滇东黔西上二叠统含煤岩系泥岩粘土矿物组成及环境意义*

滇东黔西上二叠统含煤岩系形成于陆相到海陆过渡相环境中,其泥岩的粘土矿物组成可以反映这种环境背景。该区泥岩粘土矿物类型以高岭石和伊利石/蒙皂石间层矿物为主,伊利石次之,局部层段见较少绿泥石及蒙皂石。垂向上,高岭石在富源后所矿区、盘县盘关矿区剖面中下部（即宣威组中、下段和龙潭组）含量偏高;伊利石在织金矿区剖面上部（长兴组）和下部（龙潭组下段）含量明显偏高,而在剖面中部（龙潭组上段）偏低;伊利石/蒙皂石间层矿物在后所矿区、盘关矿区、纳雍矿区占绝对优势,而在织金矿区仅在剖面中部含量较高,并与伊利石呈明显的负相关关系;蒙皂石含量很少,仅出现于盘关矿区和织金矿区剖面的上部和下部。粘土矿物的上述分布特征可大致反映出龙潭早期为海侵期,龙潭晚期为海退期,长兴期为新的更大的海侵期。平面上,从陆到海,即从滇东的冲积平原河流体系,向东经盘关向斜的上三角洲平原、纳雍的过渡带三角洲平原,到织金的下三角洲平原及潮汐平原,高岭石含量急剧减少,伊利石含量逐渐增加。最为明显的是从滇东河流体系到黔西三角洲—潮坪体系之间高岭石含量骤然减少。     

Estimation of the Aerosol Radiative Effect over the Tibetan Plateau Based on the Latest CALIPSO Product

Based on the CALIPSO (Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) Version 4.10 products released on 8 November 2016, the Level 2 (L2) aerosol product over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is evaluated and the aerosol radiative effect is also estimated in this study. As there are still some missing aerosol data points in the daytime CALIPSO Version 4.10 L2 product, this study re-calculated the aerosol extinction coefficient to explore the aerosol radiative effect over the TP based on the CALIPSO Level 1 (L1) and CloudSat 2B-CLDCLASS-LIDAR products. The energy budget estimation obtained by using the AODs (aerosol optical depths) from calculated aerosol extinction coefficient as an input to a radiative transfer model shows better agreement with the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) and CloudSat 2B-FLXHR-LIDAR observations than that with the input of AODs from aerosol extinction coefficient from CALIPSO Version 4.10 L2 product. The radiative effect and heating rate of aerosols over the TP are further simulated by using the calculated aerosol extinction coefficient. The dust aerosols may heat the atmosphere by retaining the energy in the layer. The instantaneous heating rate can be as high as 5.5 K day^–1 depending on the density of the dust layers. Overall, the dust aerosols significantly affect the radiative energy budget and thermodynamic structure of the air over the TP, mainly by altering the shortwave radiation budget. The significant influence of dust aerosols over the TP on the radiation budget may have important implications for investigating the atmospheric circulation and future regional and global climate.     

Geochemistry and chronology of Se'' ertengshan greenstone, Inner Mongolia

This paper deals with the meta-mafic volcanic rocks of the Gongyiming iron deposit at Baotou, Inner Mongolia. The major and trace elements and REE data indicate that the meta-mafic volcanic rocks occurred in the environment similar to a modern continental rift. Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr isotopic studies indicated that the meta-basic rocks were formed during the Early Neoarchean from 2800 Ma to 2900 Ma and reworked during the Late Neoarchean (2500 Ma) by metamorphism. Because of the separation of the North China Craton from the Siberia Craton during the Middle Proterozoic ( 1600 Ma), the Rb-Sr systematics of the rocks has been changed. The Se' ertengshan greenstone seems to occur during the Middle Archean. A stable continental crust may have existed during the Paleoarchean.     

华北中强地震前Morishita播散指数空间演化特征及其应用

研究了华北中强地震前3年Morishita播散指数的空间演化，发现Iδ异常几乎都是首先在远离震中的地方出现，并逐步向未来震中集中，这种规律可为地震的地点预报提供重要信息。     

北京春季一次持续浮尘和污染天气过程分析

2001年4月底5月初北京地区出现了一次以浮尘天气为主，夹杂轻雾、雷阵雨、烟幕等复杂天气过程的持续重污染事件，给北京地区的生产和生活带来了较大的影响。文章主要从天气形势上分析了北京浮尘天气形成的原因和持续空气污染的气象条件。结果表明，此次过程是由于高空冷涡发展东移，蒙古气旋发展和地面冷锋移动经过蒙古国南部和华北北部等干燥、疏松的地表形成扬沙、沙尘暴，大量的细小沙尘粒子随高空偏西气流携带而至北京，形成浮尘天气。本地低空处于弱辐合区，层结稳定，风速小、逆温频繁，这些均不利于沙尘粒子和本地污染物的扩散，导致连续可吸入颗粒物重污染的形成。     

企鹅珍珠贝的柱形笼养成试验

本试验分别采用柱形笼和锥形笼同时进行鹅珍珠贝2cm左右幼苗养成到8cm左右中贝，经过10个月的养殖，柱形笼比锥形笼幼苗的生长速率（以个体平均壳高增长值为主）提高37．1－38．7％，成活率提高53．6－69．7％，且柱形笼养成的企鹅珍珠贝幼贝生长旺盛，个体强壮。     

南海沉积物中U,Th分布特征及其古环境意义

对采自南海深海中的两个柱样进行了分析。沉积速率分别为6.2cm·ka－1（317－82－25柱）和4．2cm·ka-1（90－37柱），均明显大于其他深海沉积速率，说明了南海这个边缘海的“放大效应”。此外，还分析了采自珠江口至外陆架的表层样，总结出从几元素在平面上的分布规律：从河口一陆架边缘～半深海，U，几含量的变化趋势均为多～少一多，Th／U比为小→大→小；而碳酸盐含量则显示出少→多→少的分布规律，即U，Th的含量与碳酸盐含量成反比，这可能是碳酸盐的所谓“稀释效应”所致。铀含量随柱样深度的变化曲线基本上与氧同位素曲线相吻合，其相关系数达0．67,证明U含量变化可能具有气候意义。Th的高含量点亦落在冷期之内。文中还探讨了水中铀的来源去向，说明了它能反映气候变化的原因。     

非饱和网纹红土比例加载特性研究

本文利用应力控制式全自动GDS静三轴仪对含水率相同、干密度相同重塑网纹红土进行分级加载条件下不同恒应力比路径、不同基质吸力的三轴固结排水试验,研究了非饱和网纹红土比例加载特性。研究结果表明：在比例加载条件下,非饱和网纹红土的基质吸力平衡过程中,反压排水量有一个明显的转折点,此转折点可作为判断基质吸力是否到达平衡的时间点;通过比较不同基质吸力下的轴向应变和时间的关系曲线发现,基质吸力的增加引起轴向应变增加;在偏应力保持不变的条件下,基质吸力的增加没有引起轴向应变的明显增加;不同基质吸力下的偏应力和净平均应力呈直线关系,其斜率近似为恒应力比;提出一种可以预测非饱和网纹红土比例加载条件下的径向应变的方法。     

The structural behaviour of timber joints subjected to bi‐axial bending

This study investigates the structural performance of interior, exterior and corner traditional timber joints found in a traditional temple in Japan subjected to bi‐axial bending. A total of 36 half‐scale specimens were fabricated and tested under both uni‐axial and bi‐axial cyclic bending for comparison of their structural behaviour. The results show that the corner joints exhibit lower rotational stiffness than the interior and exterior joints. Further, connections subjected to only uni‐axial moments exhibit better performance with regard to moment resistance, energy dissipation and stiffness degradation as compared with those subjected to bi‐axial moments. Hence, this study suggests that if the timber joints are subjected to bi‐axial bending, this effect on timber joints should be considered during the design and evaluation process in the future. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

青藏高原东北边缘地震活动图像构造分析

本文介绍了青藏高原东北边缘及其邻近地区的地震活动特征和地震线的展布，研究区共划分出８条主要地震线。在不同地震活动时期，各地震线上的地震活动水平不同。研究结果对于分析本区地震活动性和研究本区的地震预报是有益的。