鲜水河断裂带古构造残余应力随深度分布及带中残余能量

本文介绍了测量岩体中三维区域残余应力和嵌镶残余应力及其弹性应变能密度的方法,并给出了鲜水河断裂带上的5个大口径深钻孔岩芯的具体测量结果,分析了鲜水河断裂带古构造残余应力及残余应变能密度沿深度的分布规律。结果表明,残余应力及残余弹性应变能密度均随深度的增加而增大。本文还估算了该断裂带岩体中储存的残余弹性应变能的量级。     

东北松嫩平原生态系统服务价值损失的的估算

1IntroductionEcosystems around the globe create and maintain an environment suitable for the continuation of human life. Ecosystems supply goods such as timber, pharmaceuticals, and seafood, and so provide services including purification of air and water,…     

海水BOD快速测量技术研究

本文在分析淡水BOD快速测量技术基础上，对快速测量方法中：生物膜光纤传感器法、微生物膜电极法和生物反应器法进行了比较，生物反应器法具有：直接从水样中培养复合生物菌群；菌群的活性由系统自动调节外部条件来保证等特点，在培养出耐盐微生物菌群和进一步提高仪器检测灵敏度的条件下，可以应用于海水BOD快速测量。     

恩诺沙星在凡纳滨对虾体内的代谢和残留消除规律

在26±2℃水温下,每天投喂含有恩诺沙星药物的饲料,研究恩诺沙星在凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vanname肌肉、肠和肝胰脏组织中的代谢和残留消除规律。残留药物用乙腈提取,液相色谱串联质谱仪检测。结果表明:恩诺沙星在凡纳滨对虾体内可代谢为环丙沙星,对虾体内同时有恩诺沙星和环丙沙星两种药物残留;环丙沙星在肌肉、肝胰脏和肠组织中的消除时间分别为6、8、10 d,而恩诺沙星在这三组织中的消除时间则为12、14、16 d。建议把肠作为该药残留监控的靶组织,凡纳滨对虾的休药期不少于16 d。     

黄河流域不同时间尺度干旱对ENSO事件的响应

利用黄河流域1963-2012年逐月气温和降水量数据,计算了各气象站点不同时间尺度的标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI),通过对不同时间尺度SPEI与Niño 3.4区海洋表面温度距平(SSTA)的时空相关性进行分析,揭示不同时间尺度干旱对ENSO事件的响应及ENSO事件对黄河流域不同区域降水量和气温的影响。结果表明:(1)黄河流域1、3、6个月时间尺度的干旱在各时间段均有发生,12、24个月时间尺度的干旱主要发生在20世纪末和21世纪初的近20年。黄河上游和中游地区不同时间尺度的SPEI与SSTA均呈负相关关系,下游地区呈正相关关系。(2)黄河流域不同时间尺度的SPEI与SSTA相关性在空间分布上具有显著的差异性。久治站以上的黄河上游地区、中游地区的宁夏、内蒙古、陕西和山西的北部以及下游地区均呈正相关关系,其余地区呈负相关关系。全流域1、3、6、12个月和24个月时间尺度的相关性系数通过0.05显著性检验的站点占总站点数分别为14%、43%、61%、75%和44%。(3)ENSO事件强度与降水量在黄河上游地区的相关性较弱,在中游和下游地区呈显著的负相关性,强度增大时降水量下降,减弱时降水量上升。全流域ENSO事件强度与气温呈显著的正相关性,强度增大时温度有上升趋势。其中El Niño对气温有抬高的趋势,La Niña对气温有降低的趋势。     

Effect of Wetland Reclamation on Soil Organic Carbon Stability in Peat Mire Soil Around Xingkai Lake in Northeast China

Content and density of soil organic carbon(SOC) and labile and stable SOC fractions in peat mire soil in wetland, soybean field and rice paddy field reclaimed from the wetland around Xingkai Lake in Northeast China were studied. Studies were designed to investigate the impact of reclamation of wetland for soybean and rice farming on stability of SOC. After reclamation, SOC content and density in the top 0–30 cm soil layer decreased, and SOC content and density in soybean field were higher than that in paddy field. Content and density of labile SOC fractions also decreased, and density of labile SOC fractions and their ratios with SOC in soybean field were lower than that observed in paddy field. In the 0–30 cm soil layer, densities of labile SOC fractions, namely, dissolved organic carbon(DOC), microbial biomass carbon(MBC), readily oxidized carbon(ROC) and readily mineralized carbon(RMC), in both soybean field and paddy field were all found to be lower than those in wetland by 34.00% and 13.83%, 51.74% and 35.13%, 62.24% and 59.00%, and 64.24% and 17.86%, respectively. After reclamation, SOC density of micro-aggregates( 0.25 mm) as a stable SOC fraction and its ratio with SOC in 0–5, 5–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm soil layers increased. SOC density of micro-aggregates in the 0–30 cm soil layer in soybean field was 50.83% higher than that in paddy field. Due to reclamation, SOC density and labile SOC fraction density decreased, but after reclamation, most SOC was stored in a more complex and stable form. Soybean farming is more friendly for sustainable SOC residence in the soils than rice farming.     

中国荒漠主要植物群落调查的意义、现状及方案

荒漠是中国北方的重要生态系统,约占中国陆地总面积的1/5。植物群落是荒漠生态系统的有机组成部分,是构建中国北方绿色生态屏障、实施国家重大生态工程、落实“一带一路”倡议和建设生态文明的重要基础资源,在国家社会、生态和经济活动中发挥着重要作用。以塔里木-准噶尔盆地荒漠区、青藏高原高寒荒漠区、阿拉善高原-河西走廊荒漠区、西鄂尔多斯高原-阴山北麓荒漠区、内蒙古中东部半干旱荒漠区为主要调查区域,共布设2 300个调查点,以查清中国北方荒漠植物群落类型、种类组成、群落学特性、空间分布、利用现状及生境特征,测定荒漠植物DNA条形码。获取荒漠植物样本8 300份,生境数据5万份,植物DNA条形码2 300份。以此为基础,编写中国荒漠植物群落类型、特征与现状调查报告,编制荒漠植物群落类型分布图集,建立中国荒漠植物群落资源监测体系。通过构建荒漠植物群落的数据库,利用国家科技基础条件平台,实现荒漠植物群落特征数据的联网共享,可为中国荒漠治理、植物资源保护与可持续利用提供数据支撑。     

三江平原沼泽湿地时空动态特征

1IntroductionThe wetland ecosystem is the latest one understood by humans and it is the most seriously damaged ecosystem (Williams, 1991). The Sanjiang Plain, located in northeast China, is the largest concentrated area of freshwater wetland in China. Since the 1950s, large-scale reclamation of the marsh in the Sanjiang Plain has been started. According to statistics, the natural marsh has lost about 80% of its total area. The marsh resources in the Sanjiang Plain decreased greatly and the…     

基于BERT-BiLSTM-CRF的中文地址解析方法

中文地址解析是地址匹配的重要环节,广泛应用于地址检索、地理编码和地址信息识别等方面.但传统地址解析方法存在覆盖度有限、人工参与过多和泛化能力较差等问题.为发挥深度学习模型在深层结构上自动学习上下文特征的优势,提出一种基于BERT-BiLSTM-CRF深度学习模型的中文地址解析方法:依据中文地址要素多级分类体系,扩展BIOES标注方法并进行地址语料标注;基于预训练语言模型,构建融合BERT、BiLSTM和CRF的综合深度学习模型,通过BERT预训练语言模型获取富含语义信息的字符向量,弥补静态词向量特异性缺失的问题,提高复杂地址要素的提取能力.以2019年深圳市地址数据为例进行模型性能评估,该方法对于多数中文地址要素的解析准确率达90％以上;相比IDCNN-CRF和BiLSTM-CRF等深度学习模型,该方法对只具有小规模地址语料时的地址解析效果更优,且在解析多种地址要素类型时能保持良好的性能.     

Numerical simulation and experimental research on air reverse circulation bit interior fluid territory

By using fluent fluid engineer emulator software to simulate negative pressure formed inside the injector added in the reverse-circulation sampling drilling bit, at six angles of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 degrees. The pressure distributing nephogram and the corresponding numerical value gotten compared with the experiment data received by an injector with 6 angles designed by emulation the conclusion. It has been found that the two values are coincident essentially. The article shows that using emulator technology to design optimizely is credible and simple. The cost is low and the design cycle is short compared with the method through experience and test.