国产卫星遥感影像多核并行自适应正射纠正方法

<正>射纠正是生成正射影像的关键步骤。随着国产卫星不断发射升空,国产卫星遥感影像的数据量急剧增加,正射纠正的处理速度越来越受到关注。传统的卫星遥感影像正射纠正多采用串行固定分块策略进行纠正,效率较低,单景处理时间长,单位时间内正射纠正的生产达不到要求,而GPU高性能加速对计算机硬件的要求较高,在实际生产中并没有很好地使用。本文在分析正射纠正算法并行性的基础上,提出了多核并行分块自适应正射纠正方法,能够在台式机和普通笔记本上高效计算,极大地提高了正射纠正的效率,获得了一定的加速比,很好地满足了实际生产要求。     

用玻璃质微模型方法肉眼观察气体水合物在合成孔隙介质中的形成和分解

微模型试验可以提供独特的方法直接观察孔隙规模下的气体水合物性质。本文提供了在具有粗颗粒孔隙介质的玻璃质微模型中对水合物形成和分解进行肉眼观察的初步结果。初次试验是用水溶性水合物生成的四氢呋喃（ＴＨＦ）在大气压下进行的。此后 ,先从甲烷的游离气泡中形成了笼状物 ,然后在６．５ＭＰａ（１０００ｐｓｉａ）的压力下从饱含ＣＯ２的水中也形成了笼状物。ＴＨＦ形成了ＩＩ型结构水合物 ,而甲烷和ＣＯ２ 均形成Ｉ型结构水合物（Ｓｌｏａｎ ,１９９８）。关于微模型的粒度指标和相应的沉积类型见表１。表１微模型的指标试验体系模…     

第 396项国际地质对比计划 (IGCP 396)简介

尽管大陆架提供了第四纪海平面变化的直接地质记录 ,但它们在陆—海对比中没有起到主导作用。在深海沉积物对比研究中 ,陆架沉积物调查和它们提供的第四纪海平面变化证据很少引起人们的注意。第３９６项国际地质对比计划（ＩＧＣＰ３９６）是由ＵＮＥＳＣＯ／ＩＵＧＳ投资、始于１９９６年的５年计划 ,其特殊目的是填补我们知识中的这块空白。ＩＧＣＰ３９６的主要目标是研究和解释大陆架第四纪层序 ,以确保海平面和气候变化的全球对比 ,同时寻求有益于人类的东西。其主要研究内容有 :（１）钻探方法 ;（２）陆架过程 ;（３）海平面和气候变…     

甘肃天水黄土梁峁区强震诱发滑坡特征研究

我国黄土梁峁区历史强震频发,地震触发的滑坡等地质灾害是导致震后大量人员伤亡和财产损失的主要因素。1718年甘肃通渭7.5级地震在极震区附近诱发了300多处大规模滑坡,其中在甘谷县磐安镇（原永宁镇）地震使得“北山南移,覆压永宁全镇”,导致3万余人伤亡。以往的研究认为,该类地震滑坡是黄土沿古地形面的滑动,属于黄土滑坡。通过详细野外地质灾害调查,对通渭地震诱发滑坡的分布特征、灾害类型和失稳模式进行了研究;以研究区最大的滑坡——尉家湾巨型地震滑坡为典型案例,结合工程地质钻探,对该滑坡的深部结构特征进行了分析,并对其力学机制进行了探讨。研究发现,该类滑坡的滑动面主要位于下伏新近纪泥岩中,且深度大,属于一类典型的黄土-泥岩复合滑坡;这一新成果和发现能够更好地解译历史文献记载当时的地震滑坡现象。同时,新的成果和认识可以为我国西北黄土梁峁区河谷两岸具有类似地质地貌条件的城镇在强震作用下的地震滑坡早期识别提供参考和启示。     

Avoidance response of sediment living amphipods to zinc pyrithione as a measure of sediment toxicity

An avoidance test was developed using non-cultured individuals of the sediment dwelling amphipod Monoporeia affinis. As test substance we used zinc pyrithione, an antifouling agent and a common shampoo ingredient. The toxicity to Daphnia and fish is well known but sediment toxicity of this very hydrophobic compound is less known. The preference of juvenile M. affinis was tested in jars, each including 12 petri dishes. In each replicate, half of the petri dishes contained sediment mixed with six concentrations ranging from 0 to 10microg zinc pyrithione per L sediment and half of the petri dishes contained the corresponding sediment-substance mixture plus an extra food addition. The amphipods significantly avoided petri dishes with the three highest concentrations of zinc pyrithione and the calculated EC(50) was 9.65microgL(-1) sediment. No difference in mortality was observed between concentrations. Using the avoidance behaviour in sediment toxicity testing is a simple and cost-effective screening for toxicants.     

Method for assessing the chronic toxicity of marine and estuarine sediment-associated contaminants using the amphipod Corophium volutator

Acute sediment toxicity tests do not test key life stage events such as moulting and reproduction and therefore do not reveal the longer-term effects of contaminant exposure. A laboratory method is described for determining the chronic toxicity of contaminants associated with whole sediments. The test is conducted using neonates of the estuarine amphipod Corophium volutator at 15 degrees C, salinity 25 psu and a 12 h light:12 h dark photoperiod. The endpoints are survival and growth after 28 days and survival, growth and reproduction of amphipods upon termination of test i.e. reproduction within all control vessels (ca 75 days). The sediment chronic toxicity test was used to investigate the effects of sediments spiked with environmentally relevant preparations of slightly weathered Alaskan North Slope crude oil, including a water-accommodated-fraction (WAF) and a chemically-dispersed (Corexit 9527) WAF. Sediment oil concentrations were quantified using ultra-violet fluorescence. The amphipods exposed to chemically dispersed oil had higher mortality and lower growth rates than control-, Corexit 9527- and WAF-exposed organisms, resulting in reduced reproduction. The described method supplements the standard acute sediment test and would be particularly useful when long-term ecological effects are suspected but acute tests reveal no significant mortality. The sediment chronic test reported herein has shown that sediment that was not evidently toxic during 10-day acute tests could have population-level effects on sediment-dwelling amphipods.     

纳米比亚陆架沉积物中大硫细菌的致密布居

Ｔｈｉｏｐｌｏｃａ属的丝状聚集硝酸盐的硫细菌在智利和秘鲁海岸形成了湿重达１２０ｇ／ｍ２的广泛分布。与南美大陆架相类似，纳米比亚外陆架具含高浮游生物生产力和缺氧底层水的强上升海流。在沿纳米比亚海岸寻找Ｔｈｉｏｐｌｏｃａ的过程中，我们在１９９７年４月乘Ｒ／ＶＰｅｔｅｒｋｏｔｔｓｏｖ船的一次航行中，从约１００ｍ水深处采集了沉积物样品。Ｔｈｉｏｐｌｏｃａ及与其关系密切的Ｂｅｇｇｉａｔｏａ是存在的，但数量极少。相反，我们发现了以高达４７ｇ／ｍ２生物量出现的先前没有描述过的硫细菌的大量存在。这些大细菌呈串珍…     

围岩塑性松动压力Caquot公式的推广和改进

基于俞茂宏统一强度理论,推导出了塑性松动压力的统一解,可以广泛适用于不同的围岩类型,Caquot(卡柯)公式为其特例。当不同程度地考虑σ2的影响时,可得出一系列的围岩松动压力。     

2008年夏季南黄海叶绿素a垂向分布格局初探

根据2008年8月南黄海海域的温度、盐度、光照和叶绿素a的观测资料,分析了叶绿素a垂向分布特征及其与温度、盐度、光照的关系.结果表明,叶绿素a垂向有1个、2个或多个峰区,按其所在水团和垂向特征可分为10个类型;叶绿素a垂向分布格局与海水层化、光照和营养盐等环境因子有关.