工程软岩表面形态及其摩擦特性研究

在自然状态和接触面掺泥两种情况下,进行了砂岩、泥岩破裂面及其互层接触的摩擦试验。结果表明:在接触面掺泥时,抗剪强度的粘聚力和内摩擦角都有不同程度的降低,其中粘聚力下降明显,并且摩擦位移与剪应力关系曲线有明显不同,而且粘滑现象明显减弱。结合摩擦试验,研究了砂岩、泥岩在摩擦前后破裂面表面形态的变化,分析了它们的粗糙度及其起伏特性在摩擦前后的变化规律,以及表面特性和摩擦强度的关系。      

Perturbed solution of sea-air oscillator for the El Nino/ La Nina-Southern Oscillation mechanism

A class of coupled system of the El Nino/La Nina-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) mechanism is studied. Using the perturbed theory, the asymptotic expansions of the solution for ENSO model are obtained and the asymptotic behavior of solution for corresponding problem is considered.     

利用数字强震仪记录实时仿真地动位移

随着现代强震仪及通讯技术的发展, 强震动观测资料的应用范围愈来愈广, 强震观测可以拓展到地震观测领域, 强震数据的实时仿真是这一拓展的基础. 为适应这一发展趋势, 在笔者曾经提出的单自由度系统地震反应递归公式的基础上, 本文提出了一套基于地震仪原理, 及长周期单自由度系统地震动力反应原理的由宽频带强震动记录仿真位移记录的新方法. 研究表明此方法是有效的, 可广泛应用于地震监测.      

金厂特大型金矿床的地质特征与成因研究

金厂特大型金矿床产于吉黑东部兴凯地块太平岭隆起与老黑山断陷的交接部位,矿区外围出露新元古界黄松群变质岩系。本区燕山期岩浆活动可分为5期,分别为燕山早期第一阶段闪长岩(δ52-1)、燕山早期第二阶段文象花岗岩(γo52-2)、燕山早期第三阶段花岗岩(γ52-3)、燕山晚期第一阶段花岗斑岩(γπ53-1)、燕山晚期第二阶段闪长玢岩脉(δμ53-2),形成岩浆穹窿型构造和隐爆角砾岩筒构造,并叠加大规模的热液蚀变活动,金矿化与第4、5期岩浆活动紧密相关。金矿矿体产状有三种类型:岩浆穹窿构造型、隐爆角砾岩型和环状放射状断裂型。矿石类型主要有含金黄铁矿化石英脉、含金石英黄铁矿脉、含金多金属硫化物石英脉、含金黄铁矿化方解石脉等。金矿成矿年龄为119.40 -122.53 Ma。金矿体受统一的构造-岩浆流体蚀变系统控制,成矿物质来源于深部,成矿流体为岩浆水,晚阶段有少量大气水加入。成矿环境为中高温、中等压力,流体盐度为中等偏高,流体性质为弱碱性、弱还原性,属于K -Na - Ca2 -Cl--SO42-型流体。金在成矿流体中以[Au(HS)2]-、[AuCl2]-、[Au(CO3)]-及[Au(HCO3)2]-等络合物形式存在,当温度、压力下降时,溶液由酸性演化为弱酸性再到弱碱性时,络合物离解,金沉淀成矿。     

New Seismic Zoning Map of Chin a and Its Application in Earthquake Disaster Mitigation

The New Seismic Zoning Map of China was prepared from 1987 to 1990 and officially promulgated in 1991.In comparison with the previous two seismic zoning maps prepared in 1957 and 1977,some new methods were applied to upgrade the method currently used for seismic hazard analysis.First,a probabilistic method was used instead of the deterministic analysis was used for previous mapping.Second,by taking advantages of the long history of historical seismic data in China,the nonhomogeneity of seismicity both in space and in time has been fully considered and hence the over-and/or underestimation of seismic hazard could be avoided.Third,the results of middle-and long-term earthquake prediction based on tectonic evidence have been incorporated into seismic hazard analysis.In addition,the attenuation laws for both intensity and peak acceleration of strong motion as the mapping parameters are also presented.Finally,an evaluation of the New Seismic Map and its effect on engineering application,such as aseismic desi     

A Qualitative Appraisal of China’s Efforts in Fishing Capacity Management

I Introduction Many of the world’s commercially important fishstocks are overexploited and some are even depleted(FAO 1997, 2005). Overcapacity is considered to be amain factor leading to such a tragedy (FAO, 1999). Con-sequently, the existence of excess capacity has been sin-gled out by FAO (1995, 1998, 1999) as a matter of grow-ing concern over the last decades or so. This represents amajor shift in the fishery policy at the international level,from focusing almost exclusively on the is…     

Nonlinear Dynamic Responses of Tension Leg Platform with Slack-Taut Tether

The slack-taut state of tether is a particular adverse circumstance,which may influence the normal operation state of tension leg platform (TLP).The dynamic responses of TLP with slack-taut tenor are studied with consideration of several nonlinear factors introduced by large amphliude motions.The time histories of stresses of tethers of a typical TLP in slacktaut state are given.In addition,the sensitivities of slack to stiffness and mass are investigated by varying the stiffness of tether and mass of TLP.It is found that slack is sensitive to the mass of TLP.The critical curved surfaces (over which indicates the slack) for the increase of mass are obtained.     

关于缓解黄河断流的对策与建议

近年来,中国科学院院士为解决我国水资源紧缺问题,开展了一系列咨询活动,在１９９７年１１月向国务院提交的《中国水问题的出路》咨询建议中,明确指出“水问题将成为２１世纪我国经济发展最突出的重大问题”。鉴于华北地区水资源严重缺乏,黄河断流时间年趋延长,断流河段不断延伸,断流频次不断增加,１９９８年中国科学院地学部院士将黄河断流问题作为重点咨询内容,通过召开座谈会、研讨会,与４０余位有关专家共商缓解黄河断流对策。７月上旬,两院院士、专家对黄河中下游的山东、河南、陕西、宁夏四省区２０余个市、地、县进行了实地考察,并分别与四省区政府、有关管理部门、黄河水利委员会百余位专家和技术人员、当地干部等进行了６次座谈,在广泛听取各级政府和专家意见的基础上,向国务院提出了《关于缓解黄河断流的对策与建议》。《建议》详细说明了黄河下游断流的严峻态势,强调黄河下游的频繁断流不仅直接影响到工农业生产,更为严重的是黄河下游长期处于小流量或断流状态,使淤积在下游河道内泥沙的主要位置由滩地转向主河槽;而淤积则使黄河中下游尤其是下游防汛日益困难,洪灾威胁在逐年加剧。一旦遭遇特大洪水,将会再次出现黄河决口改道的灾难。《建议》指出“黄河断流有自然因素     

2000年度国家自然科学基金项目指南

近三年来,地球科学部逐步把资助的重点调整到地球各圈层的相互作用研究,以推动地球系统科学的发展。优先资助全球变化、大陆动力学、资源环境、减灾与可持续发展等领域的基础研究工作。在努力控制已有资助规模的基础上,并根据地球科学向学科间大跨度交叉渗透日益加强的特点,强化对创新性强的学科交叉基础研究项目的支持力度。从１９９５年起实施向学科交叉项目单列宏观调控经费的办法,以强化支持力度。１９９５年２００万元起步,逐年有所增加,在科学部和学科两个层次上掌握宏观调控经费,着重支持创新性强的基础研究项目和学科交叉项…     

上海南汇地区环境变迁与经济开发及其政区演变的相关研究

通过长时段的考察，揭示上海南汇地区政区演变的内在规律及其与环境变迁、经济开发的相关性特征，并剖析其现状不合理性产生的根源，提出区划调整的基本思路。