(Rollinson l993). Thus, through exndning Petrological and chendcal comPosihons of tenigenoussedlinmp rocks, the comPonentS of the provenance or somee rOCks - which are conunnly a fun…     

中国大陆强地震的成组活动和概率预报

根据到１９９１年底为止能够搜集到的资料，整理出大陆东部（λ≥１０８°Ｅ）及邻区Ｍ≥６地震目录、中国大陆西部（λ＜１０８°Ｅ）及邻区Ｍ≥７地震目录。东部收入地震２６１次，其中含邻区地震１００次；西部收入地震１５３次，其中含邻区地震５８次。这些地震被称作强地震。对它们的时空分布进行了全面分析，发现中国大陆有史以来强地震的大多数，在时间和空间中频繁地同时出现相对密集，构成各个地震组，在时空一体中表现出发生强地震的高概率。论述了划分地震组的原则和方法。根据历史地震资料情况，对中国大陆东部取１６００年，西部取１９００年为界，把地震活动分为早期活动和后期活动。早期资料有所丢失，地震活动的成组性表现得不如后期充分，在中国大陆东部自７７７年至１９８４年不包括东北深震的强地震之中，划分出２４个组。这２４个组占用时间的和为４３５年，占总时间跨度的３６．０％，而组内地震数之和为１１３，占同期同区地震总数的８４．３％。在中国大陆西部自公元前１９３年至公元１９８８年的强地震之中，划分出２１个组。这２１个组占用时间的和为２７０年，占总时间跨度的１２．４％；而组内地震数之和为６４，占同期同区地震总数的６８．１％。在后期的强地震中，中国大     

Characteristics of observed trace gaseous pollutants in the Yangtze Delta

The significant impacts on air quality and natural resources, such as land and forest, have taken place in Yangtze Delta in the last two decades, resulting from rapidly economic develop-ment in this region. The Yangtze Delta contains many cities and towns…     

Petrogenesis and significance of the Mesozoic North Taihang complex: Major and trace element evidence

The intensive Mesozoic magmatism in the North China Craton (NCC) has drawn great attention for its particular geochemical signatures (e.g. high-K), petrogenesis and tectonic setting. The North Taihang complex represents the westernmost magmatic belt of th…     

Observational study of the physical and chemical characteristics of the winter radiation fog in the tropical rainforest in Xishuangbanna,China

Science China Earth Sciences - We conducted a three-month field experiment focusing on the physical and chemical characteristics of fog in a tropical rainforest in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China,...     

阶跃响应测定地震计周期与阻尼的精度研究

对阶跃响应波形的时域测定与频域测定两种方法进行对比计算,结果表明,频域测定法的计算精度提高约1个数量级。研究地震计周期与阻尼参数的影响因素,应优先选用频域测定法。     

陕西周至及邻区地震活动分析

分析了陕西周至及附近的地震活动及有感地震的等震线特征，认为该区以孤立型小震或小震群活动为主，在较大范围内，地壳应力还是处于调整状态，近期发生中强以上地震的可能性不大。