中国气象科学研究院及专业研究所2008年度学术年会隆重举行

“中国气象科学研究院及专业研究所2008年度学术年会”2009年2月12-13日在广东省清远市隆重举行。来自中国气象局科技发展司、中国气象科学研究院和局8个专业研究所、各省市气象局、大专院校等24个单位的领导和专家学者150多名出席了会议。     

Numerical Simulation of Sand Shoreline Evolution Under Action of Regular Waves and Irregular Waves

Based on the singleline theory, a numerical simulation is presented to predict the shoreline evolution on sand beach. A parabolic equation of longshore sediment transport and boundary conditions are proposed. The combined effect of wave diffraction and refraction on the shoreline evolution on the downdrift side of the breakwater is taken into account and is calculated using the theory of regular waves and irregular waves. The present model is verified by the field observation data of erosion for half a year on the downdrift side of a harbor, and compared with some experimental results. The numerical results are in good agreement with the field measured and experimental data.     

Physical Modeling and Parametric Study on Two-Degree-of-Freedom VIV of A Cylinder near Rigid Wall

Unlike most previous studies on the transverse vortex-induced vibration(VIV) of a cylinder mainly under the wallfree condition (Williamson & Govardhan,2004),this paper experimentally investigates the vortex-induced vibration of a cylinder with two degrees of freedom near a rigid wall exposed to steady flow.The amplitude and frequency responses of the cylinder are discussed.The lee wake flow patterns of the cylinder undergoing VIV were visualized by employing the hydrogen bubble technique.The effects of the gap-to-diameter ratio (e0/D) and the mass ratio on the vibration amplitude and frequency are analyzed.Comparisons of VIV response of the cylinder are made between one degree (only transverse) and two degrees of freedom (streamwise and transverse) and those between the present study and previous ones.The experimental observation indicates that there are two types of streamwise vibration,i.e.the first streamwise vibration (FSV) with small amplitude and the second streamwise vibration (SSV) which coexists with transverse vibration.The vortex shedding pattem for the FSV is approximately symmetric and that for the SSV is alternate.The first streamwise vibration tends to disappear with the decrease of e0/D.For the case of large gap-to-diameter ratios (e.g.e0/D = 0.54～1.58),the maximum amplitudes of the second streamwise vibration and transverse one increase with the increasing gapto-diameter ratio.But for the case of small gap-to-diameter ratios (e.g.e0/D = 0.16,0.23),the vibration amplitude of the cylinder increases slowly at the initial stage (i.e.at small reduced velocity V,),and across the maximum amplitude it decreases quickly at the last stage (i.e.at large Vr).Within the range ofthe examined small mass ratio (m＜4),both streamwise and transverse vibration amplitude of the cylinder decrease with the increase of mass ratio for the fixed value of V,.The vibration range (in terms of Vr ) tends to widen with the decrease of the mass ratio.In the second streamwise vibration region,the vibration frequency of the cylinder with a small mass ratio (e.g.mx = 1.44) undergoes a jump at a certain Vr,.The maximum amplitudes of the transverse vibration for two-degree-of-freedom case is larger than that for one-degree-of-freedom case,but the transverse vibration frequency of the cylinder with two degrees of freedom is lower than that with one degree of freedom (transverse).     

Strong motions and engineering structure performances in recent major earthquakes

In recent years, a series of major earthquakes occurred, which resulted in considerable engineering damage and collapse, triggered heavy geological haz-ards, and caused extremely high casualties and huge property and economic loss.     

Preliminary site classification of free-field strong motion stations based on Wenchuan earthquake records

During the great Wenchuan earthquake, about 460 permanent free-field stations in National Strong Motion Observation Network System (NSMONS) of China captured the main shock acceleration records. These records can be applied to site effect analyses, and then the site classification of those permanent stations can be carried out firstly, which will served as the fundamental information for further research. In this paper, the site of near-fault stations is classified by horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (...     

2008年度国家自然科学基金项目指南

面上项目指南 地球科学是人类认识地球的一门基础科学.它以地球系统及其组成部分为研究对象,探究发生在其中的各种现象、过程及过程之间的相互作用,以提高对地球的认识水平,并利用获取的知识为解决人类生存与可持续发展中的资源供给、环境保护、减轻灾害等重大问题提供科学依据与技术支撑.     

NMR技术评价油田高温堵剂调剖效果

开采稠油的主要方式是注蒸汽，其中包括蒸汽驱和蒸汽吞吐，随着蒸汽吞吐的次数增加，稠油的采出量依次递减。由于油层的非均质性严重，蒸汽首先进入高渗层，高渗透地层的稠油首先被采出，低渗透率地层采出很少，之后的蒸汽都进入高渗低层，即产生汽窜，所谓的低效蒸汽，蒸汽冷凝后形成热水，受到重力作用进入底部油层，降低了蒸汽的利用率；同时，由于蒸汽的重力履和沿高渗透地层窜流，使蒸汽在地层中的波及系数降低。为了克服蒸汽驱中的问题，国内外学者进行了大量的研究。通过注入一种流体－调剖剂，由于它的高粘度高渗透层后，将减少高渗通道的渗透率，消除“汽窜”，封堵高渗透地层，提高中低渗透油层的动用程度，提高原油产量和采收率。本文利用核磁共振成像（NMR）无损检测技术，对蒸汽驱SAD－□型高温调剖剂进行岩心动态评价实验，考察该调剖剂的热稳定性以及堵剂的封堵效果。     

Trend in Observed and Projected Maximum and Minimum Temperature over N-W Himalayan Basin

Recently, study in past trends of climate variables gained significant consideration because of its contribution in adaptions and mitigation strategies for potential future changes in climate, primarily in the area of water resource management. Future interannual and inter-seasonal variations in maximum and minimum temperature may bring significant changes in hydrological systems and affect regional water resources. The present study has been performed to observe past(1970-2010) as well as future(2011-2100)spatial and temporal variability in temperature(maximum and minimum) over selected stations of Sutlej basin located in North-Western Himalayan region in India. The generation of future time series of temperature data at different stations is done using statistical downscaling technique. The nonparametric test methods, modified Mann-Kendall test and Cumulative Sum chart are used for detecting monotonic trend and sequential shift in time series of maximum and minimum temperature. Sen’s slope estimator test is used to detect the magnitude of change over a period of time on annual and seasonal basis. The cooling experienced in annual TMax and TMin at Kasol in past(1970-2010) would be replaced by warming in future as increasing trends are detected in TMax during 2020 s and 2050 s and in TMin during 2020 s, 2050 s and 2080 s under A1 B and A2 scenarios. Similar results of warming are also predicted at Sunnifor annual TMin in future under both scenarios which witnessed cooling during 1970-2010. The rise in TMin at Rampur is predicted to be continued in future as increasing trends are obtained under both the scenarios. Seasonal trend analysis reveals large variability in trends of TMax and TMin over these stations for the future periods.     

2009年度国家自然科学基金项目指南(地球科学部分)

面上项目指南地球科学是人类认识地球的一门基础科学。它以地球系统及其组成部分为研究对象,探究发生在其中的各种现象、过程及过程之间的相互作用,以提高对地球的认识水平,并利用获取的知识为解决人类生存与可持续发展中的资源供给、环境保护、减轻灾害等重大问题提供科学依据     

REMOTE SENSING OF THE SEASONAL VARIATION IN COLUMN ABUNDANCE OF ATMOSPHERIC CH_4

Infrared solar spectra on clear days were measured automatically by an infrared solarspectrometer(ISS)with 0.4 cm~(-1) resolution developed by us.A line-by line(LBL)computationmethod was used to calculate theoretical atmospheric absorption.In the wavelength range of 3.410—3.438 μm.the absorption is mainly due to atmospheric methane and water vapor.Columnatmospheric methane was retrieved from the recorded infrared solar spectra.The seasonal variationof column atmospheric methane in Hefei has been obtained from the measuremental data of nearly18 months since the April of 1997.and found that it is similar to that of background data.Theinstruments.principles of measurement and some of results were introduced,and the results arealso discussed briefly in the paper.