Spatial and temporal variation of organic carbon in the northern South China Sea revealed by sedimentary records

Three sediment cores were taken from the Pearl River estuary and adjacent northern South China Sea (SCS). These sediment cores span the time interval 1900–2000 AD. The stratigraphy of the concentration, the ratio of total organic carbon (TOC) to total nitrogen (TN) and stable isotope (δ¹³C_org) of organic carbon (OC) from three high-resolution sediment cores were analyzed. The stratigraphic profiles of OC concentration, TOC/TN ratios and δ¹³C_org for the near past 100 yrs indicate that terrestrial organic matter decreases from 68.3% to 27.4% of the TOC in the Pearl River estuary, while Dapeng Bay (offshore east of Hong Kong) apparently had throughout little terrestrial organic matter input. The highest deposited OC occurs at the Humen River mouth and the OC concentrations are higher in the outer estuary than in the inner shelf of the northern SCS. The deposited OC at the River mouth increased with time, which could be caused by the high precipitation of land-derived organic matter and the high input of terrestrial organic matter, which is likely related to the rapid urbanization and industrial development in the Pearl River Delta since the 1970s. The OC concentrations did not exhibit an obvious increase with time in most areas of the Pear River estuary and adjacent inner shelf of the SCS, but the algal-derived OC concentration inferred from the δ¹³C_org values increased with time especially from 1980 to 2000 in the outer Pearl River estuary and Dapeng Bay. This increase is presumably caused by enhanced primary marine productivity supported by higher anthropogenic nutrient inputs.     

Climate change in the 21st century simulated by HadGEM2-AO under representative concentration pathways

We present climate responses of Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) using the coupled climate model HadGEM2-AO for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5). The RCPs are selected as standard scenarios for the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report and these scenarios include time paths for emissions and concentrations of greenhouse gas and aerosols and land-use/land cover. The global average warming and precipitation increases for the last 20 years of the 21st century relative to the period 1986-2005 are +1.1°C/+2.1% for RCP2.6, +2.4°C/+4.0% for RCP4.5, +2.5°C/+3.3% for RCP6.0 and +4.1°C/+4.6% for RCP8.5, respectively. The climate response on RCP 2.6 scenario meets the UN Copenhagen Accord to limit global warming within two degrees at the end of 21st century, the mitigation effect is about 3°C between RCP2.6 and RCP8.5. The projected precipitation changes over the 21st century are expected to increase in tropical regions and at high latitudes, and decrease in subtropical regions associated with projected poleward expansions of the Hadley cell. Total soil moisture change is projected to decrease in northern hemisphere high latitudes and increase in central Africa and Asia whereas near-surface soil moisture tends to decrease in most areas according to the warming and evaporation increase. The trend and magnitude of future climate extremes are also projected to increase in proportion to radiative forcing of RCPs. For RCP 8.5, at the end of the summer season the Arctic is projected to be free of sea ice.     

The South China Sea Monsoon Experiment(SCSMEX) Implementation Plan

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小波的SAR和光学图像融合方法比较研究

本文通过光学图像和SAR图像的融合,对几种典型的小波融合方法进行了分析对比实验,并使用各种评价标准对它们的融合效果给出了评价。在此基础上,对光学图像和SAR图像融合效果的各种评价标准做出了讨论并提出自己的看法。     

龙卷风的风强分析与极值推断

本文采用1955－1997年影响盐城市的龙卷风资料,按富士达F等级定义龙卷风风强分类级别,对盐城市受袭击点的破坏程度进行风强分级,并分析各个时段龙卷风风强等级的频数。应用耿贝尔极值分布理论,对影响盐城市的龙卷风风速极值进行统计推断,获得1％风险度龙卷风风速极值,以及各种特定重视期间的极值。     

金沙江支流黑水河松新电站短须裂腹鱼（Schizothorax wangchiachii）过坝后上溯行为

鱼类过坝后的上溯行为对鱼类寻找适宜的产卵、索饵等功能性栖息地至关重要。现阶段我国大多数研究聚焦于鱼类上溯通过鱼道的游泳行为量化,而过坝后的上溯行为分析鲜有报道。本研究在金沙江下游支流黑水河松新坝址处利用PIT(passive integrated transponder)遥测技术对松新电站过鱼对象短须裂腹鱼(Schizothorax wangchiachii)过坝后的上溯行为开展监测,考虑监测过程中水文情势变化对过坝后上溯行为的影响,采用生存分析方法,构建了耦合多因素(流量、水温、河道涨落水率、昼夜节律、肥满度等)的Cox风险比例回归模型,利用AIC模型准则筛选出最优模型参数,识别了影响鱼类过坝后上溯成功率的关键因素。结果表明:(1)短须裂腹鱼在松新鱼道的上溯效果显著优于河道;(2)水温及河道涨落率是影响短须裂腹鱼过坝后上溯效果的关键因素;(3)水温与短须裂腹鱼过坝后河道上溯成功率呈负相关,当水温超过短须裂腹鱼最适温度后,河道上溯成功率随着温度的上升呈递减趋势;河道涨落水率与短须裂腹鱼过坝后河道上溯成功率呈正相关,其中涨水情势下短须裂腹鱼河道成功上溯的概率高于落水,河道上溯成功率随着涨...     

蓝藻水华暴发过程中的浮力调节机制

随着工业和经济的发展,水体富营养化以及由此导致的蓝藻水华现象频发,严重影响水生态安全及健康。蓝藻水华形成过程包括休眠、复苏、生物量增加以及上浮聚集形成肉眼可见的水华4个阶段。蓝藻自身的生长机制是引发水华的重要原因,其中浮力调节机制是其重要的生存策略之一,在春季复苏、夏季大量增长及最终上浮至水体表面形成水华阶段均具有重要作用。了解蓝藻浮力调节机制及其在水华过程中的作用对于了解蓝藻生长特性及水华形成机理具有重要意义。气囊及细胞镇重物是常见的浮力调节机制。除此以外,新的研究发现光照条件下单细胞蓝藻产生的大量氧气泡可促使蓝藻上浮至水面形成水华。同时,野外蓝藻常以群体状态存在,群体内部形成的细胞间隙及光照条件下产生的大量氧气是促使蓝藻上浮至水体表面的另一重要原因。野外蓝藻群体在其内部形成微环境,其理化性质可随外界环境的改变发生快速变化,群体内外微环境相互作用,共同影响群体内部细胞间隙中溶氧浓度及浮力。了解蓝藻浮力调节机制及群体内部微环境理化性质对深入了解蓝藻的生长特性及从微观层面分析水华形成机理具有重要意义。本文综述了水华暴发过程中蓝藻的主要浮力调节机制,以期为从微观层面探明蓝藻水华暴发机理提供...     

2005年6月桂南沿海降水异常偏多成因分析

2005年6月桂南沿海降水异常偏多,通过分析气候背景,环流形势特征,并将其与历史多雨年和少雨年做对比分析得出:2005年6月桂南沿海降水偏多是在多雨的大气候变化周期中发生的;西太平洋副热带高压强度偏强、西伸脊点位置偏西、脊线位置偏南是2005年6月桂南沿海降水异常偏多的主要原因.     

矿物分类和识别的人工神经网络模型

本文提出矿物分类和识别的人工神经网络模型，并选取一组标样－我国沉积碳酸盐型锰矿中菱锰矿作为研究对象，识别效率达１００％。结果表明，该模型性能良好，可望成为矿物识别的有效手段。     

东北地区农业结构转型时期土地利用变化的成因与效应

During the last decade of the 20th century, extensive conversion in agricultural land use took place in Northeast China. The goal of this study is to ascertain its spatial distribution and regional differentiation, determine its causes, and analyze its environmental impact, Especially we attempt to elucidate how institutional constraints have facilitated the change at a time of agrarian restructuring when newly emerging free market was hybridized with the former planned economy. Information on six categories of land use was mapped from interpretation of Landsat TM images recorded in 1990,1995 and 2000. Most of land use changes took place during the first half of the decade, coinciding with abrupt and chaotic changes in government directives. Farmland was changed mainly to woodland,water body and built-up areas while woodland and grassland were converted chiefly to farmland.Spatially, the change from farmland to woodland was restricted to the west of the study area. The change from grassland to farmland took place in the grazing and farming interlocked west. These chaotic and occasionally conflicting changes were largely caused by lack of stability and consistency in agricultural land use policies promulgated. They have exerted adverse impacts on the local environment, including land degradation, increased flooding, and modified climate regime.