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101.
Rita D. Winkler Diana M. Allen Tim R. Giles Brian A. Heise R. Dan Moore Todd E. Redding Dave L. Spittlehouse Xiaohua Wei 《水文研究》2021,35(5):e14123
Over the past 35 years, the Upper Penticton Creek (UPC) Watershed Experiment has supported forest hydrology research in south-central British Columbia (BC), Canada. This paper provides a synthesis of research results, highlights the challenges facing UPC and identifies new research directions. Clearcutting approximately 50% of two small, snow-dominated (Dfb Koppen classification) watersheds advanced the timing of snowmelt-generated high flows and decreased late-summer low flows, relative to predictions based on pre-treatment regressions. Changes in high flows did not have a significant effect on stream channels due to low stream power, coarse substrate, and limited riparian disturbance. Changes in summer low flows reduced modelled useable fish habitat by 20%–50%. Evaporation averaged 52% of the annual precipitation in the mature forest, was reduced to 30% in a clearcut, and recovered to 40% and 47% in a 10 and 25 year-old stand, respectively. Groundwater recharge to the bedrock was estimated at 19% of annual precipitation, indicating that, even with the large uncertainty associated with this estimate, deep groundwater should not be ignored in the water balance. Suspended sediment, turbidity, and colour increased post-logging; however, chemical surface water quality did not change. Aquatic community structure changed post-logging; and although this affected the processing of organic matter, the effects on habitat quality were considered minimal. The information gained at UPC has supported provincial policies, management guidelines, forest stewardship plans and watershed risk assessments. The undisturbed control watershed, re-growing treatment watersheds and ongoing long-term hydrometric monitoring continue to provide opportunities for future research addressing issues such as the effects of young forests on streamflow and hydrologic recovery, and the influence of climate change on the hydrologic regime. 相似文献
102.
Evolution of an early Eocene pull‐apart basin in the Central Pontides (Northern Turkey): New insights into the origin of the North Anatolian Shear Zone
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Giuseppe Ottria Luca Pandolfi Rita Catanzariti Simone Da Prato Alessandro Ellero Chiara Frassi Mehmet Cemal Göncüoğlu Michele Marroni Leonardo Ruffini Kaan Sayit 《地学学报》2017,29(6):392-400
Although the North Anatolian Shear Zone is one of the main lithospheric‐scale strike‐slip deformation zone in the world, playing a prominent role in the complex geodynamic interaction among the Eurasian, Anatolian and Arabian plates, the onset time of its activity remains highly controversial. Here, we tackle this issue by utilizing nannofossil biostratigraphy on deposits from the Ta?cilar basin, a pull‐apart basin that we have identified inside the North Anatolian Shear Zone overprinting the Intra‐Pontide suture zone. The syn‐tectonic sedimentary succession of the Ta?cilar basin developed completely during the early Eocene (Ypresian; CNE4–CNE5 Zones). The strike‐slip faulting related to the initial onset of the North Anatolian Shear Zone can likely be constrained within the Ypresian, suggesting that the westward escape of the Anatolian plate along the North Anatolian Shear Zone started in the early Eocene. 相似文献
103.
Giorgio Manzi Donatella Magri Maria Rita Palombo 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2011,30(11-12):1420-1438
This paper is aimed to elucidate the ecological scenario in Italy in the Early to Middle Pleistocene, when species of the genus Homo are known to spread across Europe in two distinct waves: earlier than 1.2 Ma and at about 600 ka, respectively. This topic represents both (1) a fundamental aspect for a better understanding of the factors that allowed humans to colonize the middle latitudes of Eurasia, and (2) a reasonable frontier for current Quaternary palaeobiology, thanks to increasing knowledge of regional and local patterns. As for Italy, a combination of palaeobotanical and palaeontological data sets shows on the one hand a general complexity in both space and time, and on the other hand changes of considerable importance within and among the biological communities. These changes had a major importance during the worldwide change in the Earth climatic system known as “Middle Pleistocene Revolution”, which according to our data culminates with crucial effects of the extreme conditions of MIS 16. Subsequently, during great part of the Middle Pleistocene, the peculiar features of the Italian territory may have favoured isolation and a local persistence of plant populations and possibly mammal taxa, humans included, as for instance suggested by the corrected chronology of the Ceprano calvarium. 相似文献
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Two pure cultures of diatoms, a Nitzschia sp. and a Chaetoceros sp., were grown at 0°C or 10°C in the presence of two crude oils and two fuel oils. The petroleum samples were absorbed onto filter paper discs and added directly to the algal cultures. In all cases the organisms were much more sensitive to the crude oils or fuel oils when growing at 0°C than at 10°C. The rate of photosynthesis measured by an oxygen electrode for Nitzschia sp. grown and tested at 0°C was not affected during 3 hours' incubation with some four times the amount of a crude oil or fuel oil that blocked growth. The experiments lead to the cautious suggestion that psychrophilic algae will prove some fivefold more sensitive than mesophilic algae to petroleum pollution. 相似文献
107.
Phytoplankton seasonal and interannual variability in the Guadiana upper estuary was analyzed during 1996–2005, a period that
encompassed a climatic controlled reduction in river flow that was superimposed on the construction of a dam. Phytoplankton
seasonal patterns revealed an alternation between a persistent light limitation and episodic nutrient limitation. Phytoplankton
succession, with early spring diatom blooms and summer–early fall cyanobacterial blooms, was apparently driven by changes
in nutrients, water temperature, and turbulence, clearly demonstrating the role of river flow and climate variability. Light
intensity in the mixed layer was a prevalent driver of phytoplankton interannual variability, and the increased turbidity
caused by the Alqueva dam construction was linked to pronounced decreases in chlorophyll a concentration, particularly at the start and end of the phytoplankton growing period. Decreases in annual maximum and average
abundances of diatoms, green algae, and cyanobacteria were also detected. Furthermore, chlorophyll a decreases after dam filling and a decrease in turbidity may point to a shift from light limitation towards a more nutrient-limited
mode in the near future. 相似文献
108.
Domenico Miriello Marco Malagodi Silvestro Antonio Ruffolo Mauro Francesco La Russa Gino Mirocle Crisci Antonino Pezzino Rita Galluccio Donatella Barca Elisa Marasco 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,60(4):829-836
The monumental tomb of Jefferson Page, an officer in the American Navy, was built in 1899 and is located in the Non-Catholic
Cemetery of Rome (Italy). This study presents complementary diagnostic studies characterizing the stone of the tomb and the
weathering and decay phenomena it has undergone. The monument is made of a single type of whitish marble, variously veined
and often covered with black patinas. Petrographic, isotopic and LA-ICP-MS analyses attribute the marble to the Carrara district.
SEM/EDS and microbiological analyses indicate that the black patinas are due to cyanobacterial autotrophic and fungin heterotrophic
colonization. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the presence of organic material on some portions of the tomb,
due to undocumented restoration carried out with a mixture of marble powder and a polyester resin. 相似文献
109.
110.
Comet C/1999 S4 (LINEAR) showed a very special behaviour between 28 June and1 July 2000. Optical observations of the dust
coma in two distinct continuum bandsrevealed that it changed morphologically as well as in colour. The two-dimensionalcoma
morphology indicates a splitting of the nucleus which probably occurred shortlybefore the observations of 28 June 2000. The
distribution of the dust particles in sunand tail direction reflected by the slopes of the radial profiles indicate the presence
ofa considerable amount of disintegrating dust particles in the sunward hemisphere andan overabundance of dust, reflecting
at 440 nm, within the first 18,000 km of the dusttail. The spatial profiles of the (BC–RC) colour index in sun direction are
distinctly different on 28 June and 1 July, indicating the production of a large amount of particles observable in blue continuum
after 28 June. 相似文献