对台湾强震的预警时间研究

The paper collects the records by the Fujian Digital Seismic Network of 40 shallow earthquakes in Taiwan with M_S≥5.0 from 1999 to 2013,analyzes the seismic phase(Pn,Sn phase)characteristics and travel-time rules,determines travel-time models and develops a seismic phase travel-time equation based on the two-step fitting algorithm.With the deduction of processing time and network delay time,this method can provide an accurate estimation of early warning time of Taiwan earthquakes for the Fujian region,and has been officially employed in the earthquake early warning system of Fujian Province.     

Analysis of waves observed by synthetic aperture radar across ocean fronts

Ocean Dynamics - In this study, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging of waves across ocean fronts was investigated using C-band Sentinel-1 VV-polarized SAR imagery collected over the Yangtze and...     

Simulating earthquake evacuation using human behavior models

In classical earthquake risk assessment, the human behavior is actually not taken into account in risk assessment. Agent‐based modeling is a simulation technique that has been applied recently in several fields, such as emergency evacuation. The paper is proposing a methodology that includes in agent‐based models the human behavior, considering the anxiety effects generated by the crowd and their influence on the evacuation delays. The proposed model is able to take into account the interdependency between the earthquake evacuation process, and the corresponding damage of structural and non‐structural components that is expressed in term of fragility curves. The software REPAST HPC has been used to implement the model, and as a case study, the earthquake evacuation by a mall located in Oakland has been used. The human behavior model has been calibrated through a survey using a miscellaneous sample from different countries. The model can be used to test future scenarios and help local authorities in situations where the human behavior plays a key role. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Late Triassic tectonic inversion in the upper Yangtze Block: Insights from detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology from south‐western Sichuan Basin

The Sichuan Basin and the Songpan‐Ganze terrane, separated by the Longmen Shan fold‐and‐thrust belt (the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau), are two main Triassic depositional centres, south of the Qinling‐Dabie orogen. During the Middle–Late Triassic closure of the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean, the Sichuan Basin region, located at the western margin of the Yangtze Block, transitioned from a passive continental margin into a foreland basin. In the meantime, the Songpan‐Granze terrane evolved from a marine turbidite basin into a fold‐and‐thrust belt. To understand if and how the regional sediment routing system adjusted to these tectonic changes, we monitored sediment provenance primarily by using detrital zircon U‐Pb analyses of representative stratigraphic samples from the south‐western edge of the Sichuan Basin. Integration of the results with paleocurrent, sandstone petrology and published detrital zircon data from other parts of the basin identified a marked change in provenance. Early–Middle Triassic samples were dominated by Neoproterozoic (~700–900 Ma) zircons sourced mainly from the northern Kangdian basement, whereas Late Triassic sandstones that contain a more diverse range of zircon ages sourced from the Qinling, Longmen Shan and Songpan‐Ganze terrane. This change reflects a major drainage adjustment in response to the Late Triassic closure of the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean and significant shortening in the Longmen Shan thrust belt and the eastern Songpan‐Ganze terrane. Furthermore, by Late Triassic time, the uplifted northern Kangdian basement had subsided. Considering the eastward paleocurrent and depocenter geometry of the Upper Triassic deposits, subsidence of the northern Kangdian basement probably resulted from eastward shortening and loading of the Songpan‐Ganze terrane over the western margin of the Yangtze Block in response to the Late Triassic collision among Yangtze Block, Yidun arc and Qiangtang terrane along the Ganze‐Litang and Jinshajiang sutures.     

从公共性维度看粤港澳大湾区转型

从大珠江三角洲城市群到粤港澳大湾区的转变,本质上是从经济发展导向的增长主义模式向生活质量导向的后增长主义模式的转型。后增长主义时期,公共性建设成为重要话题。文章简要回顾了公共性的基本内涵,重点从后增长主义时期的发展需求、区域文化的反思、区域舆论氛围的倒逼等3方面对粤港澳大湾区公共性建设的必要性展开分析,然后聚焦香港和上海在公共性建设方面的主要经验,香港经验包括香港的社会组织具有相对强的独立性与自主性;香港的社区建设具有多元参与、专业引领的基本特征。上海经验包括:在实体公共空间方面,上海强调政府主导、多方参与;在虚拟公共空间方面,上海注重搭建议题广泛、宽容理性的公共舆论平台环境。最后,文章认为步入后增长主义时期的粤港澳大湾区要学习和借鉴香港和上海的公共性建设思路,即香港社会导向的公共性建设和上海政府导向的公共性建设。     

Geodetection analysis of the driving forces and mechanisms of erosion in the hilly-gully region of northern Shaanxi Province

Journal of Geographical Sciences - This paper analyzes the spatial variation in soil erosion in the loess hilly-gully region of northern Shaanxi Province, China. It sums up existing research,...     

激光显微探针39Ar/40Ar测年方法的两个应用研究实例

作者用激光显微探针39Ar/40Ar测年技术测定青藏高原北部东昆仑南韧性剪切带中糜棱岩和粤西云开片麻岩中多期矿物的年龄，从而确定出形成这些多期矿物的地质事件的时代。     

Analysis of the 3C 445 soft X-ray spectrum as observed by Chandra high-energy gratings

We present a detailed analysis of the soft X-ray emission of 3 C 445 using an archival Chandra High Energy Transmission Grating(HETG) spectrum. Highly-ionized H-and He-like Mg, Si and S lines, as well as a resolved low-ionized Si Kα line, are detected in the high resolution spectrum. The He-like triplets of Mg and Si are resolved into individual lines, and the calculated R ratios indicate a high density for the emitter. The low values of G ratios indicate the lines originate from collisionally ionized plasmas. However, the detection of a resolved narrow Ne X radiative recombination continua(RRC) feature in the spectrum seems to prefer a photoionized environment. The spectrum is subsequently modeled with a photoionization model, and the results are compared with those of a collisional model. Through a detailed analysis of the spectrum, we exclude a collisional origin for these emission lines. A one-component photoionization model provides a great fit to the emission features. The best-fit parameters are log ξ = 3.3_(-0.3)~(+0.4) erg cm s~(-1), n H = 5_(-4.5)~(+15)× 10~(10) cm~(-3) and NH = 2.5_(-1.7)~(+3.8)× 10~(20) cm~(-2).According to the calculated high density for the emitter, the measured velocity widths of the emission lines and the inferred radial distance(6 × 10~(14)-8 × 10~(15) cm), we suggest the emission lines originating from matter are located in the broad line region(BLR).     

A low-latency pipeline for GRB light curve and spectrum using Fermi/GBM near real-time data

Rapid response and short time latency are very important for Time Domain Astronomy, such as the observations of Gamma-ray Bursts(GRBs) and electromagnetic(EM) counterparts of gravitational waves(GWs). Based on near real-time Fermi/GBM data, we developed a low-latency pipeline to automatically calculate the temporal and spectral properties of GRBs. With this pipeline, some important parameters can be obtained, such as T_(90) and fluence, within ～ 20 min after the GRB trigger.For ～ 90% of GRBs, T_(90) and fluence are consistent with the GBM catalog results within 2σ errors.This pipeline has been used by the Gamma-ray Bursts Polarimeter(POLAR) and the Insight Hard Xray Modulation Telescope(Insight-HXMT) to follow up the bursts of interest. For GRB 170817 A, the first EM counterpart of GW events detected by Fermi/GBM and INTEGRAL/SPI-ACS, the pipeline gave T_(90) and spectral information 21 min after the GBM trigger, providing important information for POLAR and Insight-HXMT observations.     

台风中降雨对中国高分3号合成孔径雷达观测信号的影响

Gaofen-3(GF-3), a Chinese civil synthetic aperture radar(SAR) at C-band, has operated since August 2016.Remarkably, several typhoons have been captured by GF-3 around the China Seas over its last two-year mission.In this study, six images acquired in Global Observation(GLO) and Wide ScanSAR(WSC) modes at verticalvertical(VV) polarization channel are discussed. This work focuses on investigating the observation of rainfall using GF-3 SAR. These images were collocated with winds from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF), significant wave height simulated from the WAVEWATCH-III(WW3) model, sea surface currents from climate forecast system version 2(CFSv2) of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP) and rain rate data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM) satellite. Sea surface roughness,was compared with the normalized radar cross section(NRCS) from SAR observations, and indicated a 0.8 correlation(COR). We analyzed the dependences of the difference between model-simulated NRCS and SARmeasured NRCS on the TRMM rain rate and WW3-simulated significant wave height. It was found that the effects of rain on SAR damps the radar signal at incidence angles ranging from 15° to 30°, while it enhances the radar signal at incidence angles ranging from 30° to 45° and incidence angles smaller than 10°. This behavior is consistent with previous studies and an algorithm for rain rate retrieval is anticipated for GF-3 SAR.