Pattern of abrupt climatic fluctuation in the East Asian Monsoon during the Last Glacial: Evidence from Chinese loess records

Records of two loess sections located in mid-eastern and western margins of the East Asian Monsoon area captured 20 Dansgaard-Oescher events and six Heinrich events. All these suggested that the climate in the East Asian Monsoon area fluctuated rapidly on millennial to century timescales during the whole Last Glacial. We found that these loess-based events of rapid climate fluctuations were generally synchronous with those of GRIP records, but that there were differences between the Shagou loess section in the west and the Wangguan loess section in the east: the former was more sensitive to climate change than the latter. Compared with earlier studies on loess records covering the Last Glacial from neighboring areas, we discovered that the magnitude of Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles decreased gradually from west to east and we suggest that it resulted from the combined effect of the Westerlies and the East Asian Monsoon.     

生态城市建设土地利用评价——以扬州市为例

本文从土地资源禀赋、土地利用效益、土地保护水平三个方面,初步建立了生态城市建设土地利用评价指标体系,并以扬州市为研究案例,得出扬州市2000～2008年的土地利用与保护综合水平。研究结果表明:2000年,扬州市土地利用与保护综合评价分值为52.9,处于生态恢复阶段中的治理小于破坏阶段;自2000～2008年扬州市土地利用与保护综合水平随时间呈递增趋势,特别是2004年以来递增速度明显加快,到2008年扬州市土地利用与保护综合分值为74.7,处于生态恢复阶段的末期,即将跨入生态保育阶段。最后,根据评价结论,提出了今后一段时期扬州生态城市建设土地利用与保护的建议。     

FIO-ESM v2.0 CORE2-forced experiment for the CMIP6 Ocean Model Intercomparison Project

We introduced the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) Ocean Model Intercomparison Project CORE2-forced (OMIP-1) experiment by using the First Institute of Oceanography Earth System Model version 2.0 (FIO-ESM v2.0), and comprehensively evaluated the simulation results. Unlike other OMIP models, FIO-ESM v2.0 includes a coupled ocean surface wave component model that takes into account non-breaking surface wave-induced vertical mixing in the ocean and effect of surface wave Stokes drift on air-sea momentum and heat fluxes in the climate system. A sub-layer sea surface temperature (SST) diurnal cycle parameterization was also employed to take into account effect of SST diurnal cycle on air-sea heat ?uxes to improve simulations of air-sea interactions. Evaluations show that mean values and long-term trends of significant wave height were adequately reproduced in the FIO-ESM v2.0 OMIP-1 simulations, and there is a reasonable fit between the SST diurnal cycle obtained from in situ observations and that parameterized by FIO-ESM v2.0. Evaluations of model drift, temperature, salinity, mixed layer depth, and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation show that the model performs well in the FIO-ESM v2.0 OMIP-1 simulation. However, the summer sea ice extent of the Arctic and Antarctic is underestimated.     

横带髭鲷(Hapalogenys mucronatus)仔鱼饥饿不可逆点及摄食生长特性研究

横带髭鲷(Hapalogenys mucronatus)为我国东南沿海具有良好发展前景的养殖鱼类,目前亟待突破其规模化苗种培育的瓶颈技术问题。为探究横带髭鲷仔鱼发育阶段的摄食和生长特性,采用实验生态学方法,在水温(24±0.2)℃、盐度为26的条件下对饥饿仔鱼形态发育、生长、不可逆点及投喂状态下的摄食节律进行研究。结果表明,孵化出膜后的初孵仔鱼,3日龄开口摄食,进入混合营养期,3日龄卵黄囊消耗完毕,油球于8日龄消耗完全,混合营养期为5d。饥饿组仔鱼全长呈先增长后下降趋势,拐点出现在3日龄,在4日龄有畸形仔鱼出现。饥饿仔鱼初次摄食率为10.12%,最高初次摄食率出现在7日龄,为85.06%;PNR出现在7日龄和8日龄之间,至9日龄全部死亡。早期仔鱼(7日龄)的摄食高峰出现在7:00、11:00和15:00,晚期仔鱼(14日龄)在7:00、11:00、15:00和19:00四个时间段,摄食高峰均出现在白天,属于典型的白天摄食类型,随着仔鱼的生长发育,摄食高峰有所延长。横带髭鲷仔鱼最佳开口摄食时间在3日龄,掌握仔鱼的摄食高峰期,在此时间段驯化配合饲料,对于活体饵料向配合饲料的驯食转化具有重要实践意义。     

砾石堤坝和多孔方型鱼礁消浪护滩的试验研究——以北戴河西海滩为例

本文通过物理模型试验,研究了砾石堤坝、多孔方型鱼礁、堤坝+鱼礁等不同防护措施对岸滩的保护作用。通过测量不同防护措施的波浪透射系数、输沙率、水下坡度角及床面地形变化,并与无防护措施的工况进行对比,结果发现：不同试验条件下堤坝+鱼礁工况的透射系数仅为0.21～0.36,对波浪具有显著的消减作用;同一水位不同防护措施下的输沙率由大变小依次为：堤坝、堤坝+鱼礁、无工程、鱼礁;堤坝迎浪面的水下坡度角随极限波高呈现先增大、后减小的趋势,堤坝工况的水下坡度角约是堤坝+鱼礁工况的2～4倍;对于近岸的地形恢复,堤坝+鱼礁工况的效果比较明显,且对岸滩附近的侵蚀较少。堤坝+鱼礁的防护措施可明显减小波浪的透射系数,增加向岸输沙率,对恢复近岸地形、保护岸滩有显著作用。     

海洋透光率仪的设计及其在初级生产力研究中的应用*

海洋浮游植物光合作用固碳在全球碳循环中扮演着极为重要的角色, 获取不同光衰减对应的海水深度, 对于采集水样用于海洋初级生产力的研究具有重要意义。本研究于国际上首次开发了无缆便携式海洋透光率仪, 特殊的光学结构设计和光谱滤光技术使得光谱响应在波段400~700nm范围内超过了同类海洋传感器, 特定光衰减下对应的深度误差小于0.5m。将本设备应用于南海中尺度涡旋初级生产力的研究中, 在采样率和自动化方面验证了仪器的便携性; 通过对涡旋中初级生产力的空间分布规律进行分析, 检验了仪器数据结果的可靠性。海洋透光率仪在价格、准确性、可靠度和操作的便携性上具有不可比拟的优势, 将在未来海洋生态环境的研究中发挥重要作用。     

黄山风景区旅游废弃物生态足迹历时性分析

历时性旅游废弃物演化规律及生态影响研究是制定旅游地可持续发展战略的基础性工作。以生态足迹理论为基础,利用1979—2018年相关统计资料与团队实地调研数据,对黄山风景区旅游废弃物生态足迹的长时间序列动态变化进行特征研究。结果表明（：1）黄山风景区旅游废弃物生态足迹演变具有明显的阶段性特征,共分为1979—1987年持续上升、1988—1996年小范围浮动式下降、1997—2005年剧烈振荡以及2006—2018年趋于稳定四个阶段。（2）黄山风景区旅游废弃物生态足迹的来源及构成占比随着当地垃圾处理方式及污染防治措施的变化而变化。其中,固体垃圾的足迹占比最多且达到52.18%～97.99%,并从显性与隐性两方面对当地生态环境产生影响。（3）随着黄山风景区旅游经济增长,区域资源利用效益持续升高,环境质量稳定改善,始终处于可持续发展状态。（4）黄山风景区的实践表明成熟的环境管理体制和不断改进的卫生治理措施可将旅游废弃物造成的生态影响控制在一定范围之内,从而为其他山岳型景区可持续发展提供有益参考。     

基于残差神经网络改进的密集人群计数方法

为避免密集人群踩踏事件发生,从监控图像中准确获取密集人群人数信息非常重要。针对密集人群计数难度大、人群目标小、场景尺度变化大等特点,本文提出一种新型神经网络结构VGG-ResNeXt。本网络使用VGG-16的前10层作粗粒度特征提取器,使用改进的残差神经网络作为细粒度特征提取器。利用改进的残差神经网络“多通道,共激活”的特点,使得单列式人群计数神经网络获得了多列式人群计数网络的优点（即从小目标、多尺度的密集人群图像中提取更多人群特征）,同时避免了多列式人群计数网络训练难度大、结构冗余等缺点。实验结果表明本模型在UCF-CC-50数据集、ShangHaiTech B数据集和UCF-QNRF数据集中取得了最高精度,MAE指标分别优于其他同期模型7.5%、18.8%和2.4%,证明了本模型的在计数精度方面的有效性。本研究成果可以有效帮助城市管理,有效缓解公安疏导压力,保障人民生命财产安全。     

Effects of Pseudoalteromonas sp. BC228 on digestive enzyme activity and immune response of juvenile sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus)

A marine bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas sp. BC228 was supplemented to feed in a feeding experiment aiming to determine its ability of enhancing the digestive enzyme activity and immune response of juvenile Apostichopus japonicus. Sea cucumber individuals were fed with the diets containing 0(control), 105, 107 and 109 CFU g-1 diet of BC228 for 45 days. Results showed that intestinal trypsin and lipase activities were significantly enhanced by 107 and 109 CFU g-1 diet of BC228 in comparison with control(P 0.01). The phagocytic activity in the coelomocytes of sea cucumber fed the diet supplemented with 107 CFU g-1 diet of BC228 was significantly higher than that of those fed control diet(P 0.05). In addition, 105 and 107 CFU g-1 diet of BC228 significantly enhanced lysozyme and phenoloxidase activities in the coelomic fluid of sea cucumber, respectively, in comparison with other diets(P 0.01). Sea cucumbers, 10 each diet, were challenged with Vibrio splendidus NB13 after 45 days of feeding. It was found that the cumulative incidence and mortality of sea cucumber fed with BC228 containing diets were lower than those of animals fed control diet. Our findings evidenced that BC228 supplemented in diets improved the digestive enzyme activity of juvenile sea cucumber, stimulated its immune response and enhanced its resistance to the infection of V. splendidus.