应用K指数和TOT指数作江苏中期降水预报的试验

用国家气象中心的T63和T106中期数值预报产品，计算所划定区域的K指数和TOT指数作为预报因子，并统计与江苏省9个代表站降水的相关。用逐步回归方法建立了江苏省4－7月第4－6天的PP降水预报方程36个、MOS降水预报方程108个，多级判别临界值144组。在此基础上经统计制作江苏省降水概率预报。     

石家庄城市供水与气象条件

利用多元回归等统计方法逐月分析了气温、湿度、降水及风等气象因子与供水之间的关系 ,并对闷热指数、焚风等与供水量之间的相互关系和规律进行了分析 ,制作了短期供水预报。     

河南一次大范围强风暴天气特征综合分析

利用常规和加密实时探测资料,对河南一次大范围强风暴天气过程进行了综合分析,结果表明:这是一次东北冷涡稳定维持,河南受强西北气流影响下的一次大范围强对流天气.高空冷平流,近地面层有暖中心,大的对流有效位能是强风暴天气发生的不稳定层结条件;地面辐合线后东路弱冷空气扩散是强天气的触发机制.中等到强的垂直风切变有利于对流风暴的...     

2010年7月19日新乡大暴雨天气分析

利用常规观测资料、卫星云图资料、雷达回波和NCEP全球最终分析资料(FNL),对2010年7月19日新乡区域性大暴雨过程进行了诊断分析.结果表明:在西南涡与副高相互作用的天气形势下,中低层切变线等影响系统造成了这次区域性大暴雨;对流层中低层副高外围强盛的西南急流将海上充沛的水汽输送到大暴雨区并在此汇集,造成新乡地区上空...     

气候变暖对我国南方水稻可种植区的影响

利用我国南方稻区214站1961—2009年逐日气象资料,研究气候变化对南方水稻可种植区的影响。研究结果显示：气候变暖使南方稻区活动积温（日平均气温≥10℃）明显增加,49年增加了324.4℃?d。同时水稻生长季长度也明显延长,49年延长了17.9 d。双季稻可种植区北界明显北移,三季稻可种植区北界略有北移,20世纪60—80年代,双季稻可种植区仅限于长江以南地区,但21世纪初以来的10年双季稻可种植区北界移到长江以北,即向北推移近300 km,从而使新增双季稻可种植区扩展到四川东北部、贵州东部、重庆、湖北大部、安徽中部以及江苏南部。     

Signal simplification and cloud detection with an improved Douglas-Peucker algorithm for single-channel lidar

Single-channel lidar is a widely used system in atmospheric aerosol and cloud detection. However, many difficulties remain in the automatic and accurate identification of cloud from backscatter signals. Popular methods have been proposed, but there is still large uncertainty in cloud detection, especially when the signal-to-noise ratio is low. In this study, a signal simplification approach based on an improved Douglas-Peucker algorithm is proposed. The layer base and top are then selected using the simplified signal and the raw range-corrected signal. Finally, we use a peak-to-base ratio function to distinguish a cloud layer from a non-cloud layer. The detection results of our algorithm are remarkably better than those obtained using the differential zero-crossing method.     

Long-term simulations of the sulfur concentrations over the China, Japan and Korea: A model comparison study

Three comprehensive acid deposition models were used to simulate the sulfur concentrations over northeast Asia over the period covering entire year of 2002, and discussed the aggregated uncertainties and discrepancies of the three models. The participating models are from the countries participating in the project of Longrange Transboundary Air Pollutants in Northeast Asia (LTP): China, Japan and Korea. The Eulerian Model-3/CMAQ (by China), Regional Air Quality Model (RAQM, by Japan), and Comprehensive Acid Deposition Model (CADM, by Korea) were employed by each country with common emissions data established by the administrative agencies of China, Japan and Korea. The episodic simulation results between 1 to 15, March 2002 are also presented, during which aircraft measurements were carried out over the Yellow sea. The episodic results show both a wide short-term variability in simulations against measurements, and maximum concentration differences of 3～5 times among the three models, requiring that further attention before confidence among the three models can be claimed for short-term simulations. However, the year-long cumulative simulations showed almost the same general features, with lower aggregated uncertainties between the three models, produced by the long term integration over northeast Asia.     

气候变暖对刚察县采暖气象指标的影响及节能潜力分析

利用青海省刚察县1961—2008年逐日气温资料,运用数理统计等方法,分析了该地区采暖期气象条件变化及节能潜力。结果表明,1961—2008年间,刚察县采暖期平均气温上升,负积温减少,采暖初日推迟、终日提前,采暖长度明显缩短;采暖度日与采暖期平均气温关系密切,采暖度日呈极显著下降趋势,特别是1994年气温突变后,下降趋势更加明显,冬季寒冷程度有所减弱,能耗需求量减小;该县采暖能源需求异常偏多主要分布在20世纪60年代,偏多年份以70—80年代为主,偏少年份出现在80年代中期以后,主要集中在2000年以后。气候变暖所致采暖节能率为7%,这对节约能源、减少大气污染和温室气体排放较为有利。     

天津地区一次对流性降水过程雨滴谱特征分析

激光雨滴谱仪是天津人影部门近年新引入的探测设备,它对降水过程的即时监测具有重要意义。本文基于LPM-THIES激光雨滴谱仪探测资料,对天津地区2015年7月19日的对流性降水过程进行了分析。研究显示:雨滴谱仪和翻斗雨量计所获取的逐时降水其变化趋势存在一致性,但雨滴谱仪获得的累积雨量要偏大;降水过程的时空差异性大,不同测站雨强差异明显,4站降水粒子平均直径介于0.40~0.64mm,且2.0mm以下的降水粒子占到了粒子总数的95%以上;降水时段的雨强与雷达反射率的起伏变化十分明显,雨滴数浓度基本上处于103量级;蓟县站3个时次的瞬时谱均呈现单峰型分布,且峰值位于0.5mm附近。     

Influence of Springtime Atlantic SST on ENSO:Role of the Madden-Julian Oscillation

Increased evidence has shown the important role of Atlantic sea surface temperature(SST) in modulating the El Nio-Southern Oscillation(ENSO). Persistent anomalies of summer Madden-Julian Oscillation(MJO) act to link the Atlantic SST anomalies(SSTAs) to ENSO. The Atlantic SSTAs are strongly correlated with the persistent anomalies of summer MJO, and possibly affect MJO in two major ways. One is that an anomalous cyclonic(anticyclonic) circulation appears over the tropical Atlantic Ocean associated with positive(negative) SSTA in spring, and it intensifies(weakens) the Walker circulation. Equatorial updraft anomaly then appears over the Indian Ocean and the eastern Pacific Ocean, intensifying MJO activity over these regions. The other involves a high pressure(low pressure) anomaly associated with the North Atlantic SSTA tripole pattern that is transmitted to the mid-and low-latitudes by a circumglobal teleconnection pattern, leading to strong(weak) convective activity of MJO over the Indian Ocean. The above results offer new viewpoints about the process from springtime Atlantic SSTA signals to summertime atmospheric oscillation, and then to the MJO of tropical atmosphere affecting wintertime Pacific ENSO events, which connects different oceans.