Geochemical features of trace and rare earth elements of pumice in middle Okinawa Trough and its indication of magmatic process

Pumice, the most widely distributed volcanic rock in Okinawa Trough, is loose and porous. Since its formation, it has definitely suffered from the denudation of the sea to different degrees. In order to truly reveal the geochemical features of pumice, we choose the method of mineral separation. Firstly, the phenocryst is separated from glass. Then the phenocryst is divided into light and heavy mineral compositions. By ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) analytical technology, the contents of trace and rare earth elements in the whole pumice, the glass and the heavy and light mineral compositions are determined respectively. By researching the elemental geochemical features, the magma dynamic processes are found. It shows that the initial magma for the pumice in Okinawa Trough came from the depleted mantle, from which the N-MORB (normal type of mid-ocean ridge basalt) is formed, homologous with the local basalts. But they are formed in different periods of magma crystal fractionation. Featured with sufficient crystal fractionation for pumice, it is found that the earlier crystallizing minerals are olivine, plagioclase and pyroxene. The pumice magma, formed from the depleted mantle, was mixed with additional subduction-related materials (components), and contaminated with the mass from upper crust when it rose up into the crust. As the Okinawa Trough is a back-arc basin in its early back-arc spreading stage, its magmatism has a series of its own unique characteristics, different from not only the mid-ocean ridge expansion, but also the mature back-arc basin.     

荧光技术在海洋环境学上的应用研究

笔者研制成功的4种不同用途、类型的水中荧光计在海洋、江河水体混合扩散实验研究中的应用,利用这种仪器先后完成了近20处大、中型水域环境评价工程任务,海洋水体中微量油分的测量实验研究,海洋中浮游植物体内叶绿素a浓度现场测量实验研究;并通过改换拖曳荧光计的荧光测量滤光片为中性滤光片,首次在国内东海、黄海倾废区分别进行了较大规模的海洋倾倒悬浮污染物(粉煤灰、碱渣)的海洋深层追踪现场测量实验研究,获得令人满意的结果.同时,还简述了荧光测量法的原理、优点及水中荧光计的结构.用荧光法测量海中物质是近代发展的一种简便、快速、灵敏度高、用途广泛的测量新技术,在海洋环境检测中有着极其重要的应用价值.     

大西洋中脊TAG热液活动区中热液沉积物的稀土元素地球化学特征

用ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ对ＴＡＧ热液活动区表层热液沉积物中６个块状硫化物样品进行了稀土元素分析。所有样品均表现出正Ｅｕ异常（ＥｕＮ／Ｅｕ＊Ｎ＝１．２７～２．６８）和ＬＲＥＥ相对富集（ＬａＮ／ＹｂＮ＝１５．７９～４７．６２）的球粒陨石标准化配分模式,热液沉积物样品中稀土元素组成的变化是由于海底热液循环体系中热液流体和海水不同程度混合作用的结果,并且,海水与热液流体的混合作用是在热液沉积物形成以前发生的,与黑烟囱流体的稀土元素配分模式对比,表明热液沉积物的ＲＥＥ部分来自下伏的玄武岩基底,在热液沉积物的形成过程中,ＬＲＥＥ得到了较高程度的富集,同时,海底热液沉积物的稀土元素中Ｅｕ的变化可以一定程度的反映出热液流体的演化特征。     

大西洋洋中脊海底表层热液沉积物的铅同位素组成及其地质意义

新测得 TAG热液区中 6件海底表层热液沉积物样品的铅同位素组成 ,其变化范围不大 ,具有均一性的特征。在 Pb- Pb图解上 ,热液沉积物的铅同位素数据大多落在 MARB的铅同位素组成范围内 ,与大西洋沉积物和 Fe- Mn结核相比明显具较少的放射成因铅 ,反映其上部洋壳岩石为该区热液沉积物的形成提供了铅。对比研究表明 ,因不同地质 -构造环境中的海底热液区为热液沉积物形成提供物源的情况不同 ,是导致有沉积物覆盖洋中脊中热液沉积物的铅同位素组成与无沉积物覆盖洋中脊不同的主要原因。海底扩张中心的扩张速率与热液沉积物的铅同位素组成有一定的对应关系 ,但其并不是热液沉积物铅同位素组成的唯一控制因素     

Marine Engineering Geological Exploration Information System（MEGEIS）：A GIS-based Application to Marine Resources Exploitation

Based on the ArcGIS geographic information system and the ORACLE database management system,this paper reports our studies on the technology of Marine Engineering Geological Exploration Information System(MEGEIS). By analyzing system structure,designing function modules and discussing data management,this paper systematically proposes a framework of technol-ogy to integrate,manage,and analyze the seabed information comprehensively. Then,the technology is applied to the design and development of the Bohai Sea Oilfield Paradigm Area Information System. The system can not only meet the practical demands of marine resources exploration and exploitation in the Bohai Sea oilfield,but also serve as a preparatory work in theory and technology for the realization of the 'Digital Seabed'.     

A Case Study for a Digital Seabed Database： Bohai Sea Engineering Geology Database

This paper discusses the designing plan of ORACLE-based Bohai Sea engineering geology database structure from requisition analysis, conceptual structure analysis, logical structure analysis, physical structure analysis and security designing. In the study, we used the object-oriented Unified Modeling Language （UML） to model the conceptual structure of the database and used the powerful function of data management which the object-oriented and relational database ORACLE provides to organize and manage the storage space and improve its security performance. By this means, the database can provide rapid and highly effective performance in data storage, maintenance and query to satisfy the application requisition of the Bohai Sea Oilfield Paradigm Area Information System.     

长江口外海域岩心沉积物地球化学特征及其对人类活动的响应

对长江口外海域Y16站岩心沉积物中元素含量和粒度组成进行了分析,并通过137Cs测定了年龄。结果表明,该岩心沉积物中元素含量在垂向上的变化与沉积物粒度组成的变化密切相关,根据元素含量的变化特征可将其分为3段:1966年之前、1967—1989年和1990—2006年。R型因子分析表明,影响该岩心沉积物中元素含量变化的主要因素为陆源物质供给。另外,生物沉积作用和人为污染对部分元素含量的变化有一定影响。元素含量的变化特征在前两个阶段主要与流域自然过程相联系,在后一阶段(1990—2006年)人为污染对沉积物中Pb和Zn元素含量的变化有所影响,但这种影响在长江大量输沙的背景下被明显减少。目前,由于长江输沙量的大幅下降(2006年长江输沙量仅为0.85亿t)以及人为污染影响程度的增强(煤、石油燃料消耗的持续增加以及工业的持续发展),未来长江口海域重金属元素的污染情况将面临更大的挑战。     

Filling of the Three Gorges Reservoir to the 135-m Level： Instant Effects on the Yangtze Discharge and Suspended Sediment Concentration Entering the Estuary

Via the valuable opportunity of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) 135-m filling in June 2003, the Yangtze discharge and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) entering the estuary during the period from 15 May to 15 July 2003 were analyzed to examine the instant effects of the filling on them. The Yangtze discharge and SSC entering the estuary in the periods before, during and after the filling clearly indicated three phases: 1) the pre-storage phase characterized by natural conditions, in which the SSC incr...     

Assessing the impact of hydroelectric project construction on the ecological integrity of the Nuozhadu Nature Reserve, southwest China

Regional ecological degradation induced by hydroelectric project construction (HPC) is of great concern in the field of landscape ecology research. Using GIS-based spatial analysis, we predicted and assessed the impacts of HPC on the ecological integrity of the Nuozhadu Nature Reserve (NNR). The results show that, after Nuozhadu HPC, the naturality of the NNR will be modified due to changes in the landscape composition such that larger areas covered by vegetation will be occupied by construction land and flooded by water areas. Meanwhile, landscape diversity will increase due to the additional landscape types of construction land and submerged areas, while landscape stability will decrease because of the splitting and contagion of the landscape after Nuozhadu HPC. The human disturbance index shows that the HPC will contribute to increasing the disturbance of the ecosystem. From buffer analyses, we conclude that the impacts of HPC will mainly occur in buffer zones over the distance of 800 m from the Lancang River in the NNR, and tend to be moderate in the 800–5,000 m buffer zone. Therefore, within the 800 m buffer zone, taking the naturality, diversity and stability of the ecosystem as well as anthropogenic interference as evaluation indicators, we calculated the ecological integrity index; the results indicate that the ecological integrity of the NNR will decrease by 7.6 % after project construction.     

Fe同位素在岩浆作用过程中的分馏效应及其对海底玄武岩形成过程的指示

Fe是火成岩中丰度最高的变价元素,也是重要的成矿元素,主要以Fe²⁺或Fe³⁺价态赋存于固（矿物）、液（流体）相中,并全程参与岩浆作用过程和各种成矿作用。随着测试分析技术（如MC-ICPMS）的发展,Fe等非传统稳定同位素组成分析成为可能,并在最近十几年中被成功应用于岩浆物源追溯、结晶演化过程示踪和成矿作用分析等重要地质作用过程的研究。本文在分析了Fe同位素在岩浆作用过程中分馏效应的基础上,总结了Fe同位素组成在示踪海底玄武质岩浆（MORB、OIB、IAB和BABB等）作用过程研究的最新成果,并探讨了在应用Fe同位素组成示踪海底岩浆作用过程中所存在的主要问题。综合分析结果表明,火成岩中的Fe同位素分馏效应不仅受岩浆源物质部分熔融、岩浆扩散、流体出溶和结晶分异等作用过程的影响,而且还受到同化围岩物质、海底蚀变等作用的影响;由于Fe同位素分析技术（方法）至今仍待进一步完善,已有数据有限且需甄别去伪,因此在利用Fe同位素组成分析或恢复岩浆物源及作用过程时,仍需谨慎;于当前亟需建立完整可靠的Fe同位素示踪体系,这就需要在近期的工作中,尽可能多地选取代表不同构造环境和不同岩石类型的合适样品、获取（积累）更多原始（未经改造或蚀变）样品的精细分析数据,同时在利用Fe同位素示踪海底岩浆作用过程中还需注重多元数据的结合或相互佐证。