Membership List for the year 1922

Those who have followed the historical development of the systematicclassification of the old Palaeozoic rocks in Europe would undoubtedly wellremember how the Ordovician became recognized as a well-defined,independ-     

滑脱断层带内流体与岩石相互作用的构造样式

北美科迪勘拉地区变质核部杂岩体和相关的滑脱断层表现为缓倾斜、正向位移型剪切带(滑脱断层带),热的深层地壳沿着滑脱断层带从脆性扩张的上盘岩板下面上和向外运移。滑脱断层带由韧性向脆性演化期间形成的构造,可以用来恢复剪切带内不同层次的流体压力和差应力的相对大小。发生在脆韧性过渡带以下滑脱断层更深地段的糜棱岩化作用,局部地伴随有指示低的偏应力和商的流体压力的张性破裂。这种状态说明最早期是脆性变形,然后由于流体压力的降低和偏应力的升高而形成了剪性破裂。在低的流体压力条件下,上盘岩扳岩石广泛发育脆性变形。构造和地球化学资料说明,滑脱断层带上的正向位移导致了两套流体系统的形式:(1)以近静水压力下大气的和同生的流体占优势,并通过热对流驱动的上盘岩板系统,(2)剪切带更深层次内的系统,此处流体主要来自岩浆源,而流体迁移服从扩容泵机制。滑脱断层带上正向位移的晚期,在构造上使受两套流体系统影响的岩石同时存在,并局部地使剪切带岩石经受与上盘岩扳流体系统相关的矿化作用的影响。     

什么是断层陡坎？

近十年来，不断加强对构造活动性的仪器观测和历史记录。人们把注意力集中于根据地质，地貌的记录鉴别和研究古地震上，重要的是识别断层地貌特片，例如，断层陡坎，它可能是某一区域构造活动类型及其活动时间的明显标志。     

纪念陈光远教授(英文)

仅以此文悼念陈光远教授。陈光远教授毕生献身于地质科学 ,是一位卓越的地质学家。本人与中国同行的交往始于 1 973年 ,当时我应邀参加了华北地台古老变质岩系的地质旅行。后来我又多次访问中国 ,并于 1 996年在北京成功地主持召开了第三十届国际地质大会。陈光远教授是我有幸结识的杰出的中国同行之一 ,在我访问中国期间他曾带我参观考察了他多年从事研究工作的矿区。陈光远教授毕业于西南联大 ,并在瑞典获得副博士学位 ,回到祖国后一直致力于地质学教学与研究工作。他为中国矿产资源的开发做出了不朽的贡献 ,发表的成果及著作涉及金矿、铁矿等许多领域 ,尤其突出的是他编著的胶东金矿省矿物学填图图集开拓了找矿矿物学的新篇章。陈光远教授生前曾多次获奖 ,他的成果得到国际同行的赞誉。他是挪威、瑞典、芬兰、丹麦地质学会的终身会员 ,并被推选为俄罗斯科学院外籍院士。陈光远教授去世前正在与我合作进行有关植树造林防止水土流失的中加合作项目 ,他的去世也是该项目的巨大损失。可喜的是孙岱生教授及其同事将负起重任 ,完成陈光远教授未竟的事业。     

固体废弃物管理不当对地下水产生的影响

倾倒垃圾处形成的淋漓液中包含大量的可能造成地下水污染的物质。这些区域对地下水的影响可以通过在特定监测点监测潜在的污染物浓度来判断。本研究中,我们对Chennai地区城市固体废物垃圾场周边的地下水水质进行了调查。在3年间每间隔3个月,由垃圾填埋场开始,选择不同距离的水样进行化学分析。研究表明,这些区域地下水不能满足印度标准局的饮用水标准。垃圾倾倒对地下水的影响最早表现在溶解物浓度、电导率、总体硬度、氧化物、化学需氧量、硝化剂及硫酸盐。在这些位置的淋漓液还包含重金属。在雨季后,污染物浓度趋于下降,而在雨季前,很多样品的污染浓度会增加。早期研究表明,在人口密集城市中,应该设有依据某种规范的地下水监测系统。进而,垃圾垃圾场及周边的地下水不应作为饮用水,除非满足某种特殊的标准。在发达地区,未经严格固体废物管理许可而随意倾倒垃圾的行为应到受到禁止。     

青藏高原北羌塘半岛湖新生代粗面玄武岩橄榄石电子探针和激光探针分析

利用电子探针和激光探针剥蚀系统（LA-ICP-MS），对北羌塘新第三纪粗面玄武岩中的橄榄石主元素和微量、稀土元素进行了系统分析。结果表明，本区橄榄石Fo平均为88，属贵橄榄石种属。相对富集Ni、Co和重稀土，而强烈亏损轻稀土及Rb、Sr、Ba、Zr等大离子亲石元素。其稀土元素配分型配分型式与粗面玄武岩全岩稀土配分型式呈互补状态。     

沉积岩的一种各向异性模型

给出了沉积岩的一种各向异性模型。用一个各向异性参数描述这类材料的固有各向异性，各向异性参数和单轴抗压强度是一个分布函数，其分布用一个微结构张量和加载方向表示。建立了一个描述各向异性沉积岩变形过程的全塑性模型。用该模型对这一些三轴试验进行了模拟，结果表明该模型能有效地描述沉积岩的固有各向异性。     

Paleozoic Accretion-Collision Events and Kinematics of Ductile Deformation in the Eastern Part of the Southern-Central Tianshan Belt, China

The Tianshan range could have been built by both late Early Paleozoic accretion and Late Paleozoic collision events. The late Early Paleozoic Aqqikkudug-Weiya suture is marked by Ordovician ophiolitic melange and a Silurian flysch sequence, high-pressure metamorphic relics, and mylonitized rocks. The Central Tianshan belt could principally be an Ordovician volcanic arc; whereas the South Tianshan belt, a back-arc basin. Macro- and microstructures, along with unconformities, provide some kinematic and chronological constraints on 2-phase ductile deformation. The earlier ductile deformation occurring at ca. 400 Ma was marked by north-verging ductile shearing, yielding granulite-bearing ophiolitic melange blocks and garnet-pyroxene-facies ductile deformation, and the later deformation, a dextral strike-slip tectonic process, occurred during the Late Carboniferous-Early Permian. Early Carboniferous molasses were deposited unconformably on pre-Carboniferous metamorphic and ductilely sheared rocks, implying t     

Validation of Foreground Emission Model using GALEX Medium Observations

The study of diffuse ultraviolet(UV) background radiation is vital in the investigation of stellar and galactic evolution. Space-based UV observations are comprised of both foreground and background radiations. The foreground emission in an observation is a result of solar contamination in the direction of observation. In our previous work, we modeled airglow(one of the major constituents of the foreground emission) as a function of10.7 cm Solar Flux and Sun Angle with great accuracy using GALEX...     

Evaluating the effects of protection on fish predators and sea urchins in shallow artificial rocky habitats: a case study in the northern Adriatic Sea

Man-made defence structures (e.g., breakwaters, jetties) are becoming common features of marine coastal landscapes all around the world. The ecology of assemblages of species associated with such artificial structures is, however, poorly known. In this study, we evaluated the density and size of fish predators of echinoids (i.e., Diplodus sargus, Diplodus vulgaris, Sparus aurata), and the density of sea urchins (i.e., Paracentrotus lividus) at defence structures (i.e., breakwaters) inside and outside the marine protected area of Miramare (northern Adriatic Sea) in order to: (1) assess possible differences in fish predator density and size between protected and fished breakwaters; (2) assess whether fish predation may have the potential to affect sea urchin density in artificial rocky habitats. Surveys were carried out at four random times over a period of two years. Total density, and density of medium- and large-sized individuals of the three predatory fishes were generally greater at the protected than at the fished breakwaters, whereas no differences were detected in the density of small-sized individuals. Density of the sea urchin P. lividus did not show any difference between protected and fished breakwaters. The results of this study suggest that: (1) protection may significantly affect predatory fishes in artificial rocky habitats; (2) differences in predatory fish density, and size may be unrelated with the density of the sea urchin P. lividus; (3) protected artificial structures such as breakwaters, originally planned for other purposes, could represent a potential tool for fish population recovery and enhancement of local fisheries.