A CASE OF MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE COMPLEX EVOLVING INTO A VORTEX*

A case of mesoscale convective complex(MCC) which evolved into a vortex is documented in this paper.As the MCC entered into the dissipating phase,a well-defined spirally banded structure became visible in the satellite image.The blackbody temperature(TBB) of the residual cold-cloud-shield indicates the vortex existed in the layer from 400 to 250 hPa.According to the upper air analysis,the upper level vortex was an anticyclone.The MCC-generated vortex was visualized in the satellite images because it was located in the subtropical high where the wind field was very weak.     

地震活动性的细胞自动机模型

本文在二维平面设计了一个模拟地震活动性的细胞自动机模型，分析了模拟地震离列的活动性，并探讨了强震前场兆和源兆的物理机制，结果表明，模型的地震序列很好地反映了实际地震的丛集特性、幂律关系和空间转移概率的稳定性等特点。     

Discovery of lipitobiolite in suqiao area—On the discrimination of coal-generated gases and oils and their prospects

Based on the fluorescence microscopic study, organic compositional analysis and simulating experiments on core samples and cuttings in the Suqiao area, it is found that the Carboniferous-Permian coal-bearing formations have substrata rich in spore, cuticle, resin and bark. These substrata have high potential for hydrocarbons, with S₁ + S₂ high up to about 200, high productivity of liquid hydrocarbons (73.5 mg / g or more) and natural gases (up to 194 ml / g). The substrata are thought to be an important source for natural gases and condensates found in this area. According to biomarker compounds and carbon and hydrogen isotope data from the Suqiao natural gas-condensate field, the coal and its simulating products, characteristics of coal-generated gases and oils from a special kind of coal and their correlation methods are discussed in the paper. In terms of the geochemical conditions of formation the distribution regularities of paralic coal rich in hydrogen, the commercial prospects of Carboniferous-Permian coal-generated oils have been evaluated as well.     

Physicochemical parameter charts for gases in fluid inclusions

A great wealth of analytical data for fluid inclusions in minerals indicate that the major species of gases in fluid inclusions are H₂O, CO₂, CO, CH₄, H₂ and O₂. Three basic chemical reactions are supposed to prevail in rock-forming and ore-forming fluids: $$\begin{gathered} H_2 + 1/2{\text{ O}}_{\text{2}} = H_2 O, \hfill \\ CO + 1/2{\text{ O}}_{\text{2}} = CO_2 , \hfill \\ CH_4 + 2{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} = CO_2 + 2H_2 O, \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ and equilibria are reached among them. \(\lg f_{O_2 } - T,{\text{ }}\lg f_{CO_2 } - T\) and Eh-T charts for petrogenesis and minerogenesis in the supercritical state have been plotted under different pressures. On the basis of these charts \(f_{O^2 } ,{\text{ }}f_{CO_2 } \) , Eh, equilibrium temperature and equilibrium pressure can be readily calculated. In this paper some examples are presented to show their successful application in the study of the ore-forming environments of ore deposits.     

Geochemical features and petrogenesis of Miaoya carbonatites,Hubei Province

The lens-shaped Miaoya carbonatite complex, located west of the Wudang massif, Hubei Province, consists of several types of carbonatites associated with syenites. According to their composition, the carbonatites can be classified into four types, i. e., sovite, alvikite, carbon-bearing alvikite and ankeritic carbonatite. Their average composition is in agreement with the abundance values for carbonatites compiled by Gold (1966). There are three stages recognizable: the earliest sovite and alvikite followed by carbon-bearing alvikite, with ankeritic carbonatite being the latest. Some rules dominating the distribution of major and rare elements are observed with respect to the evolution of these carbonatites, for example, Nb is essentially enriched in sovite. Except for niobite and ilmenorutile, there are also pyrochlore, nioboeschynite and fersmite. RE are concentrated mainly in ankeritic carbonatite, within which bastnasite, parisite and monazite are found. In general, Ca, Nb, and Sr decrease, while Fe, Mg, Mn, and RE increase from earlier to later stages. It is suggested that the carbonatites are genetically connected with syenitic magma.     

Isotopic geochronology of mesozoic acid volcanic rocks in Zhejiang Province,China

Volcano-sedimentary series of the Upper Jurassic to the Lower Cretaceous are extensively developed in Zhejiang Province. But ages and stratigraphic correlation concerning these rocks have long been a controversial problem. Systematic sampling was made of volcanic rocks of the Laocun, Huangjian, Shouchang and Moshishan Formations in western Zhejiang considered thus far as the Late Jurassic. Isotopic age determinations show that U-Th-Pb zircon ages are approximately concordant with Rb-Sr isochron ages, whereas K-Ar biotite ages and K-Ar isochron ages are all slightly lower. It can therefore be established that the ages of volcanic rocks mentioned above range from 134±6 to 122±2 m.y., corresponding to the “transitional period” from Jurassic to Cretaceous. It can also be concluded that the rocks have not undergone apparent epigenetic metamorphism. The initial⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio is about 0.7089–0.7121, on the basis of which it may be postulated that the volcanic magma seems to have originated from the upper mantle with contamination by sialic materials subsequent to differentiation. For age determinations of such acid volcanic rocks Rb-Sr isochron method is considered more suitable in view of its following advantages: the high reliability of results; wide applicability to different samples; smaller sample requirement and the possibility for further studies involving petrogenesis by use of initial⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio.     

500毫巴湿位势倾向诊断分析和应用

本文用湿位势倾向方程进行诊断分析,表明,湿大气中差动潜热能平流对500毫巴湿位势倾向有重要影响。日常业务中计算500毫巴层位势倾向,在判断未来低值系统的移动和暴雨落区中,有一定指示意义。     

地方震尾波震级的初步研究

地方震尾波由地壳横向不均匀性而产生的反向散射波组成。从这一观点出发,根据尾波随掠过时间的衰减特性,结合地震矩对数和地方震里克特地震级的线性关系,导出利用任一掠过时间的震尾来计算的尾波震级Mc公式。它的简化形式可以和持续时间震级的表达式近似一致。尾波震级可作为持续时间震级的一种广义形式,它是直接从震源地震矩导出的震级标度,从而为解释持续时间震级物理基础提供了可能的途径。应用于丹江地震台的资料,得到丹江口及邻区的尾波品质因子和介质函数以及地震矩对数和震级的期望关系,同时得到实用于该台的持续时间震级和简化尾波震级公式。     

人工增雨技术研究及示范

受科技部委托，中国气象局科技发展司于2005年11月25日在北京组织召开了“十五”国家科技攻关计划“水安全保障技术研究”重大项目的“人工增雨技术研究及示范”课题验收会。该项目在首席科学家郑国光研究员带领下，课题组经过4年多时间辛勤劳动，圆满完成了课题各项研究及示范任务，其主要成果有：     

新型灌浆材料在已建砌体结构抗震加固中的应用

具有悠久历史的石结构是砌体结构的重要组成部分，本文作者经广泛调研和试验分析：(1)提出以石粉为集料对石砌体进行抗震加固，寓环保与防灾于一体；(2)给出新型浆体配比和复合砂浆的强度等级，阐述加固技术和方法，建立灌浆石砌体抗震抗剪强度公式；(3)阐明抗震验算方法，提出基于模糊随机可靠理论的可靠性分析方法。