全文获取类型
收费全文 | 549篇 |
免费 | 16篇 |
国内免费 | 10篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 57篇 |
大气科学 | 28篇 |
地球物理 | 115篇 |
地质学 | 162篇 |
海洋学 | 37篇 |
天文学 | 142篇 |
综合类 | 4篇 |
自然地理 | 30篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 4篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2019年 | 3篇 |
2018年 | 19篇 |
2017年 | 23篇 |
2016年 | 20篇 |
2015年 | 13篇 |
2014年 | 22篇 |
2013年 | 28篇 |
2012年 | 21篇 |
2011年 | 29篇 |
2010年 | 27篇 |
2009年 | 35篇 |
2008年 | 18篇 |
2007年 | 23篇 |
2006年 | 33篇 |
2005年 | 19篇 |
2004年 | 18篇 |
2003年 | 12篇 |
2002年 | 17篇 |
2001年 | 14篇 |
2000年 | 14篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 11篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 9篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 4篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
1970年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有575条查询结果,搜索用时 312 毫秒
111.
Comparison of Two Data Smoothing Techniques for Vegetation Spectra Derived From EO-1 Hyperion 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Anshu Miglani Shibendu S. Ray D. P. Vashishta Jai Singh Parihar 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2011,39(4):443-453
Hyperspectral data are generally noisier compared to broadband multispectral data because their narrow bandwidth can only
capture very little energy that may be overcome by the self-generated noise inside the sensors. It is desirable to smoothen
the reflectance spectra. This study was carried out to see the effect of smoothing algorithms - Fast-Fourier Transform (FFT)
and Savitzky–Golay (SG) methods on the statistical properties of the vegetation spectra at varying filter sizes. The data
used in the study is the reflectance spectra data obtained from Hyperion sensor over an agriculturally dominated area in Modipuram
(Uttar Pradesh). The reflectance spectra were extracted for wheat crop at different growth stages. Filter sizes were varied
between 3 and 15 with the increment of 2. Paired t-test was carried out between the original and the smoothed data for all the filter sizes in order to see the extent of distortion
with changing filter sizes. The study showed that in FFT, beyond filter size 11, the number of locations within the spectra
where the smooth spectra were statistically different from its original counterpart increased to 14 and reaches 21 at the
filter size 15. However, in SG method, number of statistically different locations were more than those found in the FFT,
but the number of locations did not changing drastically. The number of statistically disturbed locations in SG method varied
between 16 and 19. The optimum filter size for smoothing the vegetation spectra was found to be 11 in FFT and 9 in SG method. 相似文献
112.
Sushma Panigrahy Shibendu Shankar Ray K. R. Manjunath P. S. Pandey S. K. Sharma Anil Sood Manoj Yadav P. C. Gupta N. Kundu Jai Singh Parihar 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2011,39(3):355-364
Cropping system study is not only useful to understand the overall sustainability of agricultural system, but also it helps
in generating many important parameters which are useful in climate change impact assessment. Considering its importance,
Space Applications Centre, took up a project for mapping and characterizing major cropping systems of Indo-Gangetic Plains
of India. The study area included the five states of Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of India, i.e. Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh,
Bihar and West Bengal. There were two aspects of the study. The first aspect included state and district level cropping system
mapping using multi-date remote sensing (IRS-AWiFS and Radarsat ScanSAR) data. The second part was to characterize the cropping
system using moderate spatial resolution multi-date remote sensing data (SPOT VGT NDVI) and ground survey. The remote sensing
data was used to compute three cropping system performance indices (Multiple Cropping Index, Area Diversity Index and Cultivated
Land Utilization Index). Ground survey was conducted using questionnaires filled up by 1,000 farmers selected from 103 villages
based on the cropping systems map. Apart from ground survey, soil and water sampling and quality analysis were carried out
to understand the effect of different cropping systems and their management practices. The results showed that, rice-wheat
was the major cropping system of the IGP, followed by Rice-Fallow-Fallow and Maize-Wheat. Other major cropping systems of
IGP included Sugarcane based, Pearl millet-Wheat, Rice-Fallow-Rice, Cotton-Wheat. The ground survey could identify 77 cropping
systems, out of which 38 are rice-based systems. Out of these 77 cropping systems, there were 5 single crop systems, occupying
6.5% coverage (of all cropping system area), 56 double crop systems with 72.7% coverage, and 16 triple crop systems with 20.8%
coverage. The cropping system performance analysis showed that the crop diversity was found to be highest in Haryana, while
the cropping intensity was highest in Punjab state. 相似文献
113.
Dhaval Vyas N.S.R. Krishnayya K.R. Manjunath S.S. Ray Sushma Panigrahy 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011
There is an urgent necessity to monitor changes in the natural surface features of earth. Compared to broadband multispectral data, hyperspectral data provides a better option with high spectral resolution. Classification of vegetation with the use of hyperspectral remote sensing generates a classical problem of high dimensional inputs. Complexity gets compounded as we move from airborne hyperspectral to Spaceborne technology. It is unclear how different classification algorithms will perform on a complex scene of tropical forests collected by spaceborne hyperspectral sensor. The present study was carried out to evaluate the performance of three different classifiers (Artificial Neural Network, Spectral Angle Mapper, Support Vector Machine) over highly diverse tropical forest vegetation utilizing hyperspectral (EO-1) data. Appropriate band selection was done by Stepwise Discriminant Analysis. The Stepwise Discriminant Analysis resulted in identifying 22 best bands to discriminate the eight identified tropical vegetation classes. Maximum numbers of bands came from SWIR region. ANN classifier gave highest OAA values of 81% with the help of 22 selected bands from SDA. The image classified with the help SVM showed OAA of 71%, whereas the SAM showed the lowest OAA of 66%. All the three classifiers were also tested to check their efficiency in classifying spectra coming from 165 processed bands. SVM showed highest OAA of 80%. Classified subset images coming from ANN (from 22 bands) and SVM (from 165 bands) are quite similar in showing the distribution of eight vegetation classes. Both the images appeared close to the actual distribution of vegetation seen in the study area. OAA levels obtained in this study by ANN and SVM classifiers identify the suitability of these classifiers for tropical vegetation discrimination. 相似文献
114.
Xavier Collilieux Laurent Métivier Zuheir Altamimi Tonie van Dam Jim Ray 《GPS Solutions》2011,15(3):219-231
The International GNSS Service (IGS) contributes to the construction of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF)
by submitting time series of station positions and Earth Rotation Parameters (ERP). For the first time, its submission to
the ITRF2008 construction is based on a combination of entirely reprocessed GPS solutions delivered by 11 Analysis Centers
(ACs). We analyze the IGS submission and four of the individual AC contributions in terms of the GNSS frame origin and scale,
station position repeatability and time series seasonal variations. We show here that the GPS Terrestrial Reference Frame
(TRF) origin is consistent with Satellite laser Ranging (SLR) at the centimeter level with a drift lower than 1 mm/year. Although
the scale drift compared to Very Long baseline Interferometry (VLBI) and SLR mean scale is smaller than 0.4 mm/year, we think
that it would be premature to use that information in the ITRF scale definition due to its strong dependence on the GPS satellite
and ground antenna phase center variations. The new position time series also show a better repeatability compared to past
IGS combined products and their annual variations are shown to be more consistent with loading models. The comparison of GPS
station positions and velocities to those of VLBI via local ties in co-located sites demonstrates that the IGS reprocessed
solution submitted to the ITRF2008 is more reliable and precise than any of the past submissions. However, we show that some
of the remaining inconsistencies between GPS and VLBI positioning may be caused by uncalibrated GNSS radomes. 相似文献
115.
A first-order seismotectonic model was created for South Africa. This was done using four logical steps: geoscientific data
collection, characterisation, assimilation and zonation. Through the definition of subunits of concentrations of earthquake
foci and large neotectonic and structural domains, seismotectonic structures, systems and domains were created. Relatively
larger controls of seismicity exist between the Great Escarpment and the coast. In the south, this region is characterised
by large aeromagnetic anomalies and large EW trending faults. In the west, it is characterised by the NW–SE trending Wegener
stress anomaly, radial-trending dykes and earthquake clusters. In the east, it is characterised by a large neotectonic domain
where several large historical earthquakes occurred. In the centre of South Africa, several clusters of earthquake activity
are found, often related to mining activity. Further north, seismicity is related to both mining activity and neotectonic
deformation. This work contributes to the development of a seismotectonic model for South Africa by (1) bringing together,
digitally, several data sets in a common GIS platform (geology, geophysics, stress, seismicity, neotectonics, topography,
crustal and mantle structure and anisotropy), (2) understanding the significance of data sets for seismotectonic zonation
and limitations thereof and (3) obtaining a reasonable regional model for use in seismic hazard assessments. 相似文献
116.
Jyotiranjan S. Ray Kanchan Pande Rajneesh Bhutani Anil D. Shukla Vinai K. Rai Alok Kumar Neeraj Awasthi R. S. Smitha Dipak K. Panda 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2013,166(6):1613-1632
The Newania carbonatite complex of India is one of the few dolomite-dominated carbonatites of the world. Intruding into Archean basement gneisses, the rocks of the complex have undergone limited diversification and are not associated with any alkaline silicate rock. Although the magmatic nature of the complex was generally accepted, its age of emplacement had remained equivocal because of the disturbed nature of radioisotope systems. Many questions about the nature of its mantle source and mode of origin had remained unanswered because of lack of geochemical and isotopic data. Here, we present results of our effort to date the complex using 147Sm–143Nd, 207Pb–206Pb and 40Ar–39Ar dating techniques. We also present mineral chemistry, major and trace element geochemistry and Sr–Nd isotopic ratio data for these carbonatites. Our age data reveal that the complex was emplaced at ~1,473 Ma and parts of it were affected by a thermal event at ~904 Ma. The older 207Pb–206Pb ages reported here (~2.4 Ga) and by one earlier study (~2.3 Ga; Schleicher et al. Chem Geol 140:261–273, 1997) are deemed to be a result of heterogeneous incorporation of crustal Pb during the post-emplacement thermal event. The thermal event had little effect on many magmatic signatures of these rocks, such as its dolomite–magnesite–ankerite–Cr-rich magnetite–magnesio-arfvedsonite–pyrochlore assemblage, mantle like δ13C and δ18O and typical carbonatitic trace element patterns. Newania carbonatites show fractional crystallization trend from high-Mg to high-Fe through high-Ca compositions. The least fractionated dolomite carbonatites of the complex possess very high Mg# (≥80) and have similar major element oxide contents as that of primary carbonatite melts experimentally produced from peridotitic sources. In addition, lower rare earth element (and higher Sr) contents than a typical calcio-carbonatite and mantle like Nb/Ta ratios indicate that the primary magma for the complex was a magnesio-carbonatite melt and that it was derived from a carbonate bearing mantle. The Sr–Nd isotopic data suggest that the primary magma originated from a metasomatized lithospheric mantle. Trace element modelling confirms such an inference and suggests that the source was a phlogopite bearing mantle, located within the garnet stability zone. 相似文献
117.
118.
Though several alternatives/modifications to the Piper diagram are available, the Piper diagram is still the most common way of representing chemical analyses. The present note shows how to reproduce the Piper trilinear diagram in rectangular coordinates retaining all the essential features of the trilinear diagram. In this form, it can be generated using commonly used graphics packages without requiring specialized software. A sample data set of six samples from Gurur watershed, Chhattisgarh, India, was used to illustrate the method. The patterns of points produced in the trilinear Piper diagram and the reproduced Piper diagram in rectangular coordinates are essentially identical. 相似文献
119.
Lamellidens marginalis (Molluska Bivalvia Eulamellibranchiata) is an important member of the freshwater ecosystem of India, which is sustained by filtering phytoplankton, bacteria and other particulate organic matter from the available water. Hemocytes, the circulating blood cells of bivalves, function as immunological effector cells under exposure to toxins and/or parasites. The hemocytes of Lamellidens marginalis have been identified morphologically and enumerated as being qualified for use as a biomarker to analyze the threat of freshwater contamination by sublethal concentrations of sodium arsenite, a natural pollutant of freshwater ecosystems. Diverse subpopulations of hemocytes were identified as blast‐like cells, granulocytes, agranulocytes, hyalinocytes and asterocytes. Supression in the total count of hemocytes and blast‐like cells was recorded under the exposure of all the concentrations of sodium arsenite tested. Sodium arsenite elevated the relative density of granulocytes, hyalinocytes, and asterocytes. Partial restoration of the total count of the hemocytes was recorded after the post‐treated animals were maintained in arsenic‐free water for periods of 15 and 30 days. The data predict a shift in the immunological parameters of this bivalve in arsenic contaminated environments. The present study is aimed at quantifying the arsenic induced stress in Lamellidens marginalis and establishing the hemocyte density as a biomarker of aquatic pollution in selected geographical regions of India. 相似文献
120.
Ray von Wandruszka 《Geochemical transactions》2000,1(1):10-6
Humic acids are amphiphilic species whose behavior in aqueous solution suggests that they form pseudomicelles–aggregates akin to the micelles familiar from synthetic surfactant chemistry. It is thought that humic pseudomicelles can be formed by both intramolecular coiling and intermolecular association, depending on the molecular weight, structural characteristics, and polydispersity of the humic acid in question. The process does not feature a critical micelle concentration. Experimental evidence indicates that metal ions enhance the detergent character of dissolved humic acid by facilitating the coiling and folding of the polymer chains. A recently conceived alternative model suggests that humic acids consist of relatively small subunits that associate through weak molecular interactions. This view appears to run counter to certain experimental observations, but deserves careful attention. The strong association between metal ions and solid humic acid makes it possible to use an inexpensive commercial grade for the decontamination of polluted water. A continuous elution process through a column packed with humic acid allows for the removal of both heavy metals and organic xenobiotics from aqueous solution. 相似文献