Distinct groundwater recharge sources and geochemical evolution of two adjacent sub-basins in the lower Shule River Basin,northwest China

Based on analysis of groundwater hydrogeochemical and isotopic data, this study aims to identify the recharge sources and understand geochemical evolution of groundwater along the downstream section of the Shule River, northwest China, including two sub-basins. Groundwater samples from the Tashi sub-basin show markedly depleted stable isotopes compared to those in the Guazhou sub-basin. This difference suggests that groundwater in the Tashi sub-basin mainly originates from meltwater in the Qilian Mountains, while the groundwater in the Guazhou sub-basin may be recharged by seepage of the Shule River water. During the groundwater flow process in the Tashi sub-basin, minerals within the aquifer material (e.g., halite, calcite, dolomite, gypsum) dissolve in groundwater. Mineral dissolution leads to strongly linear relationships between Na⁺ and Cl^? and between Mg²⁺+ Ca²⁺ and SO₄ ^2??+?HCO₃ ^?, with stoichiometry ratios of approximately 1:1 in both cases. The ion-exchange reaction plays a dominant role in hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in the Guazhou sub-basin and causes a good linear relationship between (Mg²⁺+ Ca²⁺)–(SO₄ ^2??+?HCO₃ ^?) and (Na⁺+ K⁺)–Cl^? with a slope of ?0.89 and also results in positive chloroalkaline indices CAI 1 and CAI 2. The scientific results have implications for groundwater management in the downstream section of Shule River. As an important irrigation district in Hexi Corridor, groundwater in the Guazhou sub-basin should be used sustainably and rationally because its recharge source is not as abundant as expected. It is recommended that the surface water should be used efficiently and routinely, while groundwater exploitation should be limited as much as possible.     

地震速报区域的自动确认——以内蒙古测震台网为例

针对当前省级区域测震台网在判别边界地震是否需要速报的问题,基于内蒙古自治区行政区域的边界数据,利用几何学中包络线原理,在Matlab中将内蒙古地震速报范围以包络线的形式呈现,解译Msdp地震分析软件的数据接口,实现内蒙古地震速报区域在Msdp软件中的自动确认;对比分析地震速报区域自动确认功能的结果与现阶段手动量取方式判别地震事件是否需要速报的结果,表明地震速报区域的自动确认可提高速报业务软件系统的自动化程度,简化地震速报工作的操作流程,减少速报用时,提高速报工作的准确度。     

呼和浩特—包头盆地震源应力场状态分析

为了分析呼和浩特—包头盆地现今应力场状态,基于内蒙古地震台网记录的地震波形资料,运用振幅比方法获取2000—2016年该盆地及周边M_L≥2.7地震的震源机制解,计算其一致性参数,并反演区域应力场。结果表明,震源机制解特征主要表现为走滑特征,一致性参数空间分布处于低值状态,力轴方位基本与该区的应力场背景特征相符,即主压应力方位为北东、张应力方位为北西。     

Assessment of PPP integer ambiguity resolution using GPS,GLONASS and BeiDou (IGSO,MEO) constellations

Although integer ambiguity resolution (IAR) can improve positioning accuracy considerably and shorten the convergence time of precise point positioning (PPP), it requires an initialization time of over 30 min. With the full operation of GLONASS globally and BDS in the Asia–Pacific region, it is necessary to assess the PPP–IAR performance by simultaneous fixing of GPS, GLONASS, and BDS ambiguities. This study proposed a GPS + GLONASS + BDS combined PPP–IAR strategy and processed PPP–IAR kinematically and statically using one week of data collected at 20 static stations. The undifferenced wide- and narrow-lane fractional cycle biases for GPS, GLONASS, and BDS were estimated using a regional network, and undifferenced PPP ambiguity resolution was performed to assess the contribution of multi-GNSSs. Generally, over 99% of a posteriori residuals of wide-lane ambiguities were within ±0.25 cycles for both GPS and BDS, while the value was 91.5% for GLONASS. Over 96% of narrow-lane residuals were within ±0.15 cycles for GPS, GLONASS, and BDS. For kinematic PPP with a 10-min observation time, only 16.2% of all cases could be fixed with GPS alone. However, adding GLONASS improved the percentage considerably to 75.9%, and it reached 90.0% when using GPS + GLONASS + BDS. Not all epochs could be fixed with a correct set of ambiguities; therefore, we defined the ratio of the number of epochs with correctly fixed ambiguities to the number of all fixed epochs as the correct fixing rate (CFR). Because partial ambiguity fixing was used, when more than five ambiguities were fixed correctly, we considered the epoch correctly fixed. For the small ratio criteria of 2.0, the CFR improved considerably from 51.7% for GPS alone, to 98.3% when using GPS + GLONASS + BDS combined solutions.     

Observational estimation of heat budgets on drifting ice and open water over the Arctic Ocean

It is of major scientific interests to determine the parameters of momentum, heat and vapor exchange in the planetary boundary layer in order to study the effects of ocean-ice-atmosphere interactions and their feedback mechanisms on global climate[1]. Lin…     

高产水稻理想株型的灰色关联度分析

应用灰色关联分析方法 ,分析了 6个水稻品种 2 1个株型性状对单株产量的影响。结果表明 :单株产量与 2 1个株型性状的关联序依次为 :剑叶厚 >倒二叶厚 >剑叶宽 >倒二叶宽 >倒二叶鞘长 >剑叶鞘长 >倒二叶弦长 >倒三叶宽 >倒三叶厚 >倒三叶鞘长 >剑叶长 >倒二叶长 >倒三叶长 >剑叶弦长 >倒三叶弦长 >倒三叶基夹角 >倒三叶叶开角 >剑叶叶开角 >剑叶基夹角 >倒二叶基夹角 >倒二叶叶开角。     

国土资源科技基础信息分析系统的设计与实现

本文从需求分析、系统整体设计、系统实现与应用三个方面介绍了国土资源科技基础信息分析系统。系统旨在实现科技统计数据采集、传输、审核、汇总、管理与分析的全流程信息化,创新科技信息服务,为国土资源科技管理与决策提供服务和支撑。     

Using Array Methods to Identify and Process Weak Signals Generated by the Brightlight(Ⅰ) 50t Explosion

Waveforms generated by the 50t explosion of project Brightlight(Ⅰ) were recorded by HILR array.Using array techniques,the author performed identification,f-k analysis,velocity spectrum analysis,etc.of the weak signals.The analysis results show that the signal-to-noise ratio after beamforming was obviously enhanced,and the signal could be clearly shown.The energy from this explosion was mainly concentrated in the 1 ～ 8Hz range from f-k analysis.The velocity spectrum gave clear positions of event phases,which could not be seen in the original weak signals.The maximum energy distribution obtained by the Beaman method is close to the theoretical value in the azimuth-slowness domain.     

Inverse Analysis of Deep Excavation Using Differential Evolution Algorithm

This paper presents the applications of the differential evolution (DE) algorithm in back analysis of soil parameters for deep excavation problems. A computer code, named Python‐based DE, is developed and incorporated into the commercial finite element software ABAQUS, with a parallel computing technique to run an FE analysis for all trail vectors of one generation in DE in multiple cores of a cluster, which dramatically reduces the computational time. A synthetic case and a well‐instrumented real case, that is, the Taipei National Enterprise Center (TNEC) project, are used to demonstrate the capability of the proposed back‐analysis procedure. Results show that multiple soil parameters are well identified by back analysis using a DE optimization algorithm for highly nonlinear problems. For the synthetic excavation case, the back‐analyzed parameters are basically identical to the input parameters that are used to generate synthetic response of wall deflection. For the TNEC case with a total of nine parameters to be back analyzed, the relative errors of wall deflection for the last three stages are 2.2, 1.1, and 1.0%, respectively. Robustness of the back‐estimated parameters is further illustrated by a forward prediction. The wall deflection in the subsequent stages can be satisfactorily predicted using the back‐analyzed soil parameters at early stages. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

微型堆仪器中子活化分析测定水系沉积物中多个元素

本实验以微型核反应堆为中子源用仪器中子活化分析对水系沉积物中的30个元素常规测定进行了研究。样品在长照射后从第四天开始直到第八天进行每天一次的跟踪测试。研究了有关元素的最佳冷却时间,从而得到了最佳探测限。以GSD-11和GSD-8为标准监控样品,对实验结果的精密度和近似检测限进行了计算。长照测试元素La、Sc、As、Sb、Na、W、Gd和Sm的相对标准偏差小于5％,Th、U、Yb、Ta、Rb、K、Fe小于10％,Ho、Ce、Ga、Lu、Br小于15％,Eu、Cs小于20％。短照测试元素为Mg、Al、Mn、