Shock wave propagation in non-ideal fluids

Expressions for the variation of shock strength and its propagation in non-ideal fluids are presented by using the method developed by Whitham. The effects of the presence of rotation, rotation and magnetic field on the strength and propagation velocity of shock waves have been discussed separately. Finally, the effects of the presence of gravitation on the shock strength and on propagation velocity have been studied.     

Global Dynamic Model of Critical Frequency of the Ionospheric F2 Layer

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - A global dynamic model of the F2 layer of the ionosphere GDMF2 is designed to calculate foF2 in both quiet and geomagnetically disturbed conditions. The term...     

Ancient volcanic glasses of the Urals

The existing data on findings of unaltered volcanic glasses in the Paleozoic (from Late Ordovician to Late Devonian inclusive) volcanic strata of the Ural fold belt are systematized. These glasses have compositions that correspond to tholeiitic basalts, potassic alkaline basaltoids, andesites, and rhyolites. Relic portions of glasses of cenotypal appearance are preserved in thick glassy crusts of pillow lava flows, in fragments among hyaloclastites, in bombs from tuffs, and in extrusive bodies and dykes. Chemical analysis showed that the amount of dissolved water was low (1–1.3 wt %) in the primary tholeiitic magma and higher (8–10 wt %) in the magma that formed island-arc hyalobasalts, potassic alkaline basaltoids, andesites and rhyolites.     

Influence of North Atlantic Oscillation on Moscow Climate Continentality

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - The natural variability of regional climatic conditions poses certain difficulties in detecting global climate change at a local scale. The question...     

Interaction of internal waves with a horizontally inhomogeneous density field area overlying a ridge

In the context of the general linear theory, we consider the propagation of an internal tide across a frontal zone overyling an oceanic ridge. For a uniformly stratified ocean, the solution was derived using Riemann's technique. The dependences of the generated internal wave amplitudes on the stratification parameters and bottom topography were determined. We have found that wave disturbances of high intensity inside and in the neighbourhood of the ridge may be concentrated in raytype areas. An increase of the horizontal density gradient in the frontal zone results in a perceptible deformation of these areas.Translated by Vladimir A. Puchkin.     

Atmospheric temperature sounding with the Fourier spectrometer

Preliminary results of a space experiment using the IKFS-2 infrared sounder (Meteor-M2 satellite) showed high-quality of measurements of spectra of the outgoing thermal radiation of the atmosphere–surface system and the adequacy of developed IR radiation atmospheric models in the 15-μm carbon gas absorption band used to recover the vertical profiles of the atmospheric temperature. Outgoing radiation spectra measured by IKFS-2 instruments make it possible to restore vertical temperature profiles with errors close to 1K in most of the 0–30 km high-altitude region, except for the lower troposphere and altitudes above 30 km, where these errors are close to 2–3K.     

The stable aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist potency of United Kingdom Continental Shelf (UKCS) offshore produced water effluents

The in vitro aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist potency of offshore produced water effluents, collected from the United Kingdom Continental Shelf, was determined using the dioxin responsive (DR)-chemically activated luciferase expression (CALUX) assay. Octadecylsilane (C18) solid phase extraction (SPE) extracts of produced water were exposed to DR-CALUX cells for 24 h in order to investigate the contribution in potency from compounds that are stable to metabolism by the CALUX cells during exposure. The stable AhR agonist potency determined over 24 h was highly variable and ranged from 1 to 430 ng TCDD TEQ_CALUX l⁻¹. These data reflect the highly variable composition of produced water discharges from different production fields. It is recommended that further work be performed to characterise the full range of stable dioxin like AhR agonists present in offshore produced water discharges using techniques such as bioassay-directed analysis.     

Cosmogenic and bomb-produced7Be in stratospheric air

Concentration of⁷Be has been measured in 15 air filters flown at 18·3 km in the latitudes 10 to 25°N and longitudes 80 to 96°W. Testing of nuclear weapons in atmosphere increased⁷Be considerably, on two occasions, above the expected cosmic-ray production level in the stratosphere. This provides evidence for the existence of interhemispheric mixing,via stratosphere.