1961-2010年气候变化对天津市采暖期和夏季空调期的影响

根据1961－2010年天津市逐日气象要素,包括平均温度、最高温度、最低温度、相对湿度以及风速,采用统计学方法分析了近50 a天津市的冷暖度日变化以及冬季采暖期和夏季空调期的气候变化特征,探讨了冷暖度日、舒适日数与区域气候变化之间的关系。结果表明：近50 a天津市冷暖度日具有相反的变化趋势,暖度日（HDD）显著下降、冷度日（CDD）显著上升,且暖度日的变化幅度大于冷度日,变化主要集中于80年代之后。冷暖度日与极端温度之间具有显著相关性。采暖期低温日数呈下降趋势、空调期高温日数呈上升趋势。采暖期冷不舒适日数呈显著下降趋势,夏季空调期热不舒适日数呈显著上升趋势,与同期平均气温之间存在显著性相关,且不舒适气候的随机性呈增多趋势。说明在气候变暖背景下,区域气候变化对天津市采暖期和夏季空调期具有重要影响。     

ON REGIONAL DIFFERENTIATION OF RIVER WATER ENVIRONMENT CAPACITY AND STRATEGIES TO CONTROL WATER ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION IN CHINA

ＯＮＲＥＧＩＯＮＡＬＤＩＦＦＥＲＥＮＴＩＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＲＩＶＥＲＷＡＴＥＲＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＣＡＰＡＣＩＴＹＡＮＤＳＴＲＡＴＥＧＩＥＳＴＯＣＯＮＴＲＯＬＷＡＴＥＲＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＰＯＬＬＵＴＩＯＮＩＮＣＨＩＮＡ￥ＷａｎｇＨｕａｄｏｎｇ（王华...     

The changes of three components in coelomic fluid of Urechis unicinctus exposed to different concentrations of sulfide

The changes in heme （associated with hemoglobin）, hemoglobin and hematin in the coelomic fluid of marine worm, Urechis unicinctus, exposed to different concentrations of sulfide, were investigated using biochemical techniques. When exposed to different sulfide concentrations for up to 96 h, the relative amounts of the three components changed in a regular pattern suggesting that the coelomocytes play an important role in the worm＇s tolerance to sulfide. The possible roles of heme compounds in sulfide tolerance of this species are discussed on the basis of our experimental data.     

The iron Kα lines as a tool for magnetic field estimations in non-flat accretion flows

Observations of AGNs and microquasars by ASCA, RXTE, Chandra and XMM-Newton indicate the existence of broad X-ray emission lines of ionized heavy elements in their spectra. Such spectral lines were discovered also in X-ray spectra of neutron stars and X-ray afterglows of GRBs. Recently, Zakharov et al. [MNRAS 342 (2003) 1325] described a procedure to estimate an upper limit of the magnetic fields in regions from which X-ray photons are emitted. The authors simulated typical profiles of the iron Kα line in the presence of magnetic field and compared them with observational data in the framework of the widely accepted accretion disk model. Here we further consider typical Zeeman splitting in the framework of a model of non-flat accretion flows, which is a generalization of previous consideration into non-equatorial plane motion of particles emitting X-ray photons. Using perspective facilities of space borne instruments (e.g., Constellation-X mission) a better resolution of the blue peak structure of iron Kα line will allow to evaluate the magnetic fields with higher accuracy.     

Rehabilitation and Sustainable Use Pattern of Rocky-desertified Land in Southwest China＇s Poverty-stricken Karst Mountainous Areas ——A Case Study in Benggu Township, Xichou County, Yunnan, China

The rocky desert in a karst area directly causes the lack of soil, water and forest, hence leading to the poverty there. In 1990, the villagers from the Muzhe Village in Benggu Township, Xichou County, Yunnan declared a war against rocky desert in an attempt to ask the fields for more yields. They invented a distinctive land rehabilitation and sustainable use pattern called ＂transforming heaven and earth＂ that had been practiced in Southwest China＇s karst areas. The key mechanism of the pattern was to develop terraced fields with well conserved soil, water and fertility by exploding rocks in the fields, building stone walls, gathering more soil, and improving soil quality and productivity for the fields in combination with building of irrigation facilities and roads, as well as with forestation and agriculture structure adjustment. The purpose of the pattern was to alleviate poverty in the karst areas by improving soil productivity and promoting agricultural development. A typical area was studied with the help of Participatory Rural Appraisal （PRA） and the pattern was carried out there for fifteen years, have produced excellent ecological benefits and good economic benefits. Its application in the area approved that it was a sustainable land use pattern for rocky desert areas.     

ANALYSIS OF SURFACE SINK OF EXPLORATION VACANCY IN GOLD MINING AREA OF ZHAOYUAN CTIY BASED ON RS AND GIS

1 IN T R O D U C T IO NZhaoyuan C ity, located in northeast of ShandongProvince,iscalled "G old C ity"and itisone ofim portantgold production bases in C hina.The exploitation ofthegold broughtoutthe extensive vacantareas,leading tolarge-scale ground subsi…     

1–100 μm energy spectra and 2.3–4 μm spectrophotometry of MSC stars

The JHKL' photometry and 2.3–4 μm spectrophotometry of some M giants, S type stars and carbon stars are presented in this paper. It is found that in combination with IRAS data, the energy spectra in 1–100 μm of S type stars are intermediate between those of M giants and carbon stars, which are obviously different. The spectrophotometry in the near infrared shows that, besides carbon stars, which have HCN and C₂H₂ strong absorptions at 3.1 μm, some S type stars have the similar but weaker absorption in the same spectral region. However, no trace of any absorption at 3.1 μm can be seen in M giants. These results probably provide more evidence for the M-S-C sequence in the late stage of stellar evolution.     

Projected star density surrounding a black hole in a star cluster

We discuss, on the basis of general relativity, the density distribution of stars around a black hole at the centre of a globular cluster. We show that the radial density profile depends on the ratio of specific heats γ and the results by Peebles and by Bahcall and Wolf are particular cases with γ 4/3. We give also the projected density profiles, obtained by numerical integration, for ready comparison with observations.     

Study on the relationship between speciation of heavy metals and their ecotoxicity

Heavy metal is a main pollutant in the marine ecosystem, so study on the effect of heavy metal on phytoplankton is important. Algae (Chaetoceros sp.,Dunaliella sp.,Dicrateria zhanjiangenis Hu. var. sp.) were laboratory cultured to observe the effect of heavy metals on their growth. The effect of different metal ion concentration, the detoxication effect of complexation agents and the growth of algae in different media and different nutrition levels were studied to evaluate the effect of metal speciation. It is proved that trace amount of heavy metals can stimulate the growth of algae cells but that high concentration is lethal. The sequence of toxicity is Cd²⁺>Zn²⁺>Pb²⁺. In ordinary nutrition conditions, the detoxication sequence of complexation agents toChaetoceros sp. is EDTA >sodium salicylate>sodium oxalate >sodium citrate>sulfanilic acid>O-phenanthroline. This is in good conformity with the stability constant sequence of these agents with copper and good evidence that toxicity of metal ion is related to its activity and not to its total concentration. Project supported by the Fund of Excellent Young Teachers of State Educational Commission of China.     

Wind tunnel simulation experiment and investigation on the electrification of sandstorms

~~Wind tunnel simulation experiment and investigation on the electrification of sandstorms~~