卡拉高莱斯油田U油组储层特征及其评价

以取心井的毛管压力曲线等分析资料为基础 ,结合储层物性测井参数解释结果 ,对卡拉高莱斯油田U油组储层从岩性组成、物性特征、孔隙类型及孔隙结构、非均质性等方面进行了综合评价。认为该储层为一套中高孔、中高渗储层 ,其物性主要受沉积微相、粒度中值、泥质含量等因素影响 ,其层内、层间和平面非均质性均较强。     

Water quantity and quality simulation by improved SWAT in highly regulated Huai River Basin of China

High regulation of dams or sluices disturbs flow regimes and pollutant transformation process significantly in most basins over the world. The water quality and quantity simulation in highly regulated river basins is always a very complicated task. The Huai River Basin is a typical area in China with the highest density of water projects and serious pollution problems simultaneously. In this paper, a procedure based on Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was proposed to carry out the water quantity and quality simulation of Huai River Basin by incorporating the operation rules of dams or sluices into the reservoir regulation module. The water quality module in SWAT is extended to suit the actual situation of river basin in China. The results show that: for runoff simulation, 28 of all the 38 stations (73.7%) have the acceptable performance, with the average correlation coefficient and efficiency coefficient of 0.83 and 0.66, respectively in the calibration period. In the validation period, 17 of all the 34 stations (50%) have the acceptable performance, with the average correlation coefficient and efficiency coefficient of 0.77 and 0.54, respectively. The model performs the worst for reservoirs, little better for sluices and the best for unregulated stations. Comparing to the low flow and high flow simulation of original SWAT model, the low flow simulation of reservoirs and the high flow simulation of sluices are much better because of their different main purposes. For water quality simulation, the standard reaching rates of NH₃–N and COD_Mn are 55.9% (19/34) and 67.6% (23/34) respectively for all the stations, and the average relation coefficients are 0.46 and 0.48 respectively. Comparing with the results of original SWAT model, the improved model better reproduces the long-term water quantity and quality processes in the Huai River Basin of China. This study provides a new approach and reference to understand the variation of water quantity and quality in highly regulated river basin, and is expected as technical support for the environment restoration and integrated management in the basins, especially in China.     

Phytoremediation of pentachlorophenol-contaminated sediments by aquatic macrophytes

Capability of three species of aquatic macrophytes to remediate pentachlorophenol (PCP)-contaminated sediments starting with initial concentration of 2,000 μg kg⁻¹ dw (dry weight) was investigated. Negative effect of PCP on the plant growth, chlorophyll contents and root activities (p > 0.05) of the three species of aquatic macrophytes during remediation was not observed. PCP removal was significantly enhanced in the phytoremediated sediments in comparison with the control sediments after 90 days treatment (p < 0.05), and the removal rates of PCP in the sediments planted with P. communis Trin, T. orientalis and S. validus Vahl were 90.35 ± 0.03, 99.23 ± 0.02 and 99.33 ± 0.01%, respectively, while the rate was 29.87 ± 0.05% in the control sediments. Bioaccumulation by three macrophytes was confirmed; the maximum PCP contents in the roots of P. communis Trin, T. orientalis and S. validus Vahl were 419.50 ± 0.71, 1,833.33 ± 7.37 and 2,090.00 ± 2.65 μg kg⁻¹ at the 30th day, respectively. In conclusion, P. communis Trin, T. orientalis and S. validus Vahl may act as promising tools for the PCP phytoremediation in aquatic environment, especially S. validus Vahl.     

风干含水量W65用作膨胀土判别分类指标的可行性研究

本文针对膨胀土的判别分类指标存在的一些问题,提出一种新指标--风干含水量W65.文中详细研究了它的测试方法,它与膨胀土的物理化学活性,物性指标及自由膨胀率ef等的关系。结果表明,W65能很好反映膨胀土的矿物组成或物理化学活性特征,而ef或WL则更能反映土的粒度组成或分散性特征。最后,在继承ef的判别分类成果基础上,考虑到塑性图的优点,建议采用W65-WL判别分类图。该图能区分膨胀土与典型红粘土,较单一指标判分膨胀土更合理适用。     

GENETIC DIVERSITY OF THE WILD AND REARED PSEUDOSCIAENA CROCEA

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｌａｒｇｅｙｅｌｌｏｗｃｒｏａｋｅｒＰｓｅｕｄｏｓｃｉａｅｎａｃｒｏｃｅａｏｎｃｅｗａｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｆｏｕｒｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｍａｒｉｎｅｆｉｓｈ ｅｒｙｏｂｊｅｃｔｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａ (Ｈｏｎｇｅｔａｌ.,1 983;ＨｕａｎｇａｎｄＣａｒｌ,1 983;ＣｈｅｎａｎｄＧｏｎｇ ,1 983) .ＴｈｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｗｉｌｄＰ .ｃｒｏｃｅａｉｎ 1 974ｒｅａｃｈｅｄ 1 971 78ｍｅｔｒｉｃｔｏｎｓ (ＭＴ)ｉｎＣｈｉｎａ (Ｌｉ,1 998) .Ｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｏｖｅｒｆｉｓｈｉｎｇ ,ｔｈ…     

塔形马蹄螺人工促熟及催产的研究

进行了塔形马蹄螺(Trochus pyramis Born)的人工促熟及催产实验。结果表明,塔形马蹄螺的生物学最小型为:雄性个体壳高1.33cm,雌性个体壳高1.42cm。塔形马蹄螺人工促熟的适宜温度为26～28℃,用叉珊藻(Jania arborescens Yendo)为饵料促熟塔形马蹄螺的效果较好。经促熟的实验贝采用降温阴干的方法进行催产效果较好,实验贝的催产率最高可达95%左右。     

铜陵凤凰山铜矿床斑岩型矿体原生叠加晕特征及其成矿预测意义

通过对凤凰山铜矿床新的矿化类型—斑岩型铜矿体的系统采样分析,认为斑岩型铜矿体具有各自的原生晕分带性;多阶段矿化作用和多矿体的迭瓦状产出,使各阶段矿化作用和各矿体的原生晕叠加形成了统一的、范围较大的、较为稳定的原生叠加晕。因此,矿体的原生晕和原生叠加晕特征可指导本区斑岩型铜矿体的成矿预测。     

Poroelastic behaviour of saturated brittle rock with anisotropic damage

A new anisotropic poroelastic damage model is proposed for saturated brittle porous materials. The model is formulated in the framework of the continuum damage mechanics. A second‐rank symmetric tensor is used to characterize material damage due to oriented microcracks. The classic Biot poroelastic theory is then extended to include poroelastic damage coupling. Both the deterioration of elastic properties and poroelastic coefficients is taken into account. A suitable procedure for determination of model parameters from standard laboratory tests is presented. The validity of the model is tested through comparison between numerical predictions and experimental data in various loading conditions. The overall performance of the model is evaluated. The choice of relevant effective stress for the microcrack propagation criterion in saturated cohesive geomaterials is discussed. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Water Quality Management Based on Division of Dry and Wet Seasons in Pearl River Delta,China

In the Pearl River Delta (PRD), river water quality deteriorates continually due to the population increase and ongoing industrialization and urbanization. In this study, a water quality management paradigm based on the seasonal variation is proposed. For better exploring the seasonal change of water quality, wavelet analysis was used to analyze the division of dry and wet seasons in the PRD during 1952–2009. Then water quality seasonal variation in 2008 and relevant impact factors were analyzed by multivariate statistic methods as a case to make some management measures. The results show that there are some differences of dry and wet seasons division among different years. Wet season mainly appear from April to September, which occupy the largest proportion among the 58 years (about 70%) and then followed by the wet season from May to October (about 13.8% of the total years). As to the water quality of 2008, significant differences exist between dry and wet seasons for 17 water quality parameters except TP, , Fe²⁺, and Zn²⁺. Levels of parameters pH, EC, COD_Mn, BOD₅, , , and Cl^? in dry season are much higher than those in wet season. In dry season the variations of river water quality are mainly influenced by domestic sewage, industrial effluents, and salt water intrusion. While in wet season, except the aforementioned pollution sources, drainages from cultivated land and livestock farm are also the main factors influencing water pollution. Thus, water quality management measures are proposed in dry and wet seasons, respectively. The results obtained from this study would further facilitate water quality protection and water resources management in the PRD.     

含氧酸盐矿物生成自由能的计算

地质科学近年来发展的一个重要方向是热力学理论和热化学方法的应用。在地质领域内应用热力学理论的基础是矿物及有关化合物的热力学性质(或热化学数据)。