黔西地区煤层埋深与地应力对其渗透性控制机制

基于黔西六盘水煤田和织纳煤田16口井36层次的试井资料, 采用地质统计分析等方法, 探讨了黔西地区煤储层渗透性的展布规律与地应力特征, 论证了煤层埋深与地应力对其渗透性的控制机制.研究表明, 研究区煤储层以特低渗-低渗透率储层(＜0.1×10-9m2)为主, 中渗透率储层(0.1×10-9~1.0×10-9m2)也占有相当大比例; 应力场类型在浅部表现为大地动力场型, 一定深度可能转化为准静水压力状态.煤储层渗透率及其埋深的负幂指数关系较为离散, 但在不同深度渗透率转折点与地应力场类型转变一致; 单井煤储层试井渗透率差异较大, 随地应力增大和埋深增加而降低, 平面展布受地应力强度控制由SW-NE具"低-高-低"发育规律.埋深对渗透率的控制实质是地应力的控制, 区域构造位置及其所处高应力场作用下的煤体形变与破碎致使孔裂隙压缩或闭合是该区渗透性差异的主要控制机制.      

Strategically Locating Wildlife Crossing Structures for Florida Panthers Using Maximal Covering Approaches

Crossing structures are an effective method for mitigating habitat fragmentation and reducing wildlife‐vehicle collisions, although high construction costs limit the number that can be implemented in practice. Therefore, optimizing the placement of crossing structures in road networks is suggested as a strategic conservation planning method. This research explores two approaches for using the maximal covering location problem (MCLP) to determine optimal sites to install new wildlife crossing structures. The first approach is based on records of traffic mortality, while the second uses animal tracking data for the species of interest. The objective of the first is to cover the maximum number of collision sites, given a specified number of proposed structures to build, while the second covers as many animal tracking locations as possible under a similar scenario. These two approaches were used to locate potential wildlife crossing structures for endangered Florida panthers (Puma concolor coryi) in Collier, Lee, and Hendry Counties, Florida, a population whose survival is threatened by excessive traffic mortality. Historical traffic mortality records and an extensive radio‐tracking dataset were used in the analyses. Although the two approaches largely select different sites for crossing structures, both models highlight key locations in the landscape where these structures can remedy traffic mortality and habitat fragmentation. These applications demonstrate how the MCLP can serve as a useful conservation planning tool when traffic mortality or animal tracking data are available to researchers.     

Flows within the Ekman layer during spin-up of a thermally stratified fluid

Abstract

Finite-difference numerical solutions were obtained to present the flow and temperature field details within the transient Ekman layer during spin-up of a thermally stratified fluid in a cylinder. This complements the earlier studies on stratified spin-up which examined the flows in the interior core region. As the stratification increases, the following changes in the flow field are noticeable. The radial velocity in the Ekman layer decreases in magnitude. The azimuthal flows adjust smoothly from the interior region to the endwall boundary, and the Ekman layer in the azimuthal flow field fades. Vertical motions are inhibited, resulting in a weakened Ekman pumping. The axial vorticity field behaves similarly to the azimuthal flows. The temperature deviation from the equilibrium profile decreases, and the heat transfer flux from the endwall to the fluid decreases. The thickness of the thermal layer is larger than the velocity layer thickness. Illustrative comparisons of the relative sizes of the terms in the governing equations are conducted in order to assess the stratification effect in the adjustment process of the fluid.     

Electric charge and magnetic flux on rotating black holes in a force-free magnetosphere

The electric charge on rotating black holes is calculated to be ∼ BJ in the force-free configuration of Ghosh, with a horizon flux of ∼ BM ². This charge is gravitationally weak for B ∼10¹⁵ G , so that the Kerr metric applies. Being similar to the electric charge of a magnetar, both electric charge and magnetic flux should be, in sign and order of magnitude, continuous during stellar collapse into a black hole. Extraction of the rotational energy from newly formed black holes may proceed by interaction with the magnetic field.     

Distribution characteristics and factors influencing microbial communities in the core soils of a seawater intrusion area in Longkou City,China

Microbes live throughout the soil profile. Microbial communities in subsurface horizons are impacted by a saltwater–freshwater transition zone formed by seawater intrusion (SWI) in coastal regions. The main purpose of this study is to explore the changes in microbial communities within the soil profile because of SWI. The study characterizes the depth-dependent distributions of bacterial and archaeal communities through high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons by collecting surface soil and deep core samples at nine soil depths in Longkou City, China. The results showed that although microbial communities were considerably impacted by SWI in both horizontal and vertical domains, the extent of these effects was variable. The soil depth strongly influenced the microbial communities, and the microbial diversity and community structure were significantly different (p < 0.05) at various depths. Compared with SWI, soil depth was a greater influencing factor for microbial diversity and community structure. Furthermore, soil microbial community structure was closely related to the environmental conditions, among which the most significant environmental factors were soil depth, pH, organic carbon, and total nitrogen.

     

Shale Microstructure Extraction Based on Micro-CT and Permeability Inversion

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - A shale rock sample was scanned by micro-CT technology, tomographic images of the rock sample were obtained, and the three-dimensional structure was...     

Effect of doubling the ensemble size on the performance of ensemble prediction in the warm season using MOGREPS implemented at the KMA

Using the Met Office Global and Regional Ensemble Prediction System (MOGREPS) implemented at the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA), the effect of doubling the ensemble size on the performance of ensemble prediction in the warm season was evaluated. Because a finite ensemble size causes sampling error in the full forecast probability distribution function (PDF), ensemble size is closely related to the efficiency of the ensemble prediction system. Prediction capability according to doubling the ensemble size was evaluated by increasing the number of ensembles from 24 to 48 in MOGREPS implemented at the KMA. The initial analysis perturbations generated by the Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (ETKF) were integrated for 10 days from 22 May to 23 June 2009. Several statistical verification scores were used to measure the accuracy, reliability, and resolution of ensemble probabilistic forecasts for 24 and 48 ensemble member forecasts. Even though the results were not significant, the accuracy of ensemble prediction improved slightly as ensemble size increased, especially for longer forecast times in the Northern Hemisphere. While increasing the number of ensemble members resulted in a slight improvement in resolution as forecast time increased, inconsistent results were obtained for the scores assessing the reliability of ensemble prediction. The overall performance of ensemble prediction in terms of accuracy, resolution, and reliability increased slightly with ensemble size, especially for longer forecast times.     

淄博洪山—寨里煤矿地下水串层污染治理区水化学和硫同位素特征

在明确淄博洪山—寨里煤矿地下水串层污染治理区内水文地质状况、地下水流场特征等基础上,通过对矿井水、采空区水、矿排水、奥灰水、雨水、地表水的取样分析,掌握治理区的地下水水化学、硫同位素特征。选择接受大气降雨补给的区域、煤矿水聚集区、奥灰水聚集区以及奥灰水与煤矿水交叉混合区,分区对地下水水质现状及煤矿水和奥灰水之间水力联系情况进行分析判断。通过对比分析治理前后研究区水质情况,发现治理后奥灰水仍呈现高${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-}$浓度、高硬度、高TDS特征,且硫酸盐主要来源于煤矿水,治理后洪山、寨里煤矿地下水串层通道依然存在,串层污染情况持续进行,且污染较治理前有加重趋势。则今后治理工作应进一步查清、控制导水通道,控制矿坑水水位,避免其污染奥灰水。     

应用~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年技术研究清原花岗岩-绿岩地体的形成时代

辽宁清原绿岩地层自下而上分为榆树底组、红透山组和南天门组。小莱河铁矿区榆树底组斜长角闪岩岩石化学性质和稀土元素分布曲线表明,该岩石的原岩属太古代亏损型(DAT)拉斑玄武岩。此斜长角闪岩中的角闪石的两个~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄谱给出该岩石的变质作用发生在29.9亿年。清原绿岩地层形成时代可能在30亿年或稍早一些。全球范围绿岩地层的年龄是35—19亿年,峰值是27亿年.清原绿岩地层的早期形成年龄则大于全球绿岩的峰值年龄。     

迁安紫苏花岗岩的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄谱

对采自河北省迁安县水厂地区的紫苏花岗岩中的黑云母和紫苏辉石进行了~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄测定,分别给出了18.7亿年和19.6亿年的~(40)Ar保存年龄。这两种矿物的年龄谱的视年龄的梯度变化表明,紫苏花岗岩形成后是缓慢冷却的。3.9亿年左右的一次热事件,造成了放射成因~(40)Ar的丢失。根据热历史和封闭温度的研究,从27亿年(侵入到该区紫花岗岩中的花岗闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄)到19.6亿年,紫苏花岗岩岩体的抬升速率为6.5m/Ma,但从19.6亿年到18.7亿年,其抬升速率高达111m/Ma,具有明显的构造抬升作用。