珠峰地区积雪变化与气候变化的关系

根据三次Landsat遥感数据,应用GIS空间分析方法,分析了1975-2000年珠峰地区定日县常年积雪变化特征,并探讨其与气候变化之间的关系。结果表明,1975-2000年间定日县内常年积雪总计减少了7.49％,减少面积为105.35 km2,主要发生在珠峰及其周围高大山体常年积雪覆盖的边缘地区,其中,海拔5 000～6 000 m之间减少最多,占减少总面积的70％左右。气温和降水量变化是导致常年积雪变化的主要因素,特别是在全球变暖的大背景下,珠峰地区的气温上升趋势是其主要驱动因子。气温升高导致珠峰及周围高大山脉边缘的冰川和常年积雪不断消融,加上1980年代的降水量相对较少,使得1975-1992年常年积雪面积不断减少;但1990年代后期降水量增加显著,研究区东南部海拔相对较低的区域有较多的积雪累积,1993-2000年常年积雪面积略有增加。     

Variations of the Surface Wettability Index over the Tibetan Plateau During 1971-2005

Based on 1971-2005 monthly mean maximum/minimum temperature,wind speed,relative humidity,sunshine duration,and precipitation data at 25 stations over the Tibetan Plateau,a study of the largest potential evapotranspiration(LPE)is performed by using the Penman-Monteith model.The surface wettability index(SWI)is calculated and examined,together with its space distribution,interannual and seasonal variations,as well as associated causes.The results suggest that the annual area rainfall exhibits a pronounced increasing trend at 15.0 mm per decade; the annual LPE shows a different-degree decrease at-4.6-71.6 mm/10 yr.In the southwestern Ngari prefecture and Nyalam county,the annual SWI displays insignificant decline trends compared to increasing trends in other areas of Tibet(0.02-0.09 per decade).For Tibet,on average,the SWI experiences a noticeable rise at 0.04/10 yr,particularly in 1981-2005.On a seasonal basis,the SWI shows increasing trends,especially in summer.In the 1970s-1980s,the interannual variation is characterized mainly by lower temperature and lower humidity.From the 1990s,air temperature keeps on rising,leading to an appreciable increase in SWI,displayed as a type of warm and humid climate.The salient increases(decrease)of precipitation and relative humidity(mean temperature daily range)are the principal causes of the greatly enhanced SWI in the region.The pronounced decrease in mean wind and sunshine duration also plays an active role.     

盐生植物萌发期对盐胁迫的适应研究进展

目前我国盐渍土地面积较大,尤其是青藏高原的盐渍地,常伴有干旱、半干旱的生境,导致植物不易生长,生态环境相对恶劣,这种生态现状亟待解决。盐生植物具有一定的耐盐性和耐旱性,是改善盐渍地的首选植物,种子的活力决定了种子萌发的情况,多数学者为改善严峻的生态环境开始了盐生植物引种的研究。测定种子活力有直接方法和间接方法,大多数学者采用的是直接方法,即在实验室模拟一定条件直接测定萌发率。简述了盐生植物的概况、制造胁迫的主要方法以及检测种子活力的指标,综述了近年来不同学者对盐爪爪、白刺等具有代表性的22种盐生植物在种子萌发期的耐盐性以及抗旱性的相关研究,为改善盐渍地的生态环境、提升盐渍地的生产量提供了理论基础。