Spermatozoid life-span of two brown seaweeds, Saccharina japonica and Undaria pinnatifida, as measured by fertilization efficiency

During sexual reproduction of seaweeds, spermatozoid (sperm) discharge is triggered by chemical messengers (pheromones) released by the female gametes. The chemotactic ability of the sperm ensures fertilization success. Using unialgal male and female gametophyte material under designated standard gametogenesis testing (SGT) conditions, the potential life-span of the sperm of two seaweeds, Saccharina japonica and Undaria pinnatifida, was assessed by their ability to fertilize eggs. Results show that within 20-30 min after being discharged, sperm of both species could complete fertilization without an apparent decline in fertilization rate. Although fertilization rate 60–120 min after sperm discharge dropped significantly in both species, some sperm were viable enough to fertilize the eggs. In S. japonica, at 12°C, some sperm were able to fertilize eggs up to 12 h after discharge. In both species, egg discharge rates (EDR) in the male and female mixed positive controls were significantly higher than those of all the sperm-testing groups. Doubling the seeded male gametophytes of S. japonica in the SGT tests significantly increased the EDR, further confirming the effect of the presence of the male on the female in terms of facilitating egg discharge from oogonia.     

Accumulation model and prediction of Miocene heavy oil distribution in Gulf of Suez Basin,Egypt

The Gulf of Suez Basin is a very mature and extremely prospective petroleum province.Many heavy oil fields have been found in the Basin, and such reserves are abundant.Characteristics and models of heavy oil are analyzed in this study based on tectonic, basin evolution, stratigraphic distribution and geochemical data. The best reservoirs of heavy oil are Miocene sandstone and limestone formations.Source rocks of hydrocarbon include deep limestone and shale of the Brown Limestone, the Thebes Formation and the Rudeis Formation. Thick evaporite rocks with rock salts and anhydrites deposited broadly throughout the basin are the most impor-tant regional seals, whereas Miocene shales are intraformational and regional seals that cover small areas.Heavy oil could be directly generated or densified during vertical migration along faults and reservoir accumulation. The heavy oil accumulation model is a mixed model that includes three mechanisms:fault dispersal, sulfocom-pound reactions and hydrocarbons generated from immature source rock.After analyzing the model and the dis-tribution of source rocks, reservoirs, heavy oil fields and structures, it is concluded that the potential heavy oil area is at the center of the basin.     

Periodic exposure to ambient solar irradiance benefits the growth of juvenile seedlings of Hizikia fusiformis

In our trials, from 2007 to 2008, of mass production of seedlings of Hizikia fusiformis using synchronization techniques, problems of a dark thalli phenomenon and epiphytes contamination severely threatened the health of juvenile seedlings. In this investigation, we optimized conditions for improving the growth of juvenile seedlings. Seven string collectors were seeded with zygotes and a series of experiments were conducted including direct exposure to solar irradiance, co-culture with Ulva spp. and treatme...     

沂源鲁村煤矿千米混合立井围岩稳定性分析与施工措施

基于沂源鲁村煤矿围岩稳定性差,塑性变形量大的实际情况,采用弹塑性力学分析的方法,分析了鲁村煤矿千米混合立井岩石开挖后围岩应力重新分布情况和塑性变形,进而确定是否采用临时支护措施,以确保施工安全。研究表明鲁村煤矿混合井围岩掘进深度大于780 m时,围岩变得不稳定,需要施加锚喷临时支护,同时增加井筒掘进荒断面,预留围岩变形空间。     

山东莱芜九龙山寒武纪张夏组核形石灰岩分类及沉积环境探讨

核形石灰岩作为微生物岩的一种重要类型,长期受到地质学家的广泛关注;近年来,随着研究的不断深入,有关核形石灰岩分类、沉积环境等的探讨再次成为沉积学研究的热点。通过野外观察描述与室内镜下分析相结合,对山东莱芜九龙山寒武纪张夏组产出的核形石灰岩进行系统研究。根据核形石灰岩的宏观特征、共生组分及其含量等特征,将该地区产出的含核形石的灰岩分为:生屑质核形石灰岩、含生屑核形石灰岩、含核形石生屑灰岩与含核形石鲕粒灰岩4类,同时对4种含核形石灰岩的沉积环境进行系统分析,主要为潮下低能带与潮下高能带,并简要分析了该地区核形石灰岩的形成过程。     

煤炭产业经济走势及煤炭企业对策研究

煤基固体废弃物的清洁利用是矿区生态建设亟待解决的问题,重金属的结构形态是煤基固废清洁利用的关键。以安徽淮南矿区潘一矿煤矸石、粉煤灰为研究对象,利用XRF、XRD、SEM和FTIR等微区方法对煤基固废进行表征分析,探讨其精细化学结构及重金属嵌布方式,并结合RAC(Risk Assessment Code)生态风险评价对重金属潜在风险进行评估。结果表明,煤矸石主要粒径以黏粒(0~5 μm)和粗粉砂(10~50 μm)为主,粒度不规则,空间分布间距较大,主要矿物为石英(SiO₂),IR谱线辅助验证了AlO₄和SiO₄的弯曲振动。粉煤灰粒径以粗粉砂(10~50 μm)和砂砾石(50~250 μm)为主,表面以球状包裹体和多孔颗粒组成,粒径大小不一,主要矿物相是莫来石(Al₆Si₂O₁₃),IR谱线发现其存在有机硅Si-O-Si对称伸缩和反对称伸缩。煤矸石中Ni、Pb以有机结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态为主,Cr、Cd、As的赋存形态主要是残渣态;粉煤灰中As主要以残渣态和有机结合态存在,其余重金属元素均以残渣态存在。RAC生态风险评价结果表明,煤矸石和粉煤灰中Cr、As属于低风险水平,其余重金属均无风险。研究结果对煤基固废资源化利用及矿区生态环境保护具有重要的现实意义。

     

Baytap-G潮汐分析辅助软件的设计与实现

基于C#.NET程序语言开发了一套可视化Baytap-G潮汐分析辅助软件,实现了参数、水位、气压等数据格式的自动转换与填充,潮汐参数等结果的提取、保存及绘制等。     

黄河三角洲沉积物超固结特征及其成因

以室内固结试验为基础,从含水量、孔隙比、粒度成分、前期固结压力等方面对黄河三角洲沉积物的固结状态进行了研究,发现黄河三角洲地区沉积物垂向上呈现超固结-正常固结-欠固结的趋势,6 m以上沉积物处于超固结状态,这是土体粒度成分和沉积环境的影响等因素共同作用形成的。土体胶结方式的不同和波浪等动力因素的影响深度的不同决定了超固结特征沿深度非均匀化。     

5种中草药对美国红鱼生长和免疫机能的影响

用分别含连翘(Forsythia suspensa)、猪苓(Polyporus umbellatus)、黄芩(Radix scutellariae)、茯苓(Poria cocos)和黄连(Coptis chinensis)水提取物的配合饵料饲喂美国红鱼(Sciaenops ocellatus),研究其对美国红鱼(Sciaenops ocellatus)生长和免疫机能的影响.结果表明,投喂含有黄芩和茯苓的药饵可使美国红鱼的体长增长率和相对增质量率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);投喂5种含中草药的药饵后,美国红鱼血液白细胞的吞噬活性有明显提高,投药后3 d,除茯苓组外,其余各组吞噬百分比(PP)与对照组之间均差异极显著(P<0.01);在投药后3 d或投药后7 d,连翘、黄芩和黄连组的吞噬指数(PI)与对照组相比有显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)差异.在停投药饵后7 d,除茯苓组外,其余各组PP、PI与对照组相比仍有显著差异(P<0.05).同时,美国红鱼血清溶菌酶活性也有显著提高,投药后7 d,溶菌酶活性与对照组之间差异极显著(P<0.01),但在停投药饵后7 d,溶菌酶活性与对照组之间无显著差异(P>0.05);投药28 d后,利用哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)人工感染美国红鱼,黄芩组的相对免疫保护率最高,达88.9%,连翘组次之,茯苓组最低.