全球海洋变化研究(IMAGES)动态

IMAGES (International Marine Global Change Study)项目现在有24个成员国：澳大利亚、加拿大、丹麦、法国、德国、冰岛、印度、印度尼西亚、日本、墨西哥、荷兰、新西兰、挪威、葡萄牙、俄罗斯、南非、西班牙、瑞典、瑞士、中国台湾、突尼斯、英国和美国。IMAGES办公室于去年迁往德国的Kiel大学，由Michael Sarnthein任办公室主任，Ann Holbourn任副主任，Stefan Rothe负责数据管理。 IMAGES的任务是利用海洋沉积记录研究几十年至几千年的气候变化机制和结果，并且计划和协调大洋钻探航次（取巨大沉积物岩心）以及资助学习班…     

美国外陆架区油气资源评价报告

美国外陆架区油气资源评价报告美国内务部矿物管理局在对该国滨外未勘探的原油和天然气气资源进行了数年研究、分析之后，于１９９６年６月发表了一题为“国家外陆架未勘探油气潜力评价”的报告，对美国外陆架的可开采油气资源作了鉴别和分析，并对过去１４年的两项全国性...     

Impacts of stormwater discharges on the nearshore benthic environment of Santa Monica Bay

Although large loads of potentially toxic constituents are discharged from coastal urban watersheds, very little is known about the fates and eventual impacts of these stormwater inputs once they enter the ocean. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of stormwater discharges on the benthic marine environment of Santa Monica Bay. Sediment samples were collected across a gradient of stormwater impact following significantly sized storm events offshore Ballona Creek (a predominantly developed watershed) and Malibu Creek (a predominantly undeveloped watershed). Sediments offshore Malibu Creek had a greater proportion of fine-grained sediments, organic carbon, and naturally occurring metals (i.e., aluminum and iron), whereas sediments offshore Ballona Creek had higher concentrations of anthropogenic metals (i.e., lead) and organic pollutants (i.e., total DDT, total PCB, total PAH). The accumulation of anthropogenic sediment contaminants offshore Ballona Creek was evident up to 2 km downcoast and 4 km upcoast from the creek mouth and sediment concentrations covaried with distance from the discharge. Although changes in sediment texture, organic content, and an increase in sediment contamination were observed, there was little or no alteration to the benthic communities offshore either Ballona or Malibu Creek. Both sites were characterized as having an abundance, species richness, biodiversity and benthic response index similar to shallow water areas distant from creek mouths throughout the Southern California Bight. There was not a preponderance of pollution tolerant, nor a lack or pollution sensitive, species offshore either creek mouth.     

印度东部沿岸克里希纳—戈达瓦里盆地的沉积地层和油气前景

克里希纳—戈达瓦里 (Ｋｒｉｓｈｎａ—Ｇｏｄａｖａｒｉ)盆地位于印度被动大陆边缘东部的中心地区。盆地的构造走向为ＮＥ—ＳＷ。上白垩统沉积岩露头标明了西北方向的盆地边缘 ,该地区毗邻ＮＷ—ＳＥ走向的布兰希达—戈达瓦里地堑。盆地含有巨厚的沉积层序 ,包括数个从晚白垩世到全新世的沉积旋回。自从晚白垩世以来发育了一个不断向海进积的面积广阔的巨厚泥质相三角洲 ,该三角洲是油气勘探的靶区。地磁和重力数据证实了盆地的上述地层构造 ,以后进行的多道地震测量也进一步证实了这一点。盆地被断层控制的山岭分成了若干个亚盆地 ,亚盆…     

五种植物提取液的抗鱼病菌和抗鱼病毒效应(英文)

本文旨在探索用廉价的野生植物防治鱼病。所用的植物有牛繁缕(Stellaria aqu-atica),双花凤仙(Impatiens biflora),夜来香(Oenothera biennis),艾草(Artem-isia vulgaris)和忍冬(Lonicera japonica)。用作试验的鱼病菌共13种(18个菌株),分属于气单孢菌属、假单孢菌属、爱德华氏菌属、耶尔森氏菌属、弧菌属。所用的鱼病毒为传染性胰脏坏死病毒IPNV,传染性造血组织坏死病毒IHNV。上述病原微生物均获自美国马里兰大学微生物系。实验结果表明,五种植物提取液均有不同程度的抗鱼病菌作用,其中以牛繁缕的抗菌谱最广,作用力最强。忍冬、艾草、牛繁缕有抗鱼病毒作用。其中以忍冬的效果最好,它能抑制IPNV和IHNV。而艾草和牛繁缕只能抑制IHNV。     

Improved form of wind wave frequency spectrum

The lower frequency part of the theoretical wind wave spectrum proposed by the authors (Wen et al. , 1988a, b,c) has been improved and the form of spectrum is appreciably simplified. In addition to the field data collected in the Bohai Sea region and used in the previous papers, those obtained in the Huanghai Sea, the East China Sea and the South China Sea have been employed so that the improved spectra can be verified on a more extensive observational basis. Computed results agree with the observations well. Further comparisons have been made between the proposed spectra and the JONSWAP spectrum. Though the two types of spectrum are close to each other in form, the former shows, as a whole, better agreement with the observation than the latter. By introducing an improved relation between the peak-ness factor and significant wave steepness, the spectrum contains only significant wave height and period as parameters. For spectra given in this form, the computed peak frequencies coincide approximately wit     

Induction of vitellogenin in vivo and in vitro in the model teleost medaka (Oryzias latipes): comparison of gene expression and protein levels

Quantification of the egg yolk precursor vitellogenin (VTG) in fish has become a standard technique to detect estrogenic effects of known chemicals and environmental samples. In the present study, we have analysed VTG induction by estradiol, ethynylestradiol and genistein exposure in the model teleost medaka (Oryzias latipes) and demonstrate that the medaka is a suitable model system to analyse estrogenic effects. By comparing VTG gene expression and protein levels we show that in principal both techniques can be used to study VTG induction in vivo (juvenile and adult males) and in vitro (primary cultures of male liver cells). If a short term in vivo or in vitro exposure is performed, detection of mRNA might be sufficient. For long term studies with the need to detect weak estrogenic chemicals and a precise quantification, immuno-chemical detection may be favoured.     

海洋对白垩纪——第三纪碰撞的振荡反应

海洋对白垩纪—第三纪碰撞的振荡反应ＳｔｅｖｅｎＤ’Ｈｏｎｄｔ等白垩纪—第三纪（Ｋ—Ｔ）碰撞对海洋和气候产生的长期影响鲜为人知，过去的研究往往用相隔很远的样品来估计海洋一气候系统碰撞前后的平均状态，其研究结果并未提供什么证据来说明长期的物理变化起因于Ｋ...     

Upper temperature tolerances of exotic brackish-water mussel, Mytilopsis leucophaeata (Conrad): an experimental study

The dark false mussel, Mytilopsis leucophaeata is an important mussel colonising the brackish-water systems of temperate and subtropical regions. Of late it has earned notoriety as a biofouling species in industrial cooling water systems. However, there are no published data on the temperature tolerance of this species. This paper presents data on the upper temperature tolerance of this mussel from the view point of biofouling control using thermal methods. In addition to mortality, response of physiological activities such as oxygen consumption, filtration rate, foot activity and byssus thread production were also studied at temperatures varying from 5 to 35 degrees C. Experiments were also carried out to understand the effect of mussel size, breeding condition, nutritional status and acclimation conditions (temperature and salinity) on the mortality pattern. The physiological activities were significantly reduced at temperatures beyond 27.5 degrees C and ceased at 35 degrees C. In 20 mm size group mussels exposed to 37 degrees C, 50% mortality was observed after 85 min and 100% mortality after 113 min. The effect of mussel size on mortality at different temperatures was significant, with the larger size group mussels showing greater resistance. M. leucophaeata collected during the non-breeding season (December-April) were more tolerant to temperature than those collected during the breeding season (June-October). Nutritional status of the mussel had no significant influence on the thermal tolerance of the mussel: fed and starved (non-fed) mussels succumbed to temperature at comparable rates. The effect of acclimation temperature and acclimation salinity on M. leucophaeata mortality at different temperatures was significant. Survival time increased with increasing acclimation temperature and decreased with increasing salinity. In comparison with other co-occurring species such as Mytilus edulis and Dreissena polymorpha, M. leucophaeata appears to be more tolerant to high temperature stress.