探地雷达信号特征分析和分辨率提高方法研究

探地雷达信号的奇异点或突变点作为雷达信号的重要特征通常反映介质重要信息,如电性变化界面或异常体等。分析了探地雷达信号在Hilbert变换下,利用小波变换确定探地雷达信号奇异点位置的方法。解决了传统傅立叶变换只能从整体检测探地雷达信号奇异性的局限性。并且由于小波变换良好的时频局部化特性,进一步讨论了其在提高探地雷达信号分辨率的研究中的应用。     

Late Caledonian Ductile Thrusting Deformation in the Central East Kunlun Belt, Qinghai, China and Its Significance: Evidence from Geochronology

A high-angle ductile thrusting deformation with top-to-the-north movement penetratively developed in the Proterozoic-Early Paleozoic metamorphic rocks along the Central East Kunlun belt. The deformed rocks suffered epidote-amphibolite facies metamorphism. On the basis of our previous study, we present more data in this paper to further support that the ducdle thrust deformation occurred in the later Caledonian and more detailed information about the deformation. A zircon U-Pb concordant age of 446±2.2 Ma of a deformed granodiorite in the ductile thrust zone was obtained and can be interpreted as the lower limit of the deformation. A syntectonically crystallized and also strongly deformed hornblende Ar/ Ar dating gives an Ar/Ar plateau age of 426.5±3.8 Ma, which represents the deformation age. A strongly orientated muscovite gives an Ar/Ar plateau age of 408±1.6Ma, representing the cooling age after the peak temperature, constraining the upper limit of the ductile thrust deformation. This ductile thru     

储层流动单元研究在油田老区挖潜中的应用——以吉林油田乾146区块开发为例

吉林油田乾146区块经多年开采,已经进入高含水、高采出阶段。通过储层流动单元研究,运用多参数模糊聚类方法将该区高台子油层由好至差划分为A、B、C、D、E 5类储层流动单元。查明了区内主要目的层系各含油小层的储层流动单元发育特征:40、39小层主要发育A、B类优质储层流动单元,42、41、38小层则以C、D、E类储层流动单元为主,各小层储层流动单元类型及展布与初始产能吻合度较高,表明储层流动单元类型的差异是控制本区油气分布的重要因素之一。综合油藏地质特征及油田开发动态数据,对各储层流动单元的注采渗流体系进行了深入剖析,归纳总结出乾146区块高台子油层XII砂组中剩余油分布的5条规律,据此在剩余油分布预测区部署了1口扩边井和2口老区加密井,投产后分别获得了11.2t/d、5.5t/d和8.6t/d的初始产能。     

Channel morphology and its impact on flood passage, the Tianjiazhen reach of the middle Yangtze River

The Tianjiazhen reach of the middle Yangtze is about 8 km long, and characterized by a narrow river width of 650 m and local water depth of > 90 m in deep inner troughs, of which about 60 m is below the mean sea level. The troughs in the channel of such a large river are associated with regional tectonics and local lithology. The channel configuration plays a critical role in modifying the height and duration of river floods and erosion of the riverbed. The formation of the troughs in the bed of the Yangtze is considered to be controlled by sets of NW–SE-oriented neotectonic fault zones, in which some segments consist of highly folded thick Triassic limestone crossed by the Yangtze River. Several limestone hills, currently located next to the river channel, serve as nodes that create large vortices in the river, thereby accelerating downcutting on the riverbed composed of limestone highly susceptible to physical corrosion and chemical dissolution. Hydrological records indicate that the nodal hills and channel configuration at Tianjiazhen do not impact on normal flow discharges but discharges > 50,000 m³s^− 1 are slowed down for 2–3 days. Catastrophic floods are held up for even longer periods. These inevitably result in elevated flood stages upstream of prolonged duration, affecting large cities such as Wuhan and a very large number of people.     

现代油藏描述关键技术

现代油藏描述提倡勘探开发一体化,真正实现测井与地震信息匹配,实现静态信息与动态信息结合,最终由定性走向定量。重点阐述了现代油藏描述中,通过集成高分辨率的岩石物理数据、中分辨率的测井数据及低分辨率的地震数据,采用储层自动划分对比及储层结构分析技术、沉积微相自动识别技术、波形差异分析法预测高产气区技术对不同勘探开发阶段、不...     

中国中央造山带内两个超高压变质带关系

中国中央造山带内至少发育两个超高压变质带,一个是南阿尔金-柴北缘-北秦岭超高压变质带,超高压峰期变质年龄为早古生代(500～400 Ma),代表扬子与中朝克拉通间的深俯冲和碰撞带;另一个是研究程度较高的大别-苏鲁超高压和高压变质带,峰期变质年龄主体是三叠纪(250～220 Ma),代表扬子克拉通内部的陆内大陆深俯冲和碰撞带。对东秦岭看丰沟及香坊沟的变质岩片详细岩石学和构造学研究以及先期造山带尺度的构造、岩石和年代学研究资料分析证明,南阿尔金-柴北缘-北秦岭超高压变质带,向东不能与大别-苏鲁超高压和高压变质带的任一部分相连,包括南大别和西北大别超高压及高压变质岩石。相反,大别-苏鲁超高压及高压变质带,向西经桐柏山,横过南襄盆地延伸到南秦岭的西峡及商南一带。仅在东秦岭-大别山范围内,两个超高压变质带分别位于南丹断裂系南北两侧,沿造山带近平行延展,之间被一系列以断裂或剪切带为边界的岩石构造岩片相隔,不能构成横贯中国中部统一的巨型超高压变质带。任何有关中国中央造山带构造格架及构造演化模型的建立,均应考虑其内部发育两个时代和功能不同的超高压变质带。     

Snow distribution from SSM/I and its relationships to the hydroclimatology of the Mackenzie River Basin,Canada

The spatial and temporal distribution of snow cover extent (SCE) and snow water equivalent (SWE) play vital roles in the hydrology of northern watersheds. We apply remotely sensed Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) data from 1988 to 2007 to explore the relationships between snow distribution and the hydroclimatology of the Mackenzie River Basin (MRB) of Canada and its major sub-basins. The Environment Canada (EC) algorithm is adopted to retrieve the SWE from SSM/I data. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 8-day maximum snow cover extent products (MOD10A2) are used to estimate the different thresholds of retrieved SWE from SSM/I to classify the land cover as snow or no snow for various sub-basins in the MRB. The sub-basins have varying topography and hence different thresholds that range from 10 mm to 30 mm SWE. The accuracy of snow cover mapping based on the combination of several thresholds for the different sub-basins reaches ≈ 90%. The northern basins are found to have stronger linear relationships between the date on which snow cover fraction (SCF) reaches 50% or when SWE reaches 50% and mean air temperatures, than the southern basins. Correlation coefficients between SCF, SWE, and hydroclimatological variables show the new SCF products from SSM/I perform better than SWE from SSM/I to analyze the relationships with the regional hydroclimatology. Statistical models relating SCF and SWE to runoff indicate that the SCF and SWE from EC algorithms are able to predict the discharge in the early snow ablation seasons in northern watersheds.     

下翼缘摩擦式自定心钢框架梁柱节点抗震性能的数值模拟

介绍了一种新型的铜框架梁柱节点形式,其中预应力钢绞线提供了结构在地震作用下的复位功能（自定心）,设置在梁端下翼缘的摩擦件则为结构提供了耗能能力;介绍了下翼缘摩擦式自定心钢框架粱柱节点的构造和工作原理,以节点的低用反复加载试验结果为依据,利用面向对象的开放式计算程序OpenSees建立了节点的数值模型,并侧重于模拟节点在地震作用下的张开/闭合、自定心、摩擦耗能以及螺栓受剪等特性。由计算结果与试验结果对比可知,所建立的数值模型对节点的抗震性能具有良好的模拟效果。     

改性氢氧化镁对地下水中铅镉的稳定化性能研究

为研究OH-缓释剂对铅、镉污染地下水修复的可行性,通过室内实验制备改性氢氧化镁,并对其去除地下水中Pb和Cd的性能进行研究。实验结果表明,重金属的稳定化机理主要为沉淀反应。在去除单一重金属(Pb或Cd)实验中,Pb和Cd的去除率都可达到99%以上,反应符合一级反应动力学,反应速率常数分别为0.173 7 min-1和0.003 7 min-1。改性氢氧化镁在处理Pb和Cd的复合污染时Pb优先于Cd反应,Pb的存在会对Cd的沉淀起到抑制作用。     

CO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-assisted removal of nutrients from municipal wastewater by microalgae <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chlorella vulgaris</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scenedesmus obliquus</Emphasis>

Axenic culture of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris ATCC^® 13482 and Scenedesmus obliquus FACHB 417 was used for phycoremediation of primary municipal wastewater. The main aim of this study was to measure the effects of normal air and CO₂-augmented air on the removal efficacy of nutrients (ammonia N and phosphate P) from municipal wastewater by the two microalgae. Batch experiments were carried out in cylindrical glass bottles of 1 L working volume at 25 °C and cool fluorescent light of 6500 lux maintaining 14/10 h of light/dark cycle with normal air supplied at 0.2 L min^?1 per liter of the liquid for both algal strains for the experimental period. In the next set of experiments, the treatment process was enhanced by using 1, 2 and 5% CO₂/air (vol./vol.) supply into microalgal cultures. The enrichment of inlet air with CO₂ was found to be beneficial. The maximum removal of 76.3 and 76% COD, 94.2 and 92.6% ammonia, and 94.8 and 93.1% phosphate after a period of 10 days was reported for C. vulgaris and S. obliquus, respectively, with 5% CO₂/air supply. Comparing the two microalgae, maximum removal rates of ammonia and phosphate by C. vulgaris were 4.12 and 1.75 mg L^?1 day^?1, respectively, at 5% CO₂/air supply. From kinetic study data, it was found that the specific rates of phosphate utilization (q _phsophate) by C. vulgaris and S. obliquus at 5% CO₂/air supply were 1.98 and 2.11 day^?1, respectively. Scale-up estimation of a reactor removing phosphate (the criteria pollutant) from 50 MLD wastewater influent was also done.