中川地区一次负地闪的起始过程研究

利用ＧＰＳ同步的多点慢天线电场变化仪在甘肃中川地雷暴过程中测量得到的资料,对一次负地闪的起始过程进行了分析。发现地闪产和在击发之前常有持续１７０－３００ｍｓ的去２内放电过程发生,它可有数据不等的Ｋ变化组成。     

模糊对象粗糙表达及其空间关系研究

空间数据的模糊性是当前GIS领域研究的难点之一。现有的GIS数据模型基本上还不具备对模糊性进行描述、处理和分析的功能 ,使得GIS对数据的处理容易造成信息损失。把粗糙集和模糊集对空间数据的模糊性和不确定性处理的优势结合起来表达模糊对象 ,即利用粗糙集处理由于知识的粒度性所造成的模糊性和不精确性 ;利用模糊集处理模糊对象原始数据所具有的不确定性 ,从而扩展了空间数据模型对模糊数据的表达能力 ,并详细研究了模糊面与模糊面以及模糊线与模糊面之间的拓扑关系     

The evolution of Pinatubo aerosols in the Arctic stratosphere during 1994–2000

Balloon-borne aerosol measurements were performed with an optical particle counter between 1994 and 2000 at Ny-Ålesund (79°N), Svarbard. Throughout the observation period, continuous decay was found in the concentrations of particles with 0.4–0.6 μm in radius in the Arctic stratosphere, suggesting that Pinatubo aerosols remained even at the end of the 1990s. The decay rate was clearly higher for larger particle sizes, and higher at higher altitude (e-folding time of 970–526 days), suggesting a gravitational sedimentation effect. For smaller particles with R<0.4 μm, slight increases in concentration with time were found, which agreed with the measurements at mid-latitude. The sulfate mass mixing ratio in the Arctic stratosphere before 1998 showed values higher than those at middle latitude, while values were almost the same in both regions after 1998. A possible explanation of the latitudinal difference is a time lag (of 0.5–1 year) in the arrival of Pinatubo aerosols in the Arctic.     

天山乌鲁木齐河源区大西沟表土花粉散布特征

在天山乌鲁木齐河源区大西沟垂直植被带表土孢粉分析及植被调查的基础上，对大西沟垂直带的植被与表土孢粉的关系进行了探讨。从表土孢粉百分比含量可划分出4个孢粉带，其对应的植被带分别为高山垫状植被、高山草甸、亚高山草甸和云杉(Picea)林带。孢粉百分含量基本上反映了大西沟地区垂直植被带分布的特征。云杉、麻黄(Ephedra)、藜科(Chenopodiaceae)和蒿属(Artemisia)等植物花粉明显表现为超代表性。山谷上升气流在天山山地垂直植被带的表土孢粉散布中起着重要的作用。     

Biological and environmental changes in Lake Baikal during the late Quaternary inferred from carbon, nitrogen and sulfur isotopes

An 8-m continuous sediment core, approximately 250-ky-old at the bottom, from Academician Ridge in Lake Baikal, has been analyzed for the stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur, in order to study the paleoclimatic and paleobiological changes that occurred in the Eurasian continental interior. These isotopic changes are closely related to changes in vertical lake-water circulation between glacial and interglacial periods. Sedimentary organic carbon in cool periods is more enriched in ¹³C (−23.8‰ on average) than that in warm periods (−27.0‰ on average). The ¹³C-enrichment of organic carbon suggests a decrease of land-derived organic matter influx to the lake, less precipitation, and loss of terrestrial vegetation around Lake Baikal in cool periods. Pyrite in high total sulfur/total organic carbon (TS/TOC) layers shows strong depletion in ³⁴S (−20.8‰ to −32.4‰) during climate transitions from glacial to interglacial periods at the beginning of oxygen isotope stages (OIS) 1, 5 and 7. The ³⁴S-depleted pyrite indicates augmentation of dissimilatory sulfate reduction by sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) at the sediment-water interface. Enhancement of aqueous sulfate concentrations and limitation of oxygen circulation to the surface sediments might also occur in the climate transition periods. The δ¹⁵N values of total nitrogen increase abruptly by ∼2‰ just after the δ³⁴S negative peaks, which may result from low nutrient concentrations in the euphotic zone associated with water circulation changes in Lake Baikal.     

浅谈新的地质资料汇交内容及其制度

在学习国务院《地质资料管理条例》的基础上，就新的地质资料管理制度方面，重点在地质资料的汇交人、汇交内容、汇交时间、汇交要求、汇交管理机关、汇交管理工作中的法律责任等几方面做了较详细介绍。意在我省进一步贯彻实施《地质资料管理条例》工作中，坚持规范，加深管理。     

新疆伽师强震区余震序列的地震台阵定位

1998年中国地震局地质研究所在伽师强震群区布设了 30台流动宽频带地震台 ,记录到比纳木及龙口两个强震 (M≥ 6 0 )的主震及余震序列。我们利用Geiger法和JHD方法对这两个地震序列进行了台阵定位。结果表明 :1)利用地震台阵数据的JHD定位结果可以较好地确定地震序列的相对空间位置 ,并且比Geiger法有更高的精度 ;2 )比纳木、龙口地震序列勾画出了两条不平行的SWW向断层 ,其走向及产状与相应主震的矩张量研究结果基本吻合 ,此地震序列可作为确定伽师强震群震源断层面的重要参考依据 ;3)比纳木和龙口地震序列发生在壳幔界面的梯度带上及壳内高、低速介质交界部位 ,这表明地震的形成与地壳深部构造环境密切相关 ;4 )伽师强震群具有张性破裂特征 ,其主要原因是塔里木盆地北缘的横向非均匀变形     

首都圈数字地震台网的微震定位实验

新建成的首都圈数字地震台网由 10 7个数字地震台站组成 ,其地震监测和定位能力需要检验。此文主要目的是为评估首都圈数字地震台网的地震活动监测能力提供参考依据。在地震定位中 ,应充分发挥数字地震记录的优势 ,采用相应的数字地震记录处理技术 ,提高地震定位的可靠性和精度。采用滤波、偏振及台站扫描、震相追踪等数字技术 ,提高了震相识别的可靠性和精度 ,并用Geiger方法对 2 0 0 1年首都圈数字地震台网记录到的 7个网内及网缘微震 (ML<2 .0 )进行了精确定位 ,还通过对爆破的定位来检验程序和方法的可靠性和精度。结果表明 ,震中定位误差估计小于2km ,震源深度误差估计小于 3km     

Interaction Between Wind and Snow Surface

The horizontal and vertical wind velocity fluctuations were measured using two sonic anemometers at a height of 135 cm above a snow surface under a transverse snow wave-forming condition. A snow-wave was formed when the wind at a height of 1 m blew at a speed of more than 7 m s⁻¹ after an approximate accumulation of from 10 to 20 cm of new snow on a snowfield. For example, when a snow-wave had a wavelength of 10 m and a wave height of 15 to 20 cm, the measured horizontal and vertical velocity components showed that they had a frequency peak of 0.7 Hz in coherence and co-spectrum corresponding to this wavelength. The results suggest that wind turbulence and snow-wave formation interact with each other.     

Victoria Carbonate-Base Metal Gold Deposit and Its Significance in the Mankayan Mineral District, Luzon, Philippines

Abstract. The Victoria gold deposit is a low-sulfidation style epithermal carbonate-base metal gold deposit discovered in 1995 in the Mankayan mineral district, northern Luzon, Philippines. It occurs just south of a high-sulfidation copper-gold orebody (Lepanto enargite deposit) and a porphyry copper-gold orebody (Far Southeast (FSE) deposit). Radiometric dating of the Victoria mineralization yields ages from 1.6 to 1.1 Ma, similar to ages of the Lepanto enargite deposit. Mineralogical, geochemical, fluid inclusion and sulfur isotope studies suggest that the Victoria deposit is not directly related to the late stage of hydrothermal activity that produced the FSE porphyry copper-gold and the Lepanto enargite deposits. The hydrothermal fluids from which Victoria was formed appear to have been derived from the south, and not from the FSE intrusive center to the northeast. This would suggest a regional south to north hydrothermal gradient, consistent with the similar flow within the FSE porphyry-Lepanto enargite system. On a district scale, structures similar to those of the Victoria deposit in trend and nature would be highly prospective, especially if they occur north of identified plutons and volcanic centers.