Mechanisms of enhanced ocean surface warming in the Kuroshio region for 1951–2010

Climate Dynamics - Since the early twentieth century, observations have shown that the ocean surface has warmed almost globally, but the rate of sea surface temperature (SST) rise in the Kuroshio...     

基于EtherCAT的六自由度自平衡平台设计

为解决传统自平衡平台响应速度慢、控制精度低的问题,本文提出了基于EtherCAT总线的六自由度自平衡平台设计方法,由6台支持EtherCAT通信的伺服驱动器带动6条电动缸做伸缩运动,平台的倾角数据由陀螺仪读取并通过EtherCAT传输到主站,并利用自抗扰控制算法对平台进行精确控制.实验结果表明,所设计平台具有低延时和较高的抗干扰能力等优点.     

Fish Canyon Tuff榍石He扩散及(U- Th)/He年代学研究

榍石富含U和Th,是(U-Th)/He定年的理想矿物之一。本文以Fish Canyon Tuff榍石为例,开展了榍石He扩散行为和榍石(U-Th)/He定年实验方法研究。榍石分步加热扩散实验结果表明He扩散系数ln(D/a²)与温度倒数呈负相关,与期望的热活化扩散过程一致。测试Fish Canyon Tuff榍石(U-Th)/He年龄分布在28.3～24.6 Ma之间,平均值为26.7±1.2 Ma (1σ),Th/U分布在4.6～5.5之间,平均值为5.2±0.2,在误差范围内与国际上已出版数据一致,表明建立的榍石(U-Th)/He定年实验方法可靠。本次测试15粒榍石碎片外表层(～20μm)存在不同程度的磨蚀(即不完整晶体),且榍石表层磨蚀厚度随着等效半径的增加而增大。榍石碎片(U-Th)/He年龄介于完整晶体(U-Th)/He年龄和真实(U-Th)/He年龄之间,且随着榍石等效半径及表层磨蚀厚度(<20μm)的增大,(U-Th)/He年龄更接近真实年龄,这表明榍石(U-Th)/He年龄不确定度与等效半径大小和表层磨蚀厚度有关。     

粤北棉花坑铀矿床蚀变花岗岩副矿物特征研究

采用电子探针等测试方法,对采自棉花坑铀矿床特富矿体蚀变花岗岩中的副矿物,特别是富铀副矿物进行研究。蚀变花岗岩中的副矿物有锆石、直氟碳钙铈矿、铀石-钍石、磷灰石、磷钇矿、褐帘石等,其中主要富铀副矿物有铀石-钍石、磷钇矿、独居石。研究表明,热液作用能使副矿物的晶体结构和成分发生改变,甚至形成新的矿物,同时使富铀副矿物释放大量的铀进入成矿流体,如磷钇矿蚀变为磷灰石、铀钍石蚀变为铅钍石、独居石可蚀变为直氟碳钙铈矿等;磷灰石、锆石、褐帘石等副矿物铀含量较低,而且在蚀变过程中,它们保持相对稳定,且晶形完好,释放的铀量少;部分蚀变锆石出现相反情况,其铀含量不降反升。研究还表明,富铀副矿物受热液作用越强,即距热液活动中心越近,铀含量的降低越明显,释放的铀就越多,从而为铀矿床的形成提供了丰富的铀源。     

In situ Sr isotopic analyses of epidote: tracing the sources of multi-stage fluids in ultrahigh-pressure eclogite (Ganghe,Dabie terrane)

This study presents in situ strontium (Sr) isotope and Sr content data on multi-stage epidote crystals from ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) eclogites and omphacite–epidote veins therein at Ganghe (Dabie terrane, China), determined using LA-MC-ICP-MS. The Ganghe eclogites occur as lenses in mainly leucocratic UHP gneisses, and therefore, our data provide insights into the origin, composition, and transport scale of the discrete multi-stage fluids in UHP eclogites during the subduction and exhumation of a continental crust. Four textural types of epidote that record compositional and isotopic signatures of fluid at various metamorphic P–T conditions have been distinguished based on petrographic observations and compositional analyses. They are (1) fine-grained high-pressure (HP) epidote inclusions (Ep-In) in omphacite that define the earliest stage of epidote formation in the eclogite; (2) coarse-grained UHP epidote porphyroblasts (Ep-P) that contain omphacite with Ep-In inclusions in the eclogite; (3) fine-grained HP epidote in omphacite–epidote veins (Ep-V) as well as (4) the latest-stage epidote in disseminated amphibolite-facies veinlets (Ep-A), which crosscut the Ep-P or matrix minerals in the eclogite and HP vein. Both Ep-P and Ep-V crystals exhibit significant and complex chemical zonations with respect to the X_Fe (= Fe/(Fe + Al)) ratio and Sr content. In contrast to the varying Sr contents, Ep-In, Ep-P, and Ep-V have similar and narrow ranges of initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (from 0.70692 to 0.70720 for Ep-In, from 0.70698 to 0.70721 for Ep-P, and from 0.70668 to 0.70723 for Ep-V), which are significantly different from those in Ep-A (from 0.70894 to 0.71172). The initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of Ep-A is closer in value to the initial Sr isotopic composition of the gneisses (from 0.710790 to 0.712069) which enclose the UHP eclogite. These data indicate different sources of the eclogite-facies fluids and retrograde amphibolite-facies fluid in the Ganghe eclogites. The HP–UHP fluids responsible for the large amounts of hydrous minerals in the eclogites were internally derived and buffered. The omphacite–epidote veins were precipitated from the channelized solute-rich HP–UHP fluids released from the host eclogite. However, hydrated amphibolite-facies metamorphism during exhumation was mainly initiated by the low-Sr and high-⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr external fluid, which infiltrated into the eclogite from the surrounding gneisses. The eclogite-facies fluids in the Ganghe eclogites were locally derived, whereas the infiltration of the retrograde amphibolite-facies fluid from the gneisses required a long transport, most likely longer than 80 m. This study highlights that the in situ Sr isotopic analysis of multi-stage epidote can be employed as a powerful geochemical tracer to provide key information regarding the origin and behavior of various-stage subduction-zone metamorphic fluids.     

云南东川深沟泥石流治理效益分析

2012年7月（雨季）、12月（旱季）分别对深沟流域进行现场调查,在分析深沟“稳、拦、排”泥石流治理模式的基础上,研究深沟泥石流治理效益,结果表明：治理后森林覆盖率明显提高、植被群落结构得以优化,并取得了良好的社会、生态和经济效益。     

松辽盆地古龙凹陷泉头组坡折带特征及其对沉积层序的控制作用

依据地震、钻井、测井、地层对比以及地层厚度等资料,对松辽盆地古龙凹陷泉头组坡折带进行了深入研究,发现 该区发育三种类型坡折,即断裂坡折、挠曲坡折和沉积坡折,坡折带沿着凹陷西部英台鼻状构造呈南北向弧形分布,平均 坡降介于19‰~50‰之间。坡折带的发育对层序结构及沉积演化具有重要控制作用,断裂坡折带发育于层序的底部,控制 了SQ11河流相加积型层序的发育,其特点是坡折下部地层厚度是上部的2倍。挠曲坡折带发育于层序中部,呈现缓坡带 （α） 和陡坡带（β） 两段式特点,四级层序SQ21在坡折部位发育密集的上超点,形成了以湖相上超为特点的层序结构,同 时坡折带两侧地层具有上薄下厚的分布格局。沉积坡折带分布在层序顶部,控制了五级层序SQ22-1的发育,形成了湖泊 -三角洲相进积型层序,具有坡折下部薄、上部厚的分布特点。断裂坡折带控制的河流相加积型层序,有利于断层上倾遮 挡及点坝透镜体圈闭的发育;挠曲坡折带控制的湖相上超型层序,有利于岩性上倾尖灭圈闭的发育;沉积坡折带控制的湖 泊-三角洲进积型层序,有利于河口坝型岩性圈闭的发育,因此,坡折带的研究对于松辽盆地古龙凹陷油气勘探具有重要 的指导意义。     

SBAS技术在南京河西地表沉降监测中的应用

由于地质条件的影响及城市化进展的不断加快,南京河西地区地面沉降日趋明显。本文以2007-2011年16景日本ALOS PALSAR卫星升轨数据为例,采用SBAS技术分析了河西地区的沉降趋势,反演了研究区的地表形变场,并与水准测量数据进行了对比,验证了SBAS用于沉降监测的准确性和时效性。     

Comparison of carbon cycle between the western Pacific subarctic and subtropical time-series stations: highlights of the K2S1 project

A comparative study of ecosystems and biogeochemistry at time-series stations in the subarctic gyre (K2) and subtropical region (S1) of the western North Pacific Ocean (K2S1 project) was conducted between 2010 and 2013 to collect essential data about the ecosystem and biological pump in each area and to provide a baseline of information for predicting changes in biologically mediated material cycles in the future. From seasonal chemical and biological observations, general oceanographic settings were verified and annual carbon budgets at both stations were determined. Annual mean of phytoplankton biomass and primary productivity at the oligotrophic station S1 were comparable to that at the eutrophic station K2. Based on chemical/physical observations and numerical simulations, the likely “missing nutrient source” was suggested to include regeneration, meso-scale eddy driven upwelling, meteorological events, and eolian inputs in addition to winter vertical mixing. Time-series observation of carbonate chemistry revealed that ocean acidification (OA) was ongoing at both stations, and that the rate of OA was faster at S1 than at K2 although OA at K2 is more critical for calcifying organisms.     

近42年西藏高原雅鲁藏布江中游夏季气候趋势和突变分析

根据1957－1998年雅鲁藏布江中游拉萨、日喀则、泽当、江孜4个站6－8月的平均气温、降水资料，通过线性趋势估计和多项式函数拟合等方法分析了雅鲁藏布江中游地区夏季气候长期趋势变化和周期变化，并利用滑动T检验等方法讨论了突变的问题。结果表明：在过去42a里，该流域夏季气温有明显的上升趋势，1980年突变增暖非常明显；而夏季降水呈下降趋势，60年代中后期至80年代末降水普遍偏少，90年代降水出现回升势头。气温、降水的主要周期集中在高频波段，显著周期为2．8－3．5a。