Western dome of the Arga-Ynnykh-Khaya granitic intrusion and its white granites

Adamellites, granite porphyries, and white granites of the western dome of the Arga-Ynnykh-Khaya Massif (Yakutiya) have been studied with emphasis on the white granites. The main features of its magmatic crystallization and initial transformation have been obtained by investigating the intensity of transformations using stochastic Markov models. The most widespread transformation is albitization. Two varieties exist. First, and most common, is development of a secondary albite crystal between two primary grains of potassium feldspar. Second, secondary albite has developed between primary quartz grains. Both variants have definite probabilities of occurrence. Less commonly, but with a constant probability, a secondary quartz grain forms as an intergrowth between two grains of potassium feldspar.     

Venera 11 and Venera 12 observations of e.u.v. emissions from the upper atmosphere of Venus

The results obtained by two extreme ultra violet (e.u.v.) spectrophotometers flown near Venus on VENERA 11 and VENERA 12 in December 1978 are presented. Detectors were placed at discrete wavelength positions to measure e.u.v. emissions from the upper atmosphere of Venus while the spacecraft were drifting on their fly-by orbits. The emissions of HI 121.6 nm (Ly-α), HeI 58.4 nm, and OI 130.4 nm were measured with unprecedented sensitivity and spatial resolution. An OI signal of 500 Rayleigh (R) measured outside the disc suggested the existence of a large bulge of oxygen atoms. The e.u.v. emissions of two ionic species. OII 83.4 nm and HeII 30.4 nm, were measured for the first time in the atmosphere of Venus. The zero order detector of VENERA 12 indicated the presence of a very intense e.u.v. emission (28 kR) lying between the monitored wavelengths. This emission, which was only 3 kR for VENERA 11, is likely to be associated with the solar wind-ionosphere interaction.An attempt to measure ArI and NeI resonance emissions failed.The Lyman alpha (Ly-α) interplanetary background was 4 to 5 times larger than expected, suggestive of a very intense solar flux or an increase of the interplanetary density. The distribution of hydrogen indicates two populations with temperatures of 400 and 700 K.     

ULF wave indices to characterize the solar wind-magnetosphere interaction and relativistic electron dynamics

To quantify the level of low-frequency wave activity of the magnetosphere and IMF, a set of the ULF wave power indices has been introduced. We demonstrate that the ULF activity global level can be very useful in space weather related problems. The application of the interplanetary index to an analysis of auroral activity driving has shown that a turbulent IMF drives auroral activity more strongly than the laminar solar wind does. The enhancements of relativistic electrons at the geosynchronous orbit are known not to be directly related to the intensity of magnetic storms. We found that the electron dynamics correlated well with long-lasting intervals of elevated ground ULF wave index. This fact confirms the importance of magnetospheric ULF turbulence in energizing electrons up to relativistic energies. The time-integrated ULF index demonstrates a significantly higher correlation with electron fluxes, which implies the occurrence of a cumulative effect in the electron energization.     

Possible relation of emergencies during spacecraft launches from the Plesetsk site to high-latitude geomagnetic disturbances

The relation of the series of carrier rocket emergency launches to geomagnetic activity and season is statistically analyzed. The data on the successful and emergency launches of more than ten types of different carrier rockets from the Plesetsk site for about 40 years (from 1966 to 2005) have been processed. It has been indicated that the relative number of emergencies during launches in summer is more than twice as high as in other seasons. An additional summer factor is statistically related to high-latitude geomagnetic activity. The effect remains unclear.     

Bacteria and Viruses in Arctic Sea Ice

Oceanology - We studied vertical distribution of bacteria and viruses in different layers of the Arctic sea ice drilled at the North Pole. The sampled multi-year ice was characterized by uneven...     

Origination of <Emphasis Type="Italic">G</Emphasis> conditions in the ionospheric <Emphasis Type="Italic">F</Emphasis> region depending on solar and geomagnetic activity

The dependence of the origination of G conditions in the ionospheric F region on solar and geomagnetic activity has been determined based on numerical simulation of the ionosphere over points 50° N, 105° E and 70° N, 105° E for summer conditions at noon. It has been found that the threshold value of the Kp geomagnetic activity index (Kp _S ), beginning from which a G condition can originate, is minimal for a low solar activity level at relatively high latitudes during the recovery phase of a geomagnetic storm. On average, Kp _S increases with increasing solar activity, but G conditions can originate at high solar activity levels and be absent at moderate ones for certain Kp values, which was apparently predicted for the first time. These properties of the origination of G conditions do not contradict the known results of a G-condition statistical analysis performed based on the data from the global network of ionospheric stations.     

Methodological aspects of the determination of the Bacterioplankton number,biomass, and production

The current methods used in world practice for the determination of the basic parameters of the vital functions of bacterioplankton (the number, biomass, and production) are discussed. While comparing the different methods and their modifications, the peculiarities of their application for particular natural or laboratory environments are emphasized. The specificity of applying different microbiological methods for field research is examined. When choosing the methodological base for describing the characteristics of a bacterial community, one should proceed from the specific problem facing the researcher. In the case of routine monitoring, the following techniques are convenient and widely used: direct counts of DAPI fluorochrome-stained bacteria using a fluorescence microscope; the calculation of the biomass of the microorganisms on the basis of the relationship between the cell’s mass and its size; the estimation of the bacteria production via labeled leucine incorporation.     

Analysis of magnetic field measurements for T Tau

The presence of hot spots on the surface of T Tau attributable to mass accretion from the protoplanetary disk is shown to have virtually no effect on the accuracy of estimating the magnetic field strength for this star. By comparing the magnetic field strengths for T Tau at the photospheric level measured by various methods, we found that if the angle i at which we see T Tau does not exceed 10°, then the magnetic field of the star could be dipolar with the angle between the dipole axis and the rotation axis of the star ?85°. If, however, it later emerges that i > 10°, its magnetic field is essentially nondipolar and/or nonstationary.