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221.
LUO Kai-li LI Bao-sheng ZHU Yi-zhi JIN He-ling ZHANG David Dian YAN Man-cun LI Hou-xin YAO Chun-xia ZHANG Yu-hongf . Department of Geography South China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China . State Key Labor 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2001,11(4):336-342
About 70years ago,Frenc卜卜alaeohdoglst回LL sc卜dars al卜ome and a卜road卜ave successively con-HARD de Chardin P.et al.Initiated the Quaternary ducted large amount ofwork on the Later Quaternarygeologlcal research In the >alawusu River Basin of strata(TEILHARD,1924; YUAN,1978; LI,1987;desert region of Northern China and established th,ZHENG,1989; SUN et al,1996; LI et al,1993),Salawusu Formation门EILHARD,1924).Sine,then,palaeobiology… 相似文献
222.
Woody debris (WD) is an important part of natural Pinus tabulaeformis mixed stands, and it affects the forest ecosystem stability and development. The WD spatial patterns are especially important structural characteristics that can provide insights into forest dynamics. In this paper, the WD storage, WD spatial patterns and WD associations among the main species were examined in the natural secondary forest on Loess Plateau in northwest China. Data were collected in a 1 ha (100 m × 100 m) permanent plot, and all the trees with a diameter at breast height of more than 3 cm were measured and stem-mapped. Ripley’s K functions from the spatial-point-pattern-analysis method were used to analyze the spatial distribution and associations. The results showed that: (1) The total storage of WD was 10.73 t/ha, fallen wood was the main source of WD, and the majority diameters were greater than 20 cm, and in intermediate levels of decay; (2) The overall spatial pattern was closely related to the spatial scale, which exhibited an aggregated pattern on a small scale, and a random pattern on a large scale. The spatial patterns of coarse woody debris also gradually transitioned from an aggregated pattern in fine scales to a random pattern in broader spatial scales, which matched the overall spatial pattern. The spatial intensity was gradually decreased with the increasing diameters, and increased with the decomposition classes; (3) The WD of Pinus tabulaeformis species was negatively associated with Betula platyphylla and Populus davidiana on a small scale but positively associated with these species on a large scale. The spatial pattern and interspecies relations were the results of long-term interactions between the natural secondary forest community and the surrounding natural environment. These findings would provide a scientific basis for the sustainable management and protection of natural secondary forest ecosystems on Loess Plateau. 相似文献
223.
Accurate evaluation of soil productivity has been a long-standing challenge. Although numerous models for productivity assessment exist, most are cumbersome to use and require substantial parameter inputs. We developed a new empirical soil productivity model based on field investigations of soil erosion, soil physicochemical properties, and crop yields in the dry-hot valleys (DHVs) in China. We found that soil pH, and organic matter and available potassium contents significantly affected crop yields under eroded conditions of the DHVs. Moreover, available potassium content was the key factor affecting soil productivity. We then modified an existing soil productivity model by adding the following parameters: contents of effective water, potassium, organic matter, and clay, soil pH, and root weighting factor. The modified soil productivity model explained 63.5% of the crop yield. We concluded that the new model was simple, realistic, and exhibited strong predictability. In addition to providing an accurate assessment of soil productivity, our model could potentially be applied as a soil module in comprehensive crop models. 相似文献
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226.
参数优化方法是准确估计生态模型参数、降低其不确定性的有效手段。本文提出一种基于贝叶斯机器学习的No-U-Turn Sampler(NUTS)生态模型参数优化方法。NUTS是一种高效的参数优化方法,每次取样中利用递归算法生成候选参数集(二叉树)推断参数的后验信息,如果满足约束条件“非U型回转”,不断构建子树更新参数;否则,记录本次抽样的“最优”参数集,并开始下一次取样,直到获取足够样本。该算法在每次取样中充分优化参数,避免因随机游走行为产生冗余抽样,提高了参数优化效率。本文以千烟洲亚热带人工针叶林碳通量模拟为例,基于Pymc3框架利用NUTS参数优化方法实现了碳通量(Net Ecosystem Exchange,NEE)模型参数反演,并与Metropolis-Hastings(MH)方法进行对比。结果表明,本文算法的参数值达到稳定波动时的抽样次数减少了85%左右,参数优化效率提升3倍左右。参数优化后,2种NEE模型中7个参数不确定性降低10%~53%。此外,NEE模拟效果明显提升,模拟值与实测值的R2分别提高23%和17%,RMSE分别降低3%和4%。综上所述,本文提出的参数优化方法对生态领域的参数估计或数据同化工作具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
227.
Remote sensing technique has played an important role in land use dynamic monitoring, but as for the land use dynamic monitoring
at county level, traditional remote sensing methods such as satellite imagery visual interpretation and computer classification
can not meet its demand for accuracy. The result of 1: 10 000 land use investigation map has high accuracy, but this method
can not be used to dynamically monitor the land use because of its big expenses, long period and difficulty in updating data.
In this paper, the characteristics of physiognomy, climate and the status of land use in Dehui County are taken into consideration
and a set of method, which takes use of 3S techniques and applies to Northeast China Plain, is come up with. When the land
use type of a land parcel changed as a whole, the date updating can be make by changing its land type ID in the attribute
table in a GIS. When the land use type of an irregular area changed, GPS receivers are used to position its border. This set
of method is characteristic of high accuracy and low expenses. It gets the information of land use change timely and can be
used to dynamically monitor the land use.
Foundation item: Under the auspices of the key project of the National Ninth Five-year Plan (96-B02-01-07).
Biography: LI Lin-yi (1968 —), female, a native of Jilin, Ph. D. candidate of Changchun Institute of Geography, the Chinese
Academy of Sciences. Her research interest includes land use change monitoring and crop yield estimation using “3S” techniques. 相似文献
228.
Effects of Nitrogen Addition on Plant Functional Traits in Freshwater Wetland of Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
To clarify the responses of plant functional traits to nitrogen(N) enrichment, we investigated the whole-plant traits(plant height and aboveground biomass), leaf morphological(specific leaf area(SLA) and leaf dry mass content(LDMC)) and chemical traits(leaf N concentration(LNC) and leaf phosphorus(P) concentration(LPC)) of Deyeuxia angustifolia and Glyceria spiculosa following seven consecutive years of N addition at four rates(0 g N/(m^2·yr), 6 g N/(m^2·yr), 12 g N/(m^2·yr) and 24 g N/(m^2·yr)) in a freshwater marsh in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. The results showed that, for both D. angustifolia and G. spiculosa, N addition generally increased plant height, leaf, stem and total aboveground biomass, but did not cause changes in SLA and LDMC. Moreover, increased N availability caused an increase in LNC, and did not affect LPC. Thus, N addition decreased leaf C∶N ratio, but caused an increase in leaf N∶P ratio, and did not affect leaf C∶P ratio. Our results suggest that, in the mid-term, elevated N loading does not alter leaf morphological traits, but causes substantial changes in whole-plant traits and leaf chemical traits in temperate freshwater wetlands. These may help to better understand the effects of N enrichment on plant functional traits and thus ecosystem structure and functioning in freshwater wetlands. 相似文献
229.
The primary goal of this study was to assess the effect of varying densities on serum reproductive parameters of immature rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Experimental trout were maintained in intensive, pen-reared farms for 300 days in fresh water reservoirs. Initial densities were 4.6, 6.6, and 8.6 kg/m3 (40, 60, 80 ind./m3), indicated as SD1, SD2, SD3, and final densities were 31.1, 40.6, 49.3 kg/m3, respectively. A summary of the ovarian stages were observed by histological examination. Serum E2 (estradiol), T (testosterone) were evaluated by radioimmunoassay and FSH (follicle-stimulating-hormone), LH (luteinizing-hormone), vitellogenin, 17α,20β-P (17α,20βdihydroxy4-pregnen-3-one) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our findings demonstrated that ovarian development were retarded (from stage III to stage IV) at highest rearing density (SD3) after 180 days of intensive culture (over 40.6 kg/m3). In addition, we observed an inverse relationship between serum reproductive parameters and rearing density. Furthermore, compared to serum reproductive parameters of SD1, E2, T, FSH, vitellogenin, 17α,20β-P, GSI and LH of two higher density groups decreased firstly and significantly at 60 (over 15.9 kg/m 3 ), 180 (over 31.7 kg/m 3 ), 180 (over 40.6 kg/m3), 240 (over 36 kg/m3), 240 (over 36 kg/m3), 240 (over 45 kg/m3) and 300 (over 49.3 kg/m3) days, respectively. Comparing serum reproductive parameters within the same ovarian development stage of rainbow trout from varying densities revealed that higher population density also led to significantly lower overall serum reproductive parameters. Overall, this study presents the reproductive, endocrinological parameters of juvenile female rainbow trout at high rearing densities and indicates the need for rainbow trout (114.44±5.21 g, 19.69±0.31 cm) that are initially stocked at 6.6 or 8.6 kg/m3 should be classified and subdivided into lower density after 180 days of farming (not over 31.7 kg/m3). 相似文献
230.
介绍了车载流动型人卫激光测距仪光学系统(包括激光发射系统、接收系统及微光电视监视系统)的设计思想和方法,着重叙述了光学系统的结构设计、关键部件几何尺寸的确定及重要元器件的选取。设计基于流动型仪器应满足的防振、体积小、调校方便、抗环境干扰能力强等特点。多年的实测证明,这种光学系统不仅能满足流动型人卫激光测距仪总体设计要求,而且经济实用。 相似文献