Influence of permeability on hydrothermal circulation in the sediment-buried oceanic crust

1 Introduction Hydrothermal circulation is the key process of hydrothermal activity. Modern seafloor hydrothermal circulation can be divided into three parts: convective cells in the oceanic curst, interface between seafloor and ocean and hydrothermal plume. Hydrothermal convection in the crust is the dominant part of the whole seafloor hydrothermal circulation. The distribu-tion and nature of hydrothermal system in the oceanic crust are controlled by crust thermal structures and permeability …     

深圳大鹏半岛国家地质公园野生脊椎动物资源调查

深圳大鹏半岛国家地质公园野生脊椎动物资源丰富。2012年8月―2013年1月,对境内进行了动物物种多样性调查,在该地区共发现野生脊椎动物109种,其中兽类16种,鸟类63种,爬行类19种,两栖类11种。物种区系分析表明东洋界种类明显占优。调查发现有国家Ⅰ级重点保护动物1种,即蟒蛇（Python molurus）,国家Ⅱ级重点保护动物12种,包括穿山甲（Manis pentadatyla）、鸢（Miluus Korschun）、游隼（Falco peregrinus）、红隼（F. peregrinus）、燕隼（F. tinnunculus）、雀鹰（Accipiter nisus）、褐翅鸦鹃（Polophilus sinensis）、小鸦鹃（Centropus bengalensis）、斑头鸺鹠（Glaucidium cuculoides）、领鸺鹠（G. brodiei）、三线闭壳龟（Cuora trifasciala）和虎纹蛙（Haplobatrachus rugulosus）等。同时获得部分重要物种如香港瘰螈（Paramesotriton hongkongensis）,该物种在大鹏半岛国家地质公园境内首次发现。最后对该区野生脊椎动物资源现状及保护进行了分析,并提出了物种认定、栖息地保护、制定相应的恢复计划、合作保护和宣传教育等保护野生动物的对策和措施。     

农业气象灾害风险评价模型及应用

本文根据灾害风险分析原理，建立了一个经三层逐级放大的农业气象灾害风险分析实用模型，并以珠江三角洲荔枝生产为例分析计算了主要农业气象灾害以及风险体系的风险度，其结果对农业气象灾害风险管理与决策及灾害防御有一定的参考价值     

青藏高原探空大气水汽偏差及订正方法研究

水汽是大气的主要成分和降水的主要物质来源.青藏高原大气水汽分布对区域天气和气候有很大影响,为了探讨探空观测的大气水汽总量（R）资料的可靠性,本文以地基GPS遥感的大气水汽总量（G）为参照标准,对拉萨（1999~2010年）和那曲（2003年）的R进行对比分析和偏差（R-G）订正.结果表明:近10多年拉萨站R比G明显偏小,偏小程度随使用不同的探空仪而异.GZZ-2型机械探空仪和GTS-1型电子探空仪多年平均的PW偏差分别为-8.8%和-3.9%,随机误差分别为17.6%和13.6%.近10多年PW偏差变化呈减少趋势,这与探空仪性能改进有关.分析发现,青藏高原PW偏差具有明显季节变化和日变化特征,夏季比冬季明显,1200 UTC比0000 UTC明显.拉萨站GZZ-2型和GTS-1型探空仪在1200 UTC多年平均的PW偏差分别为-15.8%和-7.3%,在0000 UTC分别为-1.6%和-0.4%.那曲站GZZ-2型探空仪在1200 UTC和0000 UTC的PW偏差分别为-12.4%和-0.3%.分析还表明,太阳辐射加热与气温的日变化和季节变化是造成高原PW偏差日变化和季节变化的重要原因.据此,提出了高原PW偏差的订正方法,并以拉萨和那曲站为例进行PW偏差订正,订正后的PW系统偏差显著减少,随机误差也相应得到了改善.     

冲绳海槽海底热液活动区玄武岩的矿物学和岩石化学特征及其地质意义

１９９２年５月－１９９２６月对绳海槽热液活动区进行调查采样，对拖网采到的新鲜的玄武岩样品做了斑晶矿物学及岩石化学研究。结果表明，冲绳海槽玄武岩的斑晶矿物主要由橄榄石、单斜辉石、斜方辉石和斜长石组成，副矿物有铬铁尖晶石和磁铁矿，因而将样品定为橄榄玄武岩。     

冲绳海槽岩浆活动研究进展及思考

冲绳海槽以其特有的构造地质环境吸引着众多地质学者的关注。针对冲绳海槽地区岩浆作用过程的研究是其中的核心内容之一。本文综述了近年来冲绳海槽岩浆源区物质特征、岩浆形成演化过程及其控制机制等方面研究取得的主要成果,并在此基础上指出了目前冲绳海槽岩浆活动研究工作中存在的科学问题,提出利用铀系不平衡方法研究冲绳海槽岩浆活动的新思路,同时探讨了今后一段时间内的研究方向应该集中在以下四个方面: ①菲律宾板块俯冲的脱水过程对冲绳海槽岩浆活动的作用;②俯冲过程中深海沉积物对冲绳海槽岩浆的贡献;③冲绳海槽岩浆熔融的控制因素;④冲绳海槽火山活动和海底热液活动的成因关系。     

Strontium Isotope Compositions of Hydrothermal Barite from the Yonaguni IV: Insight into Fluid/Sediment Interaction and Barite Crystallization Condition

Hydrothermal barite is a typical low-temperature mineral formed during the mixing of hydrothermal fluid and seawater.Because of its extremely low solubility,barite behaves as a close system after crystallization and preserves the geochemical fingerprint of hydrothermal fluid.In this study,the elemental contents and Sr isotope compositions of hydrothermal barites from the Yonaguni IV were determined using electron microprobe and LA-MC-ICP-MS respectively.On these bases,the fluid/sediment interaction during the hydrothermal circulation and physicochemical condition of barite crystallization were discussed.Results show that the 87 Sr/86 Sr values of hydrothermal barites from the Yonaguni IV are apparently higher than those of the seawater and associated volcanic rocks,indicating the sufficient interaction between the hydrothermal fluid and overlying sediment.Monomineral Sr abundance shows large variations,reflecting the changes in barite growth rate during the fluid mixing.The mineralization condition in the Yonaguni IV was unstable.During the crystallization of barite,hydrothermal fluid and seawater mixed in varying degrees,with the pro-portions of hydrothermal fluid varied from 36%to 72%.The calculated crystallization temperatures range from 109 to 220℃.Sediment plays a critical role during the mineralization process in the Yonaguni IV and incorporation of sediment component into hydrothermal system was prior to barite crystallization and sulfide mineralization.     

三江平原湿地景观结构的时空变化

基于湿地是流域中重要的景观和生态系统的思想,结合已有历史资料和遥感资料进行不同时段景观制图和GIS分析,对三江平原挠力河流域湿地景观结构和50年 (1949~2000) 来时空变化进行了系统研究,得出的主要结论为：(1) 流域湿地具有特殊的纵向结构、横向结构的景观梯度特征和内部结构特征,并且景观梯度特征与流域地形梯度、水文梯度以及地貌结构特征相协调;(2) 流域湿地景观结构在人类活动干扰下发生了巨大变化：景观纵向结构从连续的基质景观变化为河岸带景观,横向结构从明显的景观类型梯度特征变化为单一类型景观,而景观内部结构特征则表现为镶嵌斑块体的不断丧失;(3) 大规模土地开发活动和水利工程建设是流域湿地景观结构变化的主要驱动力。     

琼东南盆地陵南低凸起深水钻井岩心的稀土元素地球化学特征及其意义

A geochemical analysis of rare-earth elements(REEs) in 97 samples collected from the core of deep-water Well LS-A located at the Lingnan Low Uplift Area of the Qiongdongnan Basin is conducted, with the purpose of revealing the changes of sedimentary source and environment in the study region since Oligocene and evaluating the response of geochemical characteristics of REEs to the tectonic evolution. In the core samples, both ∑REE and ∑LREE(LREE is short for light-group REEs) fluctuate in a relatively wide range, while ∑HREE(HREE is short for heavy-group REEs) maintains a relatively stable level. With the stratigraphic chronology becoming newer, both ∑REE and ∑LREE show a gradually rising trend overall. The ∑REE of the core is relatively high from the bottom of Yacheng Formation(at a well depth of 4 207 m) to the top of Ledong Formation, and the REEs show partitioning characteristics of the enrichment of LREE, the stable content of HREE, and the negative anomaly of Eu to varying degrees. Overall the geochemical characteristics of REEs are relatively approximate to those of China's neritic sediments and loess, with significant "continental orientation". The ∑REE of the core is relatively low in the lower part of Yacheng Formation(at a well depth of 4 207–4 330 m), as shown by the REEs partitioning characteristics of the depletion of LREE, the relative enrichment of HREE, and the positive anomaly of Eu; the geochemical characteristics of REEs are approximate to those of oceanic crust and basalt overall, indicating that the provenance is primarily composed of volcanic eruption matters. As shown by the analyses based on sequence stratigraphy and mineralogy, the provenance in study region in the early Oligocene mainly resulted from the volcanic materials of the peripheral uplift areas; the continental margin materials from the north contributed only insignificantly; the provenance developed to a certain extent in the late Oligocene. Since the Miocene, the provenance has ceaselessly expanded from proximal to distal realm, embodying a characteristic of multi-source sedimentation. In the core strata with 31.5, 28.4, 25.5, 23, and 16 Ma from today, the geochemical parameters of REEs and Th/Sc ratio have significant saltation, embodying the tectonic movement events in the evolution of the Qiongdongnan Basin. In the tectonic evolution history of the South China Sea, the South China Sea Movement(34–25 Ma BP, early expansion of the South China Sea), Baiyun Movement(23 Ma BP), late expansion movement(23.5–16.5 Ma BP), expansion-settlement transition, and other important events are all clearly recorded by the geochemical characteristics of REEs in the core.     

基于移动窗口法的水电开发影响下景观格局梯度分析

基于GIS技术,利用移动窗口法对漫湾水电站建设前后上下游的景观格局改变进行梯度分析,这对于确定梯级水电开发的生态效应及影响范围具有现实意义。结果表明:1974—2004年30 a中,由于梯级水电站的建设,漫湾电站上下游河岸景观格局随与大坝距离的增加呈现不同的梯度变化,上游距离电站0～10 km内景观破碎化程度、景观多样性程度、景观丰富度最大,11～30 km内有所降低,31～38 km内由于上游小湾电站建设使景观格局所受干扰增强。通过上下游景观格局变化对比表明:0～10 km内,漫湾水电开发对大坝上游的景观格局的影响大于下游,下游10 km之外,景观格局的变化因素具有不确定性,退耕还林政策的实施对其影响很大。