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排序方式: 共有989条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
921.
922.
Yumiko Watanabe Shun'ichi Nakai Akihiro Hiruta Ryo Matsumoto Kunio Yoshida 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2008,272(1-2):89-96
We performed U–Th radioactive disequilibrium analyses of carbonate nodules and sediment samples recovered from methane seep sites off Joetsu, of the eastern margin of Japan Sea, to decipher the active period of the methane seep. The carbonates contain 230Th, part of which is located in detritus such as silicate and organics, at the time of precipitation. The initial 230Th renders accurate dating with U–Th radioactive disequilibrium method difficult. We assessed the feasibility of correction using radioactive disequilibrium data of ambient sediment to overcome this difficulty. A (230Th/232Th)–(234U/232Th) isochron drawn by three chips divided from a carbonate nodule (PC05-04-50) passed through data points of local sediments. We conclude that the problem of initial 230Th can be resolved by measurements of local sediments. Results show that carbonate nodules include local sediment as impurities. Furthermore, the results of trace element analyses such as Rb, Zr, Nb, REE, Pb, and Th also support the idea.In all, 18 carbonate samples were dated with correction of initial 230Th using the mean value of local sediment in this study. The U–Th correction ages show 12–35ka with an isochron age of 26 ± 3ka. Results indicate that during the time interval of U–Th ages, from 12ka to 35ka, environmental conditions must have been favorable for enhanced methane flux through sediment. The extensive methane flow period at 20ka accords with the lowest-stand sea level during the last glacial age. Results of this study also suggest that U–Th ages of carbonate are useful as a reliable chronometer with regard to methane seep activation. In order to acquire U–Th ages of carbonate at methane seep sites, however, it is important to evaluate the amount of initial 230Th accurately using the value of sediment. 相似文献
923.
924.
电子探针分析技术进展及面临的挑战 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
电子探针是研究地球与行星物质组成最基础的微束分析技术。近年来,固体地球科学和行星科学的不断发展,促使电子探针分析技术取得了一系列进展:矿物微量元素分析、稀土矿物测试方法完善、副矿物定年、富Fe矿物/熔体Fe~(3+)含量测定、场发射电子探针及软X射线分析谱仪的开发及应用等。同时,电子探针分析技术也面临着诸多挑战:微量元素测试在降低检测限的同时,还需要提高分析的准确度和精确度;降低二次荧光效应的影响;场发射电子探针在低电压下需要建立全新的分析条件和校正方式。基于这些挑战,电子探针未来在微量元素监测标样开发、二次荧光效应校正、场发射电子探针及软X射线分析谱仪应用、波谱仪完善和微区多种分析技术集成等方面具有发展潜力,以便为地学样品的研究提供更丰富、更准确的微米尺度成分信息。 相似文献
925.
James Andrew Griffiths Fangfang Zhu Faith Ka Shun Chan David Laurence Higgitt 《地学前缘(英文版)》2019,10(2):363-372
Urban drainage systems in coastal cities in SE China are characterized by often complex canal and sluicegate systems that are designed to safely drain pluvial flooding whilst preventing tidal inundation.However, the risk of coastal flooding in the region is expected to increase over the next 50-100 years, as urban areas continue to expand and sea-levels are expected to rise. To assess the impact of projected sealevel rise on this type of urban drainage system, a one-dimensional model and decision support tool was developed. The model indicated that although sea-level rise represents a significant challenge, flood probability will continue to be most influenced by rainfall. Events that are significant enough to cause flooding will most likely be minimally impacted by changes to the tidal frame. However, it was found that a sea-level rise of up to 1.2 m by 2010 would result in increased drainage times and higher volumes of over-topping when flooding occurs. 相似文献
926.
927.
Diel tuning of photosynthetic systems in ice algae at Saroma-ko Lagoon, Hokkaido, Japan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shimpei Aikawa Hiroshi Hattori Yasushi Gomi Kentaro Watanabe Sakae Kudoh Yasuhiro Kashino Kazuhiko Satoh 《Polar Science》2009,3(1):57-72
Ice algae are the major primary producers in seasonally ice-covered oceans during the cold season. Diurnal change in solar radiation is inevitable for ice algae, even beneath seasonal sea ice in lower-latitude regions. In this work, we focused on the photosynthetic response of ice algae under diurnally changing irradiance in Saroma-ko Lagoon, Japan. Photosynthetic properties were assessed by pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometry. The species composition remained almost the same throughout the investigation. The maximum electron transport rate (rETRmax), which indicates the capacity of photosynthetic electron transport, increased from sunrise until around noon and decreased toward sunset, with no sign of the afternoon depression commonly observed in other photosynthetic organisms. The level of non-photochemical quenching, which indicates photoprotection activity by dissipating excess light energy via thermal processes, changed with diurnal variations in irradiance. The pigment composition appeared constant, except for xanthophyll cycle pigments, which changed irrespective of irradiance. These results indicate that ice algae tune their photosynthetic system harmonically to achieve efficient photosynthesis under diurnally changing irradiance, while avoiding damage to photosystems. This regulation system may be essential for productive photosynthesis in ice algae. 相似文献
928.
基于ARMA模型的隧道位移时间序列分析 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
在新奥法隧道施工中,隧道位移监测对于评价围岩稳定性和支护结构合理性起重要作用。目前大都采用AR模型对隧道位移进行时间序列分析,避开了非线性估计,致使拟合精度和模型实用性较差。为此,介绍了具有较高预测精度和较好适用条件的ARMA模型及其常用参数估计方法,基于其参数非线性估计带来的不便性,提出一种ARMA模型参数估计近似线性方法,把残差用Taylor级数一阶展开,将非线性估计线性化,用线性最小二乘法估计参数最终值。用该方法对重庆市大足县南环二路南山隧道位移监测数据进行时间序列建模分析,预测与实测值吻合较好,证明了该方法的实用性。 相似文献
929.
通过岩心和测井资料分析,系统地研究了松辽盆地中央坳陷滨北地区上白垩统青山口组的沉积特征;采用单因素分析多因素综合作图法,编制出了研究区上白垩统青山口组各亚段的砂岩含量、暗色泥岩含量和紫红色泥岩含量等单因素图件,在此基础上做出沉积相图,深入分析了研究区沉积演化规律。研究表明,青山口组主要发育三角洲和湖泊2种沉积相,进一步分为三角洲平原、三角洲前缘、滨浅湖和半深湖-深湖4种沉积亚相。从研究区边缘到中心,沉积相类型由三角洲平原亚相渐变为三角洲前缘、滨浅湖和半深湖-深湖亚相;自下而上由半深湖-深湖亚相逐渐变为滨浅湖、三角洲前缘、三角洲平原亚相。青山口组沉积时期可划分为青山口组沉积早期、青山口组沉积中期和青山口组沉积晚期。不同时期、不同构造单元的沉积特征表现各异,从青山口组沉积早期到青山口组沉积晚期,研究区湖盆发育总体表现出规模由大到小的特点。 相似文献
930.
Makio C. Honda Masahide Wakita Kazuhiko Matsumoto Tetsuichi Fujiki Eko Siswanto Kosei Sasaoka Hajime Kawakami Yoshihisa Mino Chiho Sukigara Minoru Kitamura Yoshikazu Sasai Sherwood L. Smith Taketo Hashioka Chisato Yoshikawa Katsunori Kimoto Shuichi Watanabe Toru Kobari Toshi Nagata Koji Hamasaki Ryo Kaneko Mario Uchimiya Hideki Fukuda Osamu Abe Toshiro Saino 《Journal of Oceanography》2017,73(5):647-667
A comparative study of ecosystems and biogeochemistry at time-series stations in the subarctic gyre (K2) and subtropical region (S1) of the western North Pacific Ocean (K2S1 project) was conducted between 2010 and 2013 to collect essential data about the ecosystem and biological pump in each area and to provide a baseline of information for predicting changes in biologically mediated material cycles in the future. From seasonal chemical and biological observations, general oceanographic settings were verified and annual carbon budgets at both stations were determined. Annual mean of phytoplankton biomass and primary productivity at the oligotrophic station S1 were comparable to that at the eutrophic station K2. Based on chemical/physical observations and numerical simulations, the likely “missing nutrient source” was suggested to include regeneration, meso-scale eddy driven upwelling, meteorological events, and eolian inputs in addition to winter vertical mixing. Time-series observation of carbonate chemistry revealed that ocean acidification (OA) was ongoing at both stations, and that the rate of OA was faster at S1 than at K2 although OA at K2 is more critical for calcifying organisms. 相似文献