THERMAL FORCING IMPACTS OF THE EASTERLY VORTEX ON THE EAST-WEST SHIFT OF THE SUBTROPICAL ANTICYCLONE OVER WESTERN PACIFIC OCEAN

By employing the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data sets(1 000 to 10 hPa,2.5°× 2.5°),the thermal forcing impacts are analyzed of an easterly vortex(shortened as EV) over the tropical upper troposphere on the quasi-horizontal movement of the Western Pacific Subtropical Anticyclone(shortened as WPS A) during 22-25 June 2003.The relevant mechanisms are discussed as well.It is shown that the distribution and intensity of the non-adiabatic effect near the EV result in the anomalous eastward retreat of the WPSA.The WPSA prefers extending to the colder region,i.e.,it moves toward the region in which the non-adiabatic heating is weakening or the cooling is strengthening.During the WPSA retreat,the apparent changes of non-adiabatic heating illustrate the characteristics of enhanced cooling in the east side of the EV.Meanwhile,the cooling in the west side exhibits a weakened eastward trend,most prominently at 300 hPa in the troposphere.The evidence on the factors causing the change in thermal condition is found:the most important contribution to the heating-rate trend is the vertical transport term,followed in turn by the local change in the heating rate term and the horizontal advection term.As a result,the atmospheric non-adiabatic heating generated by the vertical transport and local change discussed above is mainly connected to the retreat of the WPSA.     

辽宁雾预报区的划分初探

分析了1997—2006年辽宁境内能见度小于1000 m雾的时空分布特征。结果表明：就雾发生的频率而言,辽宁存在两个高值区和两个低值区,高值区分别位于黄海北部沿岸至辽宁东部山区和锦州北部至阜新一带,低值区分别位于辽宁中北部平原以及朝阳地区。从雾的日变化上看,近86%的雾出现在夜间,近69%的雾出现在02-08时,且多为辐射雾。地域不同但气候条件相近时,雾的日变化与雾发生的次数存在极其相似的特点。依据相似的地理环境和气候条件、雾的日变化特征以及雾发生次数等,将辽宁划分为5个预报区,对雾采取分区预报,以提高雾预报的准确率。     

一次暴雨过程预报的多模式NWP产品与物理参数的综合分析应用

对照常规天气图实况资料,检验几种常用NWP产品对2008年7月5日山东一次强降水过程的形势场预报和降水预报,并对其物理量场进行诊断分析.结果表明,暴雨落区与诸多物理量场的配置紧密相关;暴雨区出现在低层水汽辐合中心移动路径上,位于与水汽通量散度强辐合中心和强上升运动中心接近处;暴雨区移动方向与水汽通量大值中心、△θse(500-850)负值中心长轴方向一致,水汽通量散度低层辐合、高层辐散两者均满足时有利于强降水发生;200 hPa高空辐散的抽吸作用远比仅有低层辐合更有利于上升运动发展;地面强降水区出现在200 hPa强辐散中心所在处.     

近45 a黑龙江省春季风速变化的区域特征分析

用方差极大正交旋转REOF方法,将经过均一性检验、分布较均匀的黑龙江省1961～2005年25个测站春季风速变化分为5个区,并对各区风速变化特征进行了分析,最后探讨了人类活动对风速变化的可能影响.结果表明:近45 a来,黑龙江省各个区域风速均呈减小趋势,人类活动可能是导致春季风速减小的一个原因.     

Robustness of Precipitation Projections in China:Comparison between CMIP5 and CMIP3 Models

Three sources of uncertainty in model projections of precipitation change in China for the 21st century were separated and quantified: internal variability,inter-model variability,and scenario uncertainty.Simulations from models involved in the third phase and the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP3 and CMIP5) were compared to identify improvements in the robustness of projections from the latest generation of models.No significant differences were found between CMIP3 and CMIP5 in terms of future precipitation projections over China,with the two datasets both showing future increases.The uncertainty can be attributed firstly to internal variability,and then to both inter-model and internal variability.Quantification analysis revealed that the uncertainty in CMIP5 models has increased by about 10%–60% with respect to CMIP3,despite significant improvements in the latest generation of models.The increase is mainly due to the increase of internal variability in the initial decades,and then mainly due to the increase of inter-model variability thereafter,especially by the end of this century.The change in scenario uncertainty shows no major role,but makes a negative contribution to begin with,and then an increase later.     

高校测绘工程专业“测量仪器学”课程的改革与实践

针对测量仪器不断发展和革新的实际情况,总结了近5年来"测量仪器学"课程开设的效果和社会评价。基于测量仪器已全面进入电子智能时代,提出了针对理论和实践两个方面教学内容的改革,改进得到了优化新颖的教学方法,对于课程考核提出了合理的评判方法,并对课程配套相关条件提出了合理的建议,最后对改革后的课程教学效果进行了论述和分析。     

基于地统计学的江西省年降水量插值研究

本文选取江西省86个气象站点2008年的年降水量数据,基于地统计学理论对数据进行探索性空间数据分析,得出该组气象数据插值的理论最优模型。采用不同全局趋势及变差函数模型进行插值,通过交叉性检验证实了该理论模型的有效性。最终结果显示,采用3次函数剔除全局趋势并以球状模型作为变差函数模型的考虑高程的Co-Kriging方法插值结果最优。     

GPS/COMPASS组合变形测量性能分析

GNSS系统的定位精度和可靠性在很大程度上依赖于观测到的卫星数量和几何图形分布.在城市、露天矿区和峡谷等地区,由于可观测卫星数少,单一系统的定位精度往往难以满足要求,GNSS多星座组合是解决问题的一个有效措施.选取雅砻江卡拉电站滑坡监测网中的一个监测点,利用实测的COMPASS星历和GPS卫星星历,从可见卫星数目及GDOP值两个角度,对GPS、COMPASS单星座系统以及其组合系统变形测量性能进行了对比分析.实验表明GPS和COMPASS组合系统能够有效改善变形监测精度.     

基于PixelGrid的标准时点核准影像单景几何纠正方法研究

地理国情普查是国务院部署的重大项目,其中,第一次全国地理国情普查标准时点核准工作于2015年正式启动。面对多源的卫星遥感数据,对于影响因素复杂区域很难实现影像的自动纠正,因而,本文主要介绍了利用PixelGrid软件进行单景影像几何纠正的方法,为其他项目的困难区域影像处理提供参考。     

易门铜矿"镜面对称"成矿及意义

本文在列举了大量地质依据的基础上,论证了易门铜矿区西矿带的矿床（点）分布存在“镜面对称”成矿现象,并讨论了形成这种对称分布的力学机理。这一发现无疑对矿床形成和分布具有重要的理论意义。而且,对本区和类似地区进行成矿预测及矿产勘查具有重要的实际指导意义。