Lysosomal membrane stability and metallothioneins in digestive gland of Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam.) as biomarkers in a field study

The lysosomal membrane destabilization and the metallothionein content in the digestive gland cells of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam.), collected along the east coast of the North Adriatic (Istrian and Kvarnerine coast, Croatia), were examined over a period of four years (1996–1999). The lysosomal membrane stability, as a biomarker of general stress, showed that the membrane labilization period in mussels from polluted, urban- and industrial-related areas was significantly decreased (p<0.05) when compared to mussels from control, clean sea water sites. In the harbour of Rijeka, the most contaminated site, the lysosomal membrane stability was reduced by more than 70% compared to the control. This method also proved to be a useful biomarker for detection of additional stress caused by short-term hypoxia that occurred once during this study inside the polluted and periodically quite eutrophic Pula Harbour. The concentration of metallothioneins in the mussel digestive gland, as a specific biomarker of exposure to heavy metals, did not reveal significant differences (p<0.05) between sites covered by this study.     

Marine risk assessment: linear alkylbenzenesulponates (LAS) in the North Sea

The fate of linear alkylbenzenesulponates (LAS) in estuaries and coastal areas of the North Sea has been characterized with simple environmental models. The predicted concentration range in the estuaries around the North Sea (0.9-9 microg LAS l(-1)) was validated by monitoring data (1-9 microg LAS l(-1)). In offshore sites of the North Sea, it is estimated--and experimentally verified for a few sites--that the LAS concentration is below analytical detection limit (i.e., 0.5 microg LAS l(-1)). The effects of LAS on marine organisms have been reviewed. For short-term acute tests, there was no significant difference (p = 0.83) between the mean LC50 values of freshwater and marine organisms (mainly pelagic species tested, 4.1 and 4.3 mg LAS l(-1), respectively). For longer-term chronic tests, it appeared that the sensitivity (mean no-observed effect concentration (NOEC) value) of marine and freshwater organisms (0.3 and 2.3 mg LAS l(-1), respectively) was significantly different pt-test = 0.007). The predicted no-effect-concentrations (PNEC) were 360 and 31 microg LAS l(-1), for freshwater and marine pelagic communities, respectively. Given that the maximum expected estuarine and marine concentrations are 3 to > 30 times lower than the PNEC, the risk of LAS to pelagic organisms in these environments is judged to be low.     

水向地幔深部运移的地震学证据

介绍了日本东北部俯冲带中水向地幔深部运移的地震学证据。资料表明,水在100km以上的浅部从含水的洋壳中释放出来,然后在俯冲板块顶部形成含水的地幔物质沟渠,这就是水进入地幔深部的通道。本文对寒冷的俯冲带环境中水从海洋运移到地幔深部的机制提供了直接证据。     

Paleozoic Accretion-Collision Events and Kinematics of Ductile Deformation in the Eastern Part of the Southern-Central Tianshan Belt, China

The Tianshan range could have been built by both late Early Paleozoic accretion and Late Paleozoic collision events. The late Early Paleozoic Aqqikkudug-Weiya suture is marked by Ordovician ophiolitic melange and a Silurian flysch sequence, high-pressure metamorphic relics, and mylonitized rocks. The Central Tianshan belt could principally be an Ordovician volcanic arc; whereas the South Tianshan belt, a back-arc basin. Macro- and microstructures, along with unconformities, provide some kinematic and chronological constraints on 2-phase ductile deformation. The earlier ductile deformation occurring at ca. 400 Ma was marked by north-verging ductile shearing, yielding granulite-bearing ophiolitic melange blocks and garnet-pyroxene-facies ductile deformation, and the later deformation, a dextral strike-slip tectonic process, occurred during the Late Carboniferous-Early Permian. Early Carboniferous molasses were deposited unconformably on pre-Carboniferous metamorphic and ductilely sheared rocks, implying t     

沉积岩的一种各向异性模型

给出了沉积岩的一种各向异性模型。用一个各向异性参数描述这类材料的固有各向异性，各向异性参数和单轴抗压强度是一个分布函数，其分布用一个微结构张量和加载方向表示。建立了一个描述各向异性沉积岩变形过程的全塑性模型。用该模型对这一些三轴试验进行了模拟，结果表明该模型能有效地描述沉积岩的固有各向异性。     

镍锗尖晶石位错域的高温蠕变实验研究

利用人工合成的多晶材料研究了镍锗尖晶石在位错域的高温蠕变性质.多晶材料的颗粒尺寸约8μm.单轴压缩试件为圆柱状,使用气体介质围压筒.常压蠕变试验过程中,围压为300MPa,温度为1373-1523K,应力在55-330MPa范围内.从实验结果得出了镍锗尖晶石在位错域的流动律,应力指数n=29±01,表明流动的微观机制为位错蠕变.与其他尖晶石进行对比可以发现一个力学同构群,虽然在正尖晶石和反尖晶石之间存在一定的差异.在位错蠕变域,尖晶石与橄榄石归一化的强度类似.由于尖晶石的剪切模量比橄榄石高50%,其实际强度也比橄榄石高.将橄榄石和尖晶石的蠕变数据外推到地球内部条件时,由于其高应力指数,橄榄石则有可能比尖晶石的强度高.     

河流-湖泊三角洲相砂岩成岩作用的重建及其对储层物性演化的影响

延长油区侏罗系和上三叠统河流-湖泊三角洲相砂岩储层的物性受沉积相及埋藏-成岩作用的控制. 河流相砂岩的物性好于三角洲相砂岩(平均孔隙度和平均渗透率分别为14.8%和12.7×10-3μm2, 9.8%和5.8×10-3μm2). 埋藏压实作用是导致砂岩孔隙丧失的主要原因. 碳酸盐是造成砂岩物性降低的主要胶结物. 晚期成岩阶段富含有机酸和无机酸的酸性孔隙流体及表生成岩阶段的大气降水是形成次生孔隙及导致砂岩物性改善的主要介质.     

事件层的保存潜力探讨

影响事件层保存潜力的主要因素有 :纯粹的沉积速率、生物成因的混合速率以及机械改造的规模,可以从时间规模 (过渡时间和消除时间 )的角度来考虑事件层保存潜力。基底的机械改造同样对于事件层和正常天气下的沉积物的保存具有重要影响。综合分析影响事件层保存潜力的各种因素表明,在近基的临滨带中、上部及滨外带下部,事件层具有较高的保存潜力,而在近基及远基两端之间的临滨带下部及滨外带上部,事件层保存潜力较低.     

EFFECTIVE DISCHARGE CALCULATION GUIDE

1 mTRonvcnox: moareS Aun CoxcmSAJluvial rivers have the pOtenhal to adjust their shaPe and dimensions to all flows that tranSPOrtsediment, but Inglis (l94l) suggested that, for rivers that are in regime, a single steady flow could beidenhfied which would Produce the same bankfll dimensions as the natural sequence of events. Hereferrd to this now as the dondnan discharge.Wolman and Mller (l960) idenhfied that the flow doing most bed material transPort over a period ofyears may be taken tO…     

纪念陈光远教授(英文)

仅以此文悼念陈光远教授。陈光远教授毕生献身于地质科学 ,是一位卓越的地质学家。本人与中国同行的交往始于 1 973年 ,当时我应邀参加了华北地台古老变质岩系的地质旅行。后来我又多次访问中国 ,并于 1 996年在北京成功地主持召开了第三十届国际地质大会。陈光远教授是我有幸结识的杰出的中国同行之一 ,在我访问中国期间他曾带我参观考察了他多年从事研究工作的矿区。陈光远教授毕业于西南联大 ,并在瑞典获得副博士学位 ,回到祖国后一直致力于地质学教学与研究工作。他为中国矿产资源的开发做出了不朽的贡献 ,发表的成果及著作涉及金矿、铁矿等许多领域 ,尤其突出的是他编著的胶东金矿省矿物学填图图集开拓了找矿矿物学的新篇章。陈光远教授生前曾多次获奖 ,他的成果得到国际同行的赞誉。他是挪威、瑞典、芬兰、丹麦地质学会的终身会员 ,并被推选为俄罗斯科学院外籍院士。陈光远教授去世前正在与我合作进行有关植树造林防止水土流失的中加合作项目 ,他的去世也是该项目的巨大损失。可喜的是孙岱生教授及其同事将负起重任 ,完成陈光远教授未竟的事业。